Excavations at Oinoanda 1997: the new Epicurean texts

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 125-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ferguson Smith
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

Oinoanda's most famous and, many would say, most precious possession is the massive Greek inscription, which, probably in the first half of the second century AD, was set up by a citizen named Diogenes, who must have been both wealthy and influential. ‘Having reached the sunset of life’, he used the wall of a stoa to advertise the moral benefits of Epicurean philosophy not only to his fellow-citizens, but also to foreign visitors, and not only to his contemporaries, but also to future generations. In fulfilment of his philanthropic mission he expounded Epicurus' teachings on physics, epistemology, and ethics in writings which may have occupied 260m2 of wall-space and contained 25,000 words. The work, as well as being remarkable as an epigraphic colossus, is a valuable source of information about one of the most important philosophies in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.Eighty-eight fragments of Diogenes' inscription were found by French and Austrian epigraphists between 1884 and 1895. I took up the search in 1968–73, discovering 38 new fragments and rediscovering most of the 19th-century finds. My work led on to the topographical and epigraphical survey, sponsored by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (BIAA) and directed by the late Alan S Hall in 1974–75–76–77–81–83 — a survey which not only revealed more of Diogenes' work, but also yielded other epigraphical finds and, thanks above all to the work of James J. Coulton, significantly increased our knowledge of Oinoanda's history and buildings.

Elementary, my dear Lycians: a pronouncement on physics from Diogenes of Oinoanda

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Martin Ferguson Smith
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Since 1968 Oinoanda in northern Lycia has been the scene of investigations by members of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. A major objective of the work has been the discovery and rediscovery of pieces of the Greek inscription set up, probably in the first half of the second century AD, by the Epicurean philosopher Diogenes. In 1997, with the generous permission and support of the Directorate-General of Monuments and Museums and with the welcome collaboration of Ibrahim Malkoç, Director of the Fethiye Museum, and his colleagues, excavation was possible for the first time. The season, though very short and on a very small scale, brought to light 10 new fragments of the inscription (see Smith 1998) — finds which raised the total of new fragments recovered since 1968 to 135 and the total of known fragments (88 were discovered late in the 19th century) to 223.

Getuigen van de Arubaanse geschiedenis en identiteit

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
ROMY VAN VOREN
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Residential Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Special Meaning ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Testimonials of Aruban history and heritage: the kunuku houses and cas floria On the island of Aruba, traditional houses are often decorated with unique symbols. Houses with these decorations are called ‘cas floria’, meaning decorated house. The origin for this style of building and the meaning of the symbols presumably stem from the culture of the native inhabitants of Aruba (Indians). Over the course of time, the Dutch colonial power had influence on the residential culture on Aruba. They introduced stone houses and building materials such as roof tiles and cement. The native population gradually started replacing their loam houses for stone versions. In the 19th century, the building style of cas floria arose. These houses were found mostly in the historic native settlements. For the colonial settlers, these symbols had no special meaning and so they did not live in decorated houses. Nowadays, a lot of cas floria and traditional kunuku houses have become ruins. However, many of those historic houses have remained and are still inhabited to this day. The Monumentenbureau Aruba has been lobbying with the Aruban Government to grant the traditional kunuku houses and cas floria a protected monumental status, so that this part of Aruban heritage and identity will be preserved for future generations.

scholarly journals Activities of the Asian Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in coordination of the Russian Balkan policy (first half of the 19th century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Elena P. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study is devoted to the activities of the Asian Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs that served as a curator of the Russia-Balkans relations in the first half of the 19th century. The Asian Department (set up in 1819) was in charge of the diplomatic, economic, cultural and church relations of Russia with the countries of the «East», and, above all, with the Ottoman Empire. Relations with the Orthodox Balkan nations - Serbs, Bulgarians and Montenegrins – remained traditionally close. This department supervised the policies related to the Balkan region, developed instructions for Russian envoys in Constantinople and Athens, stored consular reports from all over the Balkan region, and, as a result, elaborated approach of the Russian government in relations with Turkey.

scholarly journals EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. vii-xii ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Spolsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

From the beginning, public tests and examinations were instruments of policy. The Imperial Chinese examination was created to permit the emperor to replace the patronage system by which powerful lords were choosing their own candidates to be mandarins. The Jesuit schools in 17th-century France introduced a weekly testing system to allow central control of classroom teaching. In 19th-century England, Thomas Macaulay argued for employing the Chinese principle in selecting cadets for the Indian Civil Service; a similar system was later used for the British Civil Service. A primary school examination system was set up in England at the end of the 19th century to serve the same purpose of achieving quality control and accountability in public schools as was proposed for the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) that is being bitterly disputed in 21st-century United States. Chauncey's primary goal after World War II in developing the Scholastic Achievement Test for admission to elite U.S. universities was to replace the children of the wealthy establishment with highly qualified students who would see their role as contributing to public service.

Europe in the making of Japanese values

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Morris-Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

With the Meiji Restoration the first steps were taken in the third quarter of the 19th century to set up a national system of education in Japan. European educational theories were influential. Samuel Smiles became a reference for moral principles and Western heroes from Socrates to Florence Nightingale were exemplars. The articles explores the complex relationship of Western ideas with indigenous Japanese culture.

scholarly journals Co słychać w Zakopanem? Wspomnienia Władysława Matlakowskiego na tle relacji podhalańskich z przełomu wieków

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kuniczuk-Trzcinowicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Culture And Language

How are things in Zakopane? Władysław Matlakowski’s Wspomnienia [Memories] compared to turn-of-the-century accounts from PodhaleThe author introduces the figure of Władysław Matlakowski, a 19th-century “modern man” of many talents, today slightly forgotten despite his important contribution to science and culture in the second half of the 19th century. Chałubiński — awell-known Warsaw physician — became strongly assimilated into the Tatra landscape and people, when he was suffering from tuberculosis. That is why he became passionate about trying to save the highlanders’ culture and language. His memories of his journey and journal of his illness constitute avaluable source of information about how Matlakowski viewed the world around him, and show the sensitivity of this writer and translator.

scholarly journals Russian Reception by James Hogg (Mid-19th — Early 20th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
D. N. Zhatkin ◽  
A. A. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
James Hogg ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

The article continues a series of works devoted to the Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), a famous interpreter of folk ballads and author of “The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner” (1824). The facts and materials related to the perception of J. Hogg in Russia in the middle of the XIX — early XX century are collected and summarized. It is noted that during the period under review, no new translations of J. Hogg's poetry and prose into Russian were created, however, in the articles of leading literary critics (N. G. Chernyshevsky, M. L. Mikhailov, A. V. Druzhinin) when analyzing the works of N. V. Gogol, T. Goode, the translation activity of I. S. Turgenev expressed opinions on certain aspects of the biography and work of the Scottish author. It has been established that the main source of information about J. Hogge and his work was for the Russian reader of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries translated publications on the history of English literature and culture, other books by Western European researchers published in Russia. The manifestations of interest of Russian researchers and popularizers of English literature in the work of J. Hogg are comprehended, with special attention paid to the article by N. A. Solovyov-Nesmelov “James Hogg”, which was a literary sketch about the childhood of the writer, and the essay by K. F. Tiander the novel of the first quarter of the 19th century, which offers a different assessment from the predecessors of the Scottish author’s activities as a continuer of the traditions of M. Edgeworth. 

scholarly journals Działania dyplomatyczne podczas pierwszej wojny Bałkańskiej w publikacjach bulwarowego dziennika „Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny”. Część I

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Jarosław Rubacha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The Press ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

The effect of rapid socio-economic development in Europe in the 19th century was, among others the creation of newspapers targeted at specific groups of recipients, including the boulevard press, addressed to the less affluent part of society. One of them was the “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” founded in 1910 in Kraków. Although these types of magazines were not highly valued on the press market, their volume, and especially their big edition, incline to a closer look at the content presented in them. Even a cursory reading of individual issues of the newspaper leads to the conclusion that “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” is an interesting source of information about the then reality. This is particularly evident during the Balkan wars, when materials on diplomatic activities were published very often and occupied a leading place before scandals, rumors and criminal reports.

scholarly journals FIRST NATIONS ON VIEW: CANADIAN MUSEUMS AND HYBRID REPRESENTATIONS OF CULTURE

eTopia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ashley
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Ethnographic Museums ◽  
European Race ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Material Evidence

Museums are important public sites for the representation and authentication of history and heritage in Canadian society.The study of history and ethnographic museums allows important insights into issues of race, ethnicity and identity, and especially how the colonial legacy has shaped how Canadians see themselves. Museums are a supreme expression of imperialist Europe — publicly funded institutions devoted to colonial sensibilities. This includes vast halls set up to display the “booty” of war and conquest as well as the mounds of material evidence produced by scientific research and collecting. Museums of the 19th century were concerned with objects (and objectifying) and possessed a foundational purpose to define what was cultured or civilized (and what was not). Early exhibits emphasized purity of race, the progression of history and the sense that the “white” European race was the pinnacle of evolution. Museums defined, and continue to define and present who we are as nations or communities or cultures, and inevitably separate the we from everyone else out there (Bennett, 1995; Hooper-Greenhill,1999). By using exhibition as its form of communication, museums set up frozen instances in time and fixed them, unchangeable, as expert truth; there was no opportunity then to contest or even engage in dialogue. Objects displayed, in public, for audiences to gawk at or exclaim over. This very act of exhibition was spectacular in the Debordian sense: a representation, divorced from reality, is presented to and consumed by an undifferentiated audience.

scholarly journals Henry Solomon Lipson, 11 March 1910 - 26 April 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Small Business ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
General Area ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Occupational Background ◽  
The 19Th Century

Henry Solomon Lipson was born in Liverpool on 11 March 1910, the youngest child, and only son, of the three children of Isaac and Sarah Lipson. He came from immigrant stock; all four grandparents were Polish Jewish emigres who had settled in Liverpool towards the end of the 19th century. The family occupational background was in the general area of shopkeeping and commerce with no tradition of higher education or professional qualifications. Henry’s father, whose small business had failed when Henry was a baby, left the family for a time while he attempted, unsuccessfully, to set up a better life for them in Canada. He returned home disillusioned but determined to make the best of the opportunities England had to offer. After a period of unemployment he eventually became a steelworker at Shotton, near Liverpool. Henry Lipson was very proud of his father, a man of poor education who, when times were hard, determinedly used the only asset he had, his great physical strength, to support his family. He recorded that his father also had strength of character since he avoided the coarser habits, swearing and excessive drinking, of most of the steelworkers in the area.

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