scholarly journals Nicolas Tourechot zwany Granger (około 1680 - 1737) i odkrywanie Górnego Egiptu

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Śliwa Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theban Necropolis

Nicolas Tourtechot Known as Granger (ca. 1680 - 1737) and The Discovery of Upper Egypt A French doctor, who travelled up of the Nile in the first half of 1731, wrote Relation du voyage fait en Égypte […], published in 1745 (soon his book was published in English and German). Tourtechot, during his transit to the south, noted and described several monuments. He realized that in Luxor and Karnak he was seeing the remains of the ancient Thebes, although he presumably never reached the west bank of the Nile, and the information referring to the Theban necropolis was drawn by him from indirect sources. He intended to go further to the south, but in Edfu local riots made him go back. In his report Tourtechot put Greek inscriptions which he had found in several places (Qus, Esna, Akhmim, Sheikh Abade); in the following years these inscriptions were included in specialist studies. Tourtechot’s information about Coptic monasteries which he had visited during his voyage are also considered important (he managed to visit the monasteries of St. Anthony and St. Paul on the Red Sea, which were difficult to reach). He wrote a great deal about the details of everyday life, nature and customs. Dangerous moments and specific curiosities described by Tourtechot make his simple and unpretentious writing more vivid and appealing for the reader. Tourtechot’s work constitutes an important part in the history of studies on the art and topography of ancient Egypt.

Scandinavian Thing-steads

Antiquity ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
F. Wildte
Keyword(s):  
Judicial System ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Judicial Systems

The Scandinavian peoples emerge into the light of history much later than their neighbours in the South and the West, the Teutons on the Continent and in England. It was only through the Viking raids that the Nordic peoples came into touch with the rest of Europe, and were gradually converted to Christianity. Long after the introduction of the Christian faith they preserved many peculiar and archaic traits. Thus the Nordic peoples retained, with great tenacity and conservatism, their ancient judicial system. This system has therefore been the object of considerable interest even outside Scandinavia, although the manuscripts through which it has become known are much later than the corresponding documents of other Teutonic nations.An investigation of the localities where justice was dispensed in former ages is of importance not only for the history of civilization, but also as a complement to the study of oral and written tradition, and thus to the history of law itself. In view of the many points of similarity between the judicial systems of the various Teutonic nations, some notes on the Thing-steads, or places of assembly, in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, may perhaps be of interest to English-speaking readers.

Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Anthony Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
The Church

With Turkic and Tajik peoples to the north, Tajiks and Pashtuns in the west, ethnic Hazaras in the central highlands and the Pashtuns to the south and east, Afghanistan’s diversity stems from its history as a regional crossroads. Christianity began in Afghanistan in the fourth century and was later revived by missionaries in the frontier areas, but there was little concerted effort to spread the faith until after 1945, when the Pashtun monarchy sought to modernise Afghanistan. However, the Soviet invasion prompted fighters to repel the forces under the banner of Islam. Amidst a civil war, Christian NGO’s continued until expelled by the Taliban in 2001. The new government allowed Christian NGO’s to expand into new areas of the country. For the sake of believers’ security the most visible fellowships have been limited to foreigners. Most find it difficult to sustain everyday life in the country while openly professing Christianity due to ostracism from society. While Islam has been linked with Afghan identity, worldview has begun to change. Unfortunately, there has been an exodus of Afghan believers, usually after social and legal ostracism. Nevertheless, due to sacrifices by Afghan believers, the church is growing in numbers despite all the challenges.

Durrington Walls

Antiquity ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. S. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Nearest Point ◽  
Pass Through

Probably not one in ten thousand of those who pass through the middle of Durrington Walls is aware of its existence. Though plainly visible when once pointed out, the earthen ramparts have been so greatly altered by ploughing as to be hardly recognizable, and the reconstruction of their orginal form is a very pretty exercise in field-archaeologyThe walls consists of a round enclosure, cut into two unequal parts by the road from Amesbury to Netheravon (Wilts), about a mile and a half north of Amesbury, on the west bank of the Avon. Woodhenge is only eighty yards to the south, close to and on the west side of the same road. The earthwork differs fundamentally from the ordinary defensive ‘camp’, for it encloses, not a hill-top but a coombe or hollow, and it has its ditch inside, not outside, the rampart. In this latter respect it resembles the circles at Avebury and Marden in Wilts, Knowlton in Dorset, Thornborough in Yorkshire, and Arbour Low in Derbyshire; though there are points of difference. In size, Durrington Walls compares closely with Avebury, whose great earthen circle is slightly smaller in diameter; rom east to west the internal area of the Walls is 1300feet across, and from north to south about 1160 feet. (The average diameter at Avebury is 1130 feet). Both too are within easy reach of a stream, the Avon being IOO yards from the eastern entrance of the Walls, and the Kennet 330 yards from the nearest point of the great circle at Avebury. The enclosure at Marden actually touches the banks of the Avon at a point higher up in its course.

Ritual under Change: Mongolian Influences on Horse Races and Mountain Divinity Worship in Tibet

Inner Asia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Elke Studer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Horse Race ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe article outlines the Mongolian influences on the biggest horse race festival in Nagchu prefecture in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR).Since old times these horse races have been closely linked to the worship of the local mountain deity by the patrilineal nomadic clans of the South-Eastern Changthang, the North Tibetan plain. In the seventeenth century the West Mongol chieftain Güüshi Khan shaped the history of Tibet. To support his political claims, he enlarged the horse race festival's size and scale, and had his troops compete in the different horse race and archery competitions in Nagchu. Since then, the winners of the big race are celebrated side by side with the political achievements and claims of the central government in power.

Editing the first Journal of World History: global history from inside the kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
Gabriela Goldin Marcovich ◽  
Rahul Markovits
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
World History ◽  
Global History ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relational History

AbstractThis article offers the first study of the Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale, the Journal of World History published under the auspices of UNESCO from 1953 to 1972 as a by-product of the ‘History of mankind’ project. Drawing on material in the UNESCO archives, it delves into what Lucien Febvre, the first editor of the Cahiers, called his ‘kitchen’, in order to understand world history as a practice. Data on author origin and article subject matter point to the journal’s mitigated success in overcoming Eurocentrism. The article ultimately contends that the Cahiers was at once a laboratory that experimented with new forms of relational history, and a forum where the very nature of world history was discussed by scholars from around the world (mainly from the West, but also from the East and the South). It suggests that today’s epistemological discussion on global history might benefit from the reflection offered by this now largely forgotten experiment.

On the Problems of Karatepe: The Reliefs and their Context

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 115-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene J. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Northeast Corner

It is a good maxim that all controversial archaeological issues should be reviewed regularly in the light of new material and/or changing perspectives; and certainly one of the most controversial issues in the history of the early first millennium B.C. in the Near East has been the dating of the reliefs and inscriptions built into the two Citadel Gates at Karatepe.The site itself, set on the west bank of the Ceyhan River in the northeast corner of Cilicia, sits on a natural hill just south of a spur of the foothills that mark the beginning of the juncture of the Taurus and Amanus mountain ranges (cf. Maps, Figs. 2, 3). It was first discovered and explored in 1946 by a Turkish team, headed by H. Th. Bossert, investigating ancient road systems of the “Neo-Hittite” period. Active field seasons were initiated at Karatepe, along with soundings at the neighbouring site of Domuztepe on the opposite bank of the Ceyhan, and were continued through the mid-1950s, since which time restoration has been in process at Karatepe under the direction of Professor Halet Çambel of Istanbul University.

Naval Activity in the Days of Solomon and Rameses III

Antiquity ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 21 (82) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hornell
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Arabia ◽  
Water Borne

Ever since the beginning of recorded history, Ancient Egypt was dependent upon the goodwill of the Phoenician overlords of the mountain land of the Lebanon for supplies of timber in the long running lengths required for the construction of large ships, especially those intended for use on long voyages by sea ; fine timber was also in considerable demand for the making of the elaborate wooden sarcophagi of nobles and of members of the royal family as well as for furniture of superior quality. This lack of suitable native timber made the Egyptians late comers in sea-trading ; indeed, it restricted progress so seriously that their water-borne commerce was limited to traffic with Nubia and the South by way of the Nile waterway, to occasional expeditions down the Red Sea to Southern Arabia and to Somaliland (Punt) and to short coasting trips to Phoenicia to buy timber logs and to the coasts of the Sinai Peninsula in search of copper.

scholarly journals Североафриканский фронтир: беджа и их соседи: North African Frontier: Bija and their neighbors

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Pylypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
North African ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Violent Conflicts

This paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arabs.

scholarly journals Religionswissenschaft as Colonialist Discourse: The Case of Rudolf Otto

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Essential Nature ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rudolf Otto

The dominant approach to the study of religion known as the phenomenology of religion's core assumption was that underlying the multiplicity of historical and geographically dispersed religions was an ultimately metaphysical, trans-historical substratum, called 'man', Geist, or 'consciousness'. This transhistorical substratum is an expressive agent with a uniform, essential nature. By reading the data of religion as its 'expressions', it is possible to sympathetically understand their meaning. Geist, or 'man', then, is both a philosophy of history and i hermeneutical theory. It also forms a systematic set of representations, which replicate the structure of the asymmetrical relations between Europeans and those colonized by Europeans. The metanarrative of Geist is a narrative of the supremacy - their term, not mine - of white, Christian Europe over black, 'primitive' Africal and 'despotic' Asia. Spirit moves from the South to the North; away from the East to the West. This paper locates Rudolf Otto's work within the structure and history of phenomenological discourse and argues that the science of religion as described there conforms nearly perfectly to the structures of colonial discourse as this has been discussed and analyzed by theorists such as Jaques Derrida and Edward Said.

The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico De Romanis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
South India ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
South Indian ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Commercial Relationships

This book offers an interpretation of the two fragmentary texts of the P. Vindobonensis G 40822, now widely referred to as the Muziris papyrus. Without these two texts, there would be no knowledge of the Indo-Roman trade practices. The book also compares and contrasts the texts of the Muziris papyrus with other documents pertinent to Indo-Mediterranean (or Indo-European) trade in ancient, medieval, and early modern times. These other documents reveal the commercial and political geography of ancient South India; the sailing schedule and the size of the ships plying the South India sea route; the commodities exchanged in the South Indian emporia; and the taxes imposed on the Indian commodities en route from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. When viewed against the twin backdrops of ancient sources on South Indian trade and of medieval and early modern documents on pepper commerce, the two texts become foundational resources for the history of commercial relationships between South India and the West.

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