On the Problems of Karatepe: The Reliefs and their Context

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 115-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene J. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Northeast Corner

It is a good maxim that all controversial archaeological issues should be reviewed regularly in the light of new material and/or changing perspectives; and certainly one of the most controversial issues in the history of the early first millennium B.C. in the Near East has been the dating of the reliefs and inscriptions built into the two Citadel Gates at Karatepe.The site itself, set on the west bank of the Ceyhan River in the northeast corner of Cilicia, sits on a natural hill just south of a spur of the foothills that mark the beginning of the juncture of the Taurus and Amanus mountain ranges (cf. Maps, Figs. 2, 3). It was first discovered and explored in 1946 by a Turkish team, headed by H. Th. Bossert, investigating ancient road systems of the “Neo-Hittite” period. Active field seasons were initiated at Karatepe, along with soundings at the neighbouring site of Domuztepe on the opposite bank of the Ceyhan, and were continued through the mid-1950s, since which time restoration has been in process at Karatepe under the direction of Professor Halet Çambel of Istanbul University.

Joint ICRC and League Appeal: In favour of Near East Refugees

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (80) ◽  
pp. 588-590
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Civilian Population

Among the victims of the recent Near East conflict, the civilian population which fled from the territories occupied by the Israeli forces—the West bank of the Jordan and South Syria—still need considerable help.

scholarly journals Nicolas Tourechot zwany Granger (około 1680 - 1737) i odkrywanie Górnego Egiptu

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Śliwa Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theban Necropolis

Nicolas Tourtechot Known as Granger (ca. 1680 - 1737) and The Discovery of Upper Egypt A French doctor, who travelled up of the Nile in the first half of 1731, wrote Relation du voyage fait en Égypte […], published in 1745 (soon his book was published in English and German). Tourtechot, during his transit to the south, noted and described several monuments. He realized that in Luxor and Karnak he was seeing the remains of the ancient Thebes, although he presumably never reached the west bank of the Nile, and the information referring to the Theban necropolis was drawn by him from indirect sources. He intended to go further to the south, but in Edfu local riots made him go back. In his report Tourtechot put Greek inscriptions which he had found in several places (Qus, Esna, Akhmim, Sheikh Abade); in the following years these inscriptions were included in specialist studies. Tourtechot’s information about Coptic monasteries which he had visited during his voyage are also considered important (he managed to visit the monasteries of St. Anthony and St. Paul on the Red Sea, which were difficult to reach). He wrote a great deal about the details of everyday life, nature and customs. Dangerous moments and specific curiosities described by Tourtechot make his simple and unpretentious writing more vivid and appealing for the reader. Tourtechot’s work constitutes an important part in the history of studies on the art and topography of ancient Egypt.

Including Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth Fowden
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
New Perspective

This book examines history and thought “before and after Muhammad” by offering a new perspective on the debate about “the West and the Rest,” about America's destiny and Europe's identity. One party explains how Europe and eventually North America—the North Atlantic world—left the rest in the dust from about 1500. The other side argues that Asia—China, Japan, and the Islamic trio of Mughals, Safavids, and Ottomans—remained largely free of European encroachment until the mid-1700s, but then either collapsed for internal reasons, or else were gradually undermined by colonial powers' superior technological, economic, and military power. In seeking to overhaul the foundations of this debate, especially as regards the role of Islam and the Islamic world, the book reformulates the history of the First Millennium, by the end of which Islam had matured sufficiently to be compared with patristic Christianity, in order to fit Islam into it. The book draws primarily on Edward Gibbon's account of East Rome and Islam.

A Hermit Goes to War: Peter and the Origins of the First Crusade

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 79-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Blake ◽  
C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
The West ◽  
First Crusade ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Church

Just over a century ago Heinrich Hagenmeyer published his definitive book on Peter the Hermit. It has shaped most subsequent discussions of Peter’s career, and it must be said at once that no completely new material has come to light since then. There is, however, a problem of perpetual interest posed by the divergences among twelfth-century accounts of the origins of the First Crusade. Until the advent of modern historiography, it was accepted that the expedition was provoked by an appeal from the church of Jerusalem, brought to the west by Peter the Hermit, who had visited it as a pilgrim, had seen a vision of Christ and had been entrusted by the patriarch with a letter asking for help against the oppression of the Christians there. The crusade was on this view born in the atmosphere of pilgrimage, visions and popular preaching which continued to mark its course, and is so evident in, for example, the discovery of the Holy Lance and the visions and messages which accompanied it. Peter is in some sense the embodiment of these charismatic elements, and there is no controversy about his prominence in the history of the movement. He appears as a sensationally successful preacher, who recruited and led a large contingent which left in advance of the main armies, and was cut to pieces in Asia Minor. Thereafter, he appears in the chronicles in a variety of capacities: as a runaway, and an ambassador to the Moslems, as an adviser, as an associate with the popular element among the crusaders, and finally as a guide to the sacred sites at Jerusalem. It is, however, not with these wider aspects of his career that we wish to deal in this paper, but with his special role in the summoning of the expedition. The older view was that he was its first author. Every student of the early church is familiar with militant monks and hermits. It was once believed that Peter, their spiritual descendant, was the most supremely successful of all the ascetic warmongers.

scholarly journals Indian Contribution to Language Sciences in Non-Western Tradition: With Reference to Arabic

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti ◽  
S. Imtiaz Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The West ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indian Contribution

Language study relates itself to both ontology and epistemology. Both ontological and epistemological investigations have been the subject of debate and discussion in different civilizations producing a number of grammatical traditions other than the West. Arab, China, India and the ancient Near East can also boast of language traditions of greater antiquity. In terms of richness of insight and comprehensiveness of scope, both India and the Arab compete on equal terms with the West, where each grew independently of the others and for the most part developed separately, drawing on the resources of the culture within which it grew. Hence, there is strong need to have a study of comparative grammatical theory to which Indian, Arabs and Chinese also belong, centring on the questions of: What has been the importance of these theories explanatory categories appear in historically unrelated linguistic theory, and if they do, why? This perspective would bring new dimension to the study of linguistic theory and would not remain at the level of redressing the overwhelming emphasis on the European tradition in the study of history of linguistics.

The Archaeology of Land Law: Excavating Law in the West Bank

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Orpett
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Political History ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Land law in the West Bank is a mess of multi-layered legal regimes representing the complicated political history of the region. From this confusion flow some of the most contentious issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict today, such as the legitimacy of settlements and the legality of the security barrier. Whether one's concerns regarding the “Question of Palestine” are humanitarian or political, one fact is clear: the legal muddle of land law must be addressed.But addressing the law first requires that we understand what that law is. This paper is not an investigation of the relative legitimacy under domestic or international law of each of the innumerable changes that were made to land law over the course of multiple legal regimes. Rather, it attempts to develop a purely descriptive answer to the seemingly straightforward question: what is the state of land law? To do this, I reconstruct the law of land as much as possible, from the still-operative, sedimentary layers of Ottoman, British, Jordanian, Israeli, Palestinian and international law. In compiling this information, I hope to contribute to the efforts to fully understand where we are, so we can honestly assess where we may go from here.

scholarly journals Observations on the Chinese idea of fate

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Gunnar Sjöholm
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Religion ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The People ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Chinese Writing

Throughout the history of Chinese religion, ideas of fate are present. The earliest forms of Chinese writing occur on thousands of tortoise shells found 65 years ago in the province of Honan. At that time inscriptions on bronze vessels from the first millennium B.C. were already known. But the new material was more difficult to interpret. The amount of material has grown since then: there are now about 100 000 inscribed shells and bones, some hundreds of whole tortoise shields with inscriptions as well as other archaeological material. One third of the signs has been deciphered. The inscriptions are mostly quite brief and contain oracle formulas. The people of the Shang-Yin dynasty (1500-1028 B.C.) knew the useful and the beautiful. What did the oracle stand for? Did it represent something necessary? An oracular technique had been developed, "which consisted in touching shells or bones on one side with a little red-hot rod and interpreting according to certain patterns the cracks that arose on the other side as the answers of the ancestral spirits to the questions of the kings. After the consultation of the oracle the questions and often the answers were inscribed beside the cracks. Often also pure memoranda concerning weather, war expeditions etc. were inscribed.

scholarly journals Archival Research of the History of the Francisco Flores Ranch

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ziga
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
West Bank ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Privately Owned

The Francisco Flores Ranch, located northwest of Floresville, Texas, encompassed five sitios of land and one labor on the west bank of the San Antonio River at the paraje known as Chayopines. The Flores Ranch is one of the last surviving privately owned colonial ranches that have been identified in the San Antonio River valley containing standing structures possibly dating to the original date of occupation. I outline previous research on the property and offer new interpretations on the farm and ranch complex.

scholarly journals Postponing Armageddon? Christian Zionist and Palestinian Christian Responses to the Problem of Peace

Chronos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Paul S Rowe
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
International System ◽  
The West ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The Way

Of all the problems of peacemaking and peacebuilding in the modern international system, none is as contentious a matter of religion and identity as that of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The weight of spiritual significance and history has caused more than one author to expound upon the way religion has uniquely marked this land. Foreign interest and interference in the allocation of privileges and ownership in the region have led one recent analyst to bemoan the plight of this "much too promised land." (Miller 2008) In a history of the conflict written long before its descent into the first and second intifadas and the expansion of the number of religious antagonists, David Smith noted that .the years after the 1967 [Arab-Israeli] war would defy a solution an spawn a new conflict between Arabs and Jews. In the tiny battleground of the West Bank — just 80 miles long and 26 miles wide — the two peoples would live together, contesting the same territory. Many on both sides would claim that it was granted to them by God... In the process, Arabs and Jews would be locked in a modern-day secular conflict, fuelled by age-old religious zealotry and bigotry. They would become prisoners of God. (Smith 1987: 4)

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