Problems in the Interpretation and Revision of Eighteenth-Century Irish Economic History

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The economic history of Ireland in the late seventeenth and eighteenthcenturies unfolded in an age marked by considerable legislative interference by the British parliament in Irish affairs. The impact of this interference was all the greater because the executive in Dublin was, from the point of view of an Irish colonial nationalist, constitutionally irresponsible, answerable to the king's ministers in London rather than to the Irish legislature. It is not surprising that against this background colonial nationalism emerged at an early date. The interpretation of economic issues fell inevitably under the shadow of constitutional controversy and rising colonial nationalism. In the eyes of contemporaries, and subsequent Irish historians who have borrowed largely both their facts and interpretation of events from the writings of the period, economic development was subsidiary to political issues; not only subsidiary but its achievement or negation a product of policy.

scholarly journals Trap or Treasure: An economic history of primary production in Hawke's Bay province, 1945-2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Malcolm Davie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<p>Comprised of a broad range of primary activities, Hawke’s Bay is one of New Zealand’s foremost agricultural provinces. Consequently, the province provides an excellent template by which to assess New Zealand agriculture and test differing perspectives of staples-led development. Importantly, the province provides a positive example of staples-led growth and this thesis argues that adjustment within, rather than abandonment of, existing primary production structures has been a rational response to changed economic, social and political circumstances since 1945. Most particularly, two essential adjustment mechanisms existed. First, a dynamic process of land use inter-changeability provided the flexibility required for diversification and delivered strong relative investment returns. Second, levels of corporatisation and internationalisation increased significantly as participants sought productivity enhancements, greater scale and additional capital. Crucially, although aspects of classical staples theory are evident in Hawke’s Bay after 1945, the development of the province’s primary sector does not support interpretations of classical theory as a ‘staples trap.’ Therefore, Hawke’s Bay’s multi-polar model of staples-led economic development challenges the notion, typified by Sutch, that primary sector led economic development is undesirable. It is similarly significant that scholars have not previously considered staples theory within a dynamic system of land use change.  The history of the Hawke’s Bay primary sector since 1945 enables the consideration of broader issues in New Zealand’s economic history. Tariffs, regulation, deregulation and agricultural subsidies played a prominent role in the province after World War Two, the impact of which permits one to locate the Hawke’s Bay story in the wider history of the New Zealand economy. But most importantly, Hawke’s Bay illustrates the distortions of productivism, a concept backed in the first instance by New Zealand farmers and later pursued by the New Zealand government as a remedy for declining agricultural commodity prices and farm profitability. Historical evidence from Hawke’s Bay suggests that productivism and its policy offspring, most notably Supplementary Minimum Prices, rendered the task of structural adjustment to declining commodity prices and changed market conditions substantially more difficult.</p>

scholarly journals Trap or Treasure: An economic history of primary production in Hawke's Bay province, 1945-2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Malcolm Davie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<p>Comprised of a broad range of primary activities, Hawke’s Bay is one of New Zealand’s foremost agricultural provinces. Consequently, the province provides an excellent template by which to assess New Zealand agriculture and test differing perspectives of staples-led development. Importantly, the province provides a positive example of staples-led growth and this thesis argues that adjustment within, rather than abandonment of, existing primary production structures has been a rational response to changed economic, social and political circumstances since 1945. Most particularly, two essential adjustment mechanisms existed. First, a dynamic process of land use inter-changeability provided the flexibility required for diversification and delivered strong relative investment returns. Second, levels of corporatisation and internationalisation increased significantly as participants sought productivity enhancements, greater scale and additional capital. Crucially, although aspects of classical staples theory are evident in Hawke’s Bay after 1945, the development of the province’s primary sector does not support interpretations of classical theory as a ‘staples trap.’ Therefore, Hawke’s Bay’s multi-polar model of staples-led economic development challenges the notion, typified by Sutch, that primary sector led economic development is undesirable. It is similarly significant that scholars have not previously considered staples theory within a dynamic system of land use change.  The history of the Hawke’s Bay primary sector since 1945 enables the consideration of broader issues in New Zealand’s economic history. Tariffs, regulation, deregulation and agricultural subsidies played a prominent role in the province after World War Two, the impact of which permits one to locate the Hawke’s Bay story in the wider history of the New Zealand economy. But most importantly, Hawke’s Bay illustrates the distortions of productivism, a concept backed in the first instance by New Zealand farmers and later pursued by the New Zealand government as a remedy for declining agricultural commodity prices and farm profitability. Historical evidence from Hawke’s Bay suggests that productivism and its policy offspring, most notably Supplementary Minimum Prices, rendered the task of structural adjustment to declining commodity prices and changed market conditions substantially more difficult.</p>

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

Is the USSR dead? Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Golovnin ◽  
Alexander Libman ◽  
Daria Ushkalova ◽  
Alexandra Yakusheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Economic Linkages

The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.

An Economic History of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Price ◽  
Henry Hamilton ◽  
T. C. Smout
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
History Of
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