The Cable Car at Kasprowy Wierch: An Environmental Debate in Interwar Poland

Slavic Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stone
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Interwar Poland ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The construction of a cable car in 1935 by Minister Aleksander Bobkowski halted the proclamation of a Polish National Park in the Tatra Mountains near Zakopane. A press and letter-writing campaign organized by Polish environmentalists, headed by Professor Wladyslaw Szafer and the Tatra Society, subsequently convinced the government to create a park. This debate also concerned the architectural aesthetics of the cable car buildings. The episode sheds light on the development of environmentalism in Poland during the partition era and in interwar Poland, as well as related discussions on the role of technology in modern life and aesthetics. Overall, the episode reveals the existence of two competing views of modern society.

scholarly journals Geodiversity map of the Tatra National Park for geotourism

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zwoliński ◽  
Jakub Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Geodiversity map of the Tatra National Park for geotourism The paper indicates the relations between geodiversity and geotourism in the Tatra National Park. Geodiversity of the Tatra Mountains is visualized by its geodiversity map, whereas geotouristic attractions are measured by touristic attractions along touristic trails on geodiversity map. Areas of the highest geodiversity cover merely 8.2% of the Tatar National Park area. These are mainly areas close to the Tatra Mountains' main ridge. It is so due to geology, landform energy, slopes, landform fragmentation and geoecological belts. Most of the analyzed thematic layers categorizes ridges as more geodiversed than valley areas. The trails situated in the valley bottoms usually cross by areas of low geodiversity, however, from geotouristic point of view, it should be noted that slopes and ridges circumvolving the valley can be marked by high geodiversity. The mountain slopes and ridges are within tourist's sight, what increases trail's geotouristic attractiveness. Amongst many geotouristically interesting parts of the Tatra Mountains Dolina Pięciu Stawów valley appears to be the most appealing with its high quantity and high variety of post-glacial forms on valley's bottom as well as on its slopes.

6. The administrative justice system

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-196
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
System P ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Justice

This chapter focuses on administrative justice. It reflects on the nature of administrative law and the role it plays in modern society, overseeing the relationship between the citizen and the state. Once again adopting the holisitic approach, the chapter discusses not only the role of the courts, but also the tribunals, ombudsmen, and other bodies and processes that together make up the institutional framework of administrative justice. It notes some of the key changes being introduced as a result of the Transformation Programme and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also considers the particular responsibilities of Members of Parliament in holding the Government to account. In addition, it asks who has general oversight of the system and whether current oversight arrangements are adequate.

scholarly journals Conditions of spatiotemporal variability of the thickness of the ice cover on lakes in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2386
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Solarski ◽  
Mirosław Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in high-mountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains (UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW (Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes.

scholarly journals Diatom communities of lake/stream networks in the Tatra Mountains, Poland, and the Swiss Alps

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kawecka ◽  
Christopher Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Park ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Stream Networks ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Swiss National Park ◽  
Diatom Communities ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Distinguished Group

Diatom communities of lake/stream networks in the Tatra Mountains, Poland, and the Swiss AlpsDiatom communities in alpine-zone streams of the Tatra National Park and the Swiss National Park were heterogeneous with respect to species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity index, and ecological preference. Two groups of diatoms were distinguished. Group 1, inhabited streams in the upper Gąsienicowa Valley (Tatra Mts) and Macun Lakes region (Alps), and had high species richness and Shannon diversities (especially in the Tatra Mts streams) but low abundances. The most abundant and common diatoms were

scholarly journals Internet memes as a new sociocultural phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Kirill Leonidovich Ryzhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
The Government

The subject of this research is the Internet meme as a phenomenon in modern culture, while the object is the study of global Internet environment for the existence of this phenomenon. The author explores the role of the Internet meme in culture in the context of globalization and Internet development; communication function of the Internet meme in modern society; as well as the use of Internet memes as informational and semantic signals that affect the existing media markets. Special attention is given to interrelation between the Internet meme as a cultural object and the Internet as a global environment for people’s communication worldwide. The main conclusions lies in determination of the role of the Internet meme in the modern social life, as well as its place in the cultural sphere. The author's special contribution lies in description of the mechanisms of impact of the Internet memes on media markets, as well as the market and information field of news, advertising, marketing, and propaganda. The relevance of this work is defined by the analysis of emergence of the Internet meme not only as a result of creativity, but also as a commercial product and means of information manipulation. The novelty of consists in examination and analysis of such aspects of the Internet memes as a phenomenon that have become significant in the last few years, which is proven by the active attention paid of businesses and the government.

scholarly journals PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF DETERMINISTIC SOCIAL SENSE (ARCHETYPAL APPROACH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Aleksej Valentinovich Dovgan’
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Adaptability ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment

The features and the role of deterministic social sense in the context of the archetypical approach are considered in the article; the specifics of the existence of the above-mentioned phenomenon in relation to public administration are presented. The nature, principles of the functioning of archetypes as a direct, pragmatic decision-making factor of the personality are represented. It is argued that archetypes are significantly different from those historically established or transformed by human characters, whose senses are not mentally inherited, but transmitted from generation to generation. The emphasis is placed on the relevance of the archetypal approach for research in the management sector in general and deterministic social sense — in particular. The author emphasizes that the archetype is a direct pragmatic factor in personal decision-making, acting as a created internal complication that ensures the course of certain socially deter mined processes in the human brain. Attention is focused on the continuity of the concepts of “sense” and “culture”: from the moment of alienation of a person from the surrounding natural world, all thoughts, created things, found and used means and methods of actions are given meanings. Thus, the decision, that is, the choice, appears to be the natural basis for an individual’s being in ontological reality, acting as a necessary precondition for structuring his administrative, legal and so on needs in modern society. Further investigation of the archetypal approach to the study of the phenomenon of deterministic social sense is seen in the study of the features of citizens’ reflection on the images and symbols created by the government in order to achieve some behavioral manifestations in the latter, allowing more deeply and clearly understand the needs of the people, and also to update the relevant role of public administration in his life. At the same time, from the standpoint of social, psychological, culturological pragmatics etc., the archetype is the primary form of sense stratified according to the types described by Jung. This differentiation of this phenomenon is natural, due to its universalism, which allows us to speak about the degree of social adaptability of the latter.

Expert’s Perceptions towards Management of Tourist Traffic in Protected Areas Based on the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Anna DELEKTA ◽  
Joanna FIDELUS-ORZECHOWSKA ◽  
Anna CHROBAK
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
National Park ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Depth Interviews

Increasing human impact in mountain areas may constitute a challenge to national park authorities. Therefore, interdisciplinary research is important in order to address the various aspects of the functioning of protected areas. The purpose of the present study was to analyze perceptions of infrastructure and tourist traffic in the Tatra Mountains by tourist experts. Data were collected using the diagnostic survey method and in-depth interviews with experts. Statistical analysis included the use of the U-Mann-Whitney Test and the nonparametric Chi Square Test. Research has shown differences in the way both local transportation and restaurant services are viewed in the Polish and Slovakian parts of Tatras. Experts indicate that the main reason for increasing tourist traffic is that the Tatras are in fashion, while the key problem is excess litter generation.

Pemberdayaan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM)/Usaha Rumah Tangga (URT) Kerajinan Kulit di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vertasius Sanjaya Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
The Government

<span><em>Growth of Informal Sector UKM/URT leather so far has been getting </em><span><em>the attention of the government , but not enough attention is because it has not </em><span><em>touched the substance of empowering UKM/URT as part of the global economic </em><span><em>system. This is because coordination, focus and formulation of each department </em><span><em>tends to rule out a profitable strategy UKM/URT, but more nuanced political or </em><span><em>business-oriented on the other side. Growth of UKM/URT themselves usually stop </em><span><em>at the base phase where after working through internships (replication) for a bold </em><span><em>new step on their own (work Independently) goes directly compete and survive. </em><span><em>This method is very common UKM/URT for this so that UKM/URT less have a </em><span><em>comparative advantage, because it is still a single fighter for all matters both for the </em><span><em>production, management, marketing, etc. In fact, everything is done the traditional </em><span><em>(manual, non-corporated). Under these conditions, the role of government and </em><span><em>business associations are expected to be suporting system is vital for UKM/URT. T</em><span><em>hus, in the era of regional autonomy of local governments should empower UKM/</em><span><em>URT as the main pillars of the regional economy. The role of business associations </em><span><em>are not limited to the expected orientation solely capital adequacy but also to think </em><span><em>of innovation, improvement of production systems, design, quality control, </em><span><em>management, marketing systems, as well as having a dual role that regulate the </em><span><em>production and marketing systems, including the progressively explore marketing</em><span><em>. Until this approach is necessary as a form of cultural and structural dynamics of </em><span><em>society from an agrarian society to a modern society that direction must inevitably </em><span><em>be faced by society as a whole is not denied even occur in all sectors of development.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

scholarly journals The role of Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in transferring uropodine mites in a mountain spruce forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kršiak ◽  
P. Zach ◽  
J. Kulfan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The bark beetle Hylastes cunicularius was studied in the Tatra Mountains, West Carpathians, to clarify its role in transferring phoretic uropodine mites during dispersal in a mountain spruce forest. Emphasis was placed on the proportion of beetles vectoring deutonymphs of uropodine mites, and on assemblage structure, frequency distribution and placement of uropodids on the bark beetle vector. A total of 3,302 adults of H. cunicularius were caught into flight interception traps, of which 529 (16%) vectored a total of 1,020 individuals and four species of uropodine mites: Trichouropoda pecinai Hirschmann &amp; Wisniewski, Trichouropoda obscura (C.L.Koch), Uroobovella vinicolora (Vitzthum), Uroobovella ipidis (Vitzthum). The uropodine mite assemblage was dominated by T. pecinai, which represented 94.6% of the collected mite individuals. T. pecinai and U. vinicolora were documented as new associates of H. cunicularius. Frequency distribution of uropodids on the beetle was L-shaped. The number of vectored mites and the number of dispersing individuals of H. cunicularius were positively correlated.

scholarly journals Social and Cognitive Implications of Using Euphemisms in English

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Narmina Fataliyeva Arif
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
People Search

<p>Today in a globalized society the need for word substitutions while speaking on sensitive topics has increased. People search for milder alternatives to express their opinions whenever they feel their words might sound abrupt or offensive. These substitutions are called euphemisms.</p><p>At first sight one might suppose that these expressions are too ordinary, but in fact they possess a strong persuasive character. Thus, the subject of this article is to identify the main functions of euphemisms in modern society. The article also aims at determining which social and cognitive factors regulate our choice of these substitutions.</p><p>In the theoretical part of the research different views on the phenomenon are outlined.</p><p>The main method used in this work is descriptive analytical method, based on the description of euphemisms from theoretical point of view with the subsequent analysis of achieved results. Besides, the method of contextual analysis has been applied.</p><p>As data for analysis different euphemistic expressions have been studied.</p><p>An overall study shows that in modern life honest debate has turned into a rare phenomenon.</p><p>One of our assertions is that the use of euphemisms primarily presupposing good intentions so as not to hurt a listener’s feelings, in modern life has acquired completely a different purpose. Today people use euphemisms to sound more persuasive instead of simply sounding polite.</p><p>It should be noted that for a deeper understanding of the role of euphemisms they should be studied within a specific discourse. Thus this study will require a further look at the problem applying a more contextual approach to its analysis.</p>

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