Conditioned Response Suppression in Sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Janet K. Schnorr
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Response Suppression

Tegmental brain stimulation as a UCS in conditioned response suppression

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Morgan ◽  
James C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Response Suppression

Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Parallel Case

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.

Interpositus lesion abolition of the eyeblink conditioned response is not due to effects on performance.

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Ivkovich ◽  
Jon M. Lockard ◽  
Richard F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response

On Conditioned Response and Unconditional Care

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Axelman
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response

scholarly journals The Functional Role of Response Suppression during an Urge to Relieve Pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404-1421
Author(s):  
Kelsey K. Sundby ◽  
Johanna Wagner ◽  
Adam R. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Short Interval ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Interneuron Activity

Being in the state of having both a strong impulse to act and a simultaneous need to withhold is commonly described as an “urge.” Although urges are part of everyday life and also important to several clinical disorders, the components of urge are poorly understood. It has been conjectured that withholding an action during urge involves active response suppression. We tested that idea by designing an urge paradigm that required participants to resist an impulse to press a button and gain relief from heat (one hand was poised to press while the other arm had heat stimulation). We first used paired-pulse TMS over motor cortex (M1) to measure corticospinal excitability of the hand that could press for relief, while participants withheld movement. We observed increased short-interval intracortical inhibition, an index of M1 GABAergic interneuron activity that was maintained across seconds and specific to the task-relevant finger. A second experiment replicated this. We next used EEG to better “image” putative cortical signatures of motor suppression and pain. We found increased sensorimotor beta contralateral to the task-relevant hand while participants withheld the movement during heat. We interpret this as further evidence of a motor suppressive process. Additionally, there was beta desynchronization contralateral to the arm with heat, which could reflect a pain signature. Strikingly, participants who “suppressed” more exhibited less of a putative “pain” response. We speculate that, during urge, a suppressive state may have functional relevance for both resisting a prohibited action and for mitigating discomfort.

Differential Gurmarin Suppression of Sweet Taste Responses in Rat Solitary Nucleus Neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Lemon ◽  
Toshiaki Imoto ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Neuronal Type ◽  
Concentration Series

We examined the effect of the sweet transduction blocker gurmarin on taste responses recorded from neurons in the rat solitary nucleus (NST) to determine how gurmarin sensitivity is distributed across neuronal type. Initially, responses evoked by washing the anterior tongue and palate with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M HCl, and 0.01 M quinine-HCl were recorded from 35 neurons. For some cells, responses to a sucrose concentration series (0.01–1.0 M) or an array of sweet-tasting compounds were also measured. Gurmarin (10 μg/ml, 2–4 ml) was then applied to the tongue and palate. Stimuli were reapplied after 10–15 min. Neurons were segregated into groups based on similarities among their initial response profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Results indicated that sucrose responses recorded from neurons representative of each HCA-defined class were suppressed by gurmarin. However, a disproportionate percentage of cells in each group displayed sucrose responses that were substantially attenuated after gurmarin treatment. Postgurmarin sucrose responses recorded from neurons that composed 57% of class S, 40% of class N, and 33% of class H were suppressed by ≥50% relative to control. On average, attenuation was statistically significant only in class S and N neurons. Although the magnitude of gurmarin-induced response suppression did not differ across sucrose concentration, responses to different sweet-tasting compounds were differentially affected. Responses to NaCl, HCl, or quinine were not suppressed by gurmarin. Results suggest that information from gurmarin-sensitive and -insensitive receptor processes converges onto single NST neurons.

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