Perceptual Scaling of Simultaneous Wind Instrument Timbres

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Kendall ◽  
Edward C. Carterette
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Alto Saxophone ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Individual Differences Scaling ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Composite Data ◽  
Verbal Attribute

Timbral similarities among wind instrument duos were studied. Flute, oboe, E♭ alto saxophone, B♭ clarinet, and B♭ trumpet instrumentalists performed in all possible duo pairings (dyads). Source material included B♭4 unisons, unison melody, major thirds, and harmonized melody. Nonunison combinations had each instrument of the pair as the soprano, creating a total of six contexts. Music major and nonmusic major subjects rated the similarity of all possible pairs of dyads in each of the six contexts. Classical multidimensional scaling (MDS) was performed; contexts were treated as " subjects" in an individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) analysis of composite data. The resulting spaces had two stable, interpretable dimensions. From verbal attribute rating experiments ( Kendall & Carterette, in preparation, a), these were identified as " nasal" vs. " not nasal," and " rich" vs. " brilliant." A third dimension was interpreted as "simple" vs. "complex."Extrema in the space were associated with three of the five instruments: Trumpet (brilliant), saxophone (rich), and oboe ( nasal). Data that were amalgamated over contexts and plotted in two dimensions yielded a circumplicial configuration. Implications for orchestration are discussed and a theoretical model of timbre combinations and groupings is presented.

Verbal Attributes of Simultaneous Wind Instrument Timbres: I. von Bismarck's Adjectives

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Kendall ◽  
Edward C. Carterette
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Alto Saxophone ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Verbal Attribute

A study on the verbal attributes of timbre was conducted in an effort to interpret the dimensional configuration of the similarity spaces of simultaneously sounding wind instrument timbres. In the first experiment, subjects rated 10 wind instrument dyads on eight factorially pure semantic differentials from von Bismarck's (1974a) experiments. Results showed that the semantic differentials failed to differentiate among the 10 timbres. The semantic differential methodology was changed to verbal attribute magnitude estimation (VAME), in which a timbre is assigned an amount of a given attribute. This procedure resulted in better differentiation among the 10 timbres, the first factor including attributes such as heavy, hard, and loud, the second factor involving sharp and complex, a contrast with von Bismarck's results. Results of the VAME analysis separated alto saxophone dyads from all others, but mapped only moderately well onto the perceptual similarity spaces. It was suggested that many of the von Bismarck adjectives lacked ecological validity.

Transition Times in Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Andretta ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Eduardo Romanos ◽  
Markos Vogiatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transition Times ◽  
Movement Participation

The second chapter covers the main characteristics of transition time in the four countries: Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. After developing the theoretical model on paths of transition, with a focus on social movement participation, the chapter looks at social movements and protest events as turning points during transition, covering in particular the specific movement actors, their organizational models, and their repertoires of action and frames. The chapter focuses on two dimensions: the role of mobilization in the transition period, which implies the analysis of how elites and masses interact, ally, or fight with each other in the process, and the outcome of transitions as continuity versus rupture of the democratic regime vis-à-vis the old one. It concludes by elaborating some hypotheses on how different modes of transition may produce different types and uses of (transition) memories.

Theory of Electron Diffraction by Crystals

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyozaburo Kambe
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Scattering Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension

A general theory of electron diffraction by crystals is developed. The crystals are assumed to be infinitely extended in two dimensions and finite in the third dimension. For the scattering problem by this structure two-dimensionally expanded forms of GREEN’S function and integral equation are at first derived, and combined in single three-dimensional forms. EWALD’S method is applied to sum up the series for GREEN’S function.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE THIRD DIMENSION ON ROUGH SURFACES FORMED BY SEDIMENTING PARTICLES IN QUASI-TWO-DIMENSIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. MCCLOUD ◽  
M. L. KURNAZ
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Silica Spheres ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roughness Exponent ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Roughness Exponents

The roughness exponent of surfaces obtained by dispersing silica spheres into a quasi-two-dimensional cell is examined. The cell consists of two glass plates separated by a gap, which is comparable in size to the diameter of the beads. Previous work has shown that the quasi-one-dimensional surfaces formed have two roughness exponents in two length scales, which have a crossover length about 1 cm. We have studied the effect of changing the gap between the plates to a limit of about twice the diameter of the beads. If the conventional scaling analysis is performed, the roughness exponent is found to be robust against changes in the gap between the plates; however, the possibility that scaling does not hold should be taken seriously.

Reati e percezione della criminalitŕ nella zona di residenza: indifferenza o convergenza?

2009 ◽  
pp. 45-73
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sacchini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Crime Trend ◽  
Third Dimension

- According to a common conception - among researchers as well - there is no apparent relation between crime perception (or insecurity) indicated in surveys and the crime trend (indicated by the police force), since the perception seems to be influenced above all by what mass-media conveys. Literature indicates two dimensions of crime perception: social concern about criminality and personal fear of the phenomenon. However resorting to a useful empirical indicator, a third dimension may be contemplated between these two: the evaluation of criminality in the residence area. This article considers data that refers to the twenty Italian regions, collected by the National Institution for Statistics - Istat, regarding the Multipurpose Survey on Families. It describes the strong correlation existing between criminality perception in the residence area and the diffusion of certain kinds of predatory crimes, in particular those in which there is a strong author-victim interaction (robbery and bag-snatching) and those in which crime authors are interested in citizens' relevant economical and symbolic goods (houses or cars).

scholarly journals Identification of Six Emergent Types Based on Cognitive and Affective Constructs that Explain Individuals’ Relationship with the Biosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7614
Author(s):  
Andrea Marais-Potgieter ◽  
Andrew Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Affective Constructs ◽  
Behavioral Constructs

To address the pathological human–nature nexus, psychological processes that impact this relationship need to be further understood. Individual differences related to personality, values, worldviews, affect, and beliefs are likely to influence how people relate to the natural world. However, there is a lack of empirically-based ecopsychological research exploring multiple individual attributes. Understanding individual differences enables the strategic design of planetary-focused interventions, such as advocacy, policy, and technology development. Using a theoretical model that incorporates intrinsic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral constructs, this study sought to identify and describe different types of people and their relationship with the biosphere. Seven hundred and fifty-three people completed an online quantitative questionnaire battery. Results from the cluster analyses of the cognitive and affective constructs showed that six heterogeneous types existed. Their different descriptive expressions of intrinsic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral constructs provide a deeper understanding of each type’s relationship with the biosphere.

scholarly journals Regulating surface wrinkles using light

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257
Author(s):  
Liangwei Zhou ◽  
Kaiming Hu ◽  
Wenming Zhang ◽  
Guang Meng ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Optical Grating ◽  
Wrinkle Structures ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract Regulating existing micro and nano wrinkle structures into desired configurations is urgently necessary yet remains challenging, especially modulating wrinkle direction and location on demand. In this work, we propose a novel light-controlled strategy for surface wrinkles, which can dynamically and precisely regulate all basic characteristics of wrinkles, including wavelength, amplitude, direction and location (λ, A, θ and Lc), and arbitrarily tune wrinkle topographies in two dimensions (2D). By considering the bidirectional Poisson's effect and soft boundary conditions, a modified theoretical model depicting the relation between stress distributions and the basic characteristics was developed to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the regulation strategy. Furthermore, the resulting 2D ordered wrinkles can be used as a dynamic optical grating and a smart template to reversibly regulate the morphology of various functional materials. This study will pave the way for wrinkle regulation and guide fabrication technology for functional wrinkled surfaces.

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