On Conditioned Response and Unconditional Care

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Axelman
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response

Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Parallel Case

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.

Interpositus lesion abolition of the eyeblink conditioned response is not due to effects on performance.

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Ivkovich ◽  
Jon M. Lockard ◽  
Richard F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition increases noise burst-induced unconditioned and context-conditioned freezing

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
S. Melker Hagsäter ◽  
Johan Thorén ◽  
Robert Pettersson ◽  
Elias Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Unconditioned Response ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley

AbstractObjectiveWhereas long-term administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders, acute administration of these drugs may exert a paradoxical anxiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible effect of an SSRI in situations of unconditioned or limited conditioned fear.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single dose of an SSRI, escitalopram, before acquisition or expression of context conditioned fear, where noise bursts were used as the unconditioned stimulus. Freezing was assessed as a measure of unconditioned fear (=the acute response to noise bursts) or conditioned fear (=the response to the context), respectively.ResultsNoise bursts elicited an acute increase in freezing but no robust conditioned response 7 days after exposure. Administration of escitalopram before testing exacerbated the freezing response during presentation of the unconditioned stimulus and also unmasked a conditioned response; in contrast, administration of escitalopram prior to acquisition did not influence the conditioned response.ConclusionThe data suggest that freezing in rats exposed to a stimulus inducing relatively mild fear may be enhanced by acute pretreatment with an SSRI regardless of whether the freezing displayed by the animals is an acute unconditioned response to the stimulus in question or a conditioned response to the same stimulus.

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