Empirical Acidity Functions for Strongly Basic Solutions in the Binary Solvent: Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide

1973 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orland W. Kolling
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Acidity Functions

Acidity Functions for Strongly Basic Solutions

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Acidity Functions

Empirical Parameters of Lewis Basicity of Binary Solvent Mixtures, Part II Mixtures with Water

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr K. Wrona ◽  
Tadeusz M. Krygowski ◽  
Urszula Zielkowska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Probe Molecule ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Binary Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Solvent Water

The Kamlet and Taft basicity parameters βKT, for twelve mixtures of organic solvents with water are reported. Also the data for water-butanols (n-BuOH. i-BuOH. and s-BuOH) and alcohols (MeOH, EtOH. n-PrOH. and i-PrOH)-n-hexane mixtures are given. It was found that in the case of mixtures of 1.4-dioxane. acetone, tetrahydrofuran. dimethylsulfoxide. and acetonitrile with water, the basicity parameters of the mixture are higher than that of pure solvents in a region of smaller concentrations of water.These results, together with earlier reported results for THF and Et2O mixtures with MeOH are discussed in terms of breaking off the structure of the more structurized solvent (water and MeOH). All these mixtures, except the W-THF mixture, show the excess thermodynamic func­tions (ΔHE and ΔSh) analogous to MeOH-CCl4 mixtures, where depolymerization of MeOH clusters was postulated.Relativity of different basicity scales in respect to the acidic probe molecule is also shortly discussed

Reactions in mixed non-aqueous systems containing sulfur dioxide. V. The formation of metal sulfur oxyanion compounds by the electrolytic solution of metals

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
NK Graham ◽  
JB Gill ◽  
DC Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Electrolytic Solution ◽  
Solvent Parameters

The metals Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni and Sn dissolve electrolytically in the binary solvent system dimethyl sulfoxide-sulfur dioxide, forming metal disulfates; W forms sulfate. The metals dissolve electrolytically in other binary systems containing sulfur dioxide, forming mixtures of sulfur oxyanions. The importance of solvent parameters in metal reactivity is discussed, together with the mechanism of the reactions.

scholarly journals Cellulose Dissolution in Mixtures of Ionic Liquids and Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Importance of Temperature and Composition of the Binary Solvent

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5975
Author(s):  
Marcella T. Dignani ◽  
Thaís A. Bioni ◽  
Thiago R. L. C. Paixão ◽  
Omar A. El Seoud
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Cellulose Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

We studied the dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the ionic liquids: allylbenzyldimethylammonium acetate; 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate; 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene-8-ium acetate; tetramethylguanidinium acetate. Using chemometrics, we determined the dependence of the mass fraction (in %) of dissolved cellulose (MCC-m%) on the temperature, T = 40, 60, and 80 °C, and the mole fraction of DMSO, χDMSO = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. We derived equations that quantified the dependence of MCC-m% on T and χDMSO. Cellulose dissolution increased as a function of increasing both variables; the contribution of χDMSO was larger than that of T in some cases. Solvent empirical polarity was qualitatively employed to rationalize the cellulose dissolution efficiency of the solvent. Using the solvatochromic probe 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate (WB), we calculated the empirical polarity ET(WB) of cellobiose (a model for MCC) in ionic liquid (IL)–DMSO mixtures. The ET(WB) correlated perfectly with T (fixed χDMSO) and with χDMSO (fixed T). These results show that there is ground for using medium empirical polarity to assess cellulose dissolution efficiency. We calculated values of MCC-m% under conditions other than those employed to generate the statistical model and determined the corresponding MCC-m% experimentally. The excellent agreement between both values shows the robustness of the statistical model and the usefulness of our approach to predict cellulose dissolution, thus saving time, labor, and material.

scholarly journals The mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation of lenvatinib mesylate from dimethyl sulfoxide solvate to form D

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zheng ◽  
Baohong Hou ◽  
Xiaowei Cheng ◽  
Wanying Liu ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this work, the mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation of lenvatinib mesylate (LM) was investigated. Two new solid forms of LM, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvate and an unsolvated form defined as form D, were discovered and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. To investigate the thermodynamic mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation (SMDT) from LM DMSO solvate to form D, solubilities of LM DMSO solvate and form D in binary solvent mixtures of DMSO and water at different water volume fractions and temperatures (293.15–323.15 K) were measured and correlated by non-random two liquids model. The solubility data were used to evaluate the thermodynamic driving force of the SMDT process from DMSO solvate to form D and the effect of the activities of water and DMSO on the transformation process. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor in situ the solid phase compositions during the SMDT process from LM DMSO solvate to form D while the solution concentration was measured by the gravimetric method. The overall desolvation transformation experiments demonstrated that the SMDT process was controlled by the nucleation and growth of form D. Moreover, effects of operating factors on the SMDT process were studied and the results illustrated that water activity in solution was the paramount parameter in the SMDT process. Finally, a new SMDT mechanism was suggested and discussed.

Solubility and dielectric properties of benzoic acid in a binary solvent: Water-ethylene glycol

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yurquina ◽  
M.E. Manzur ◽  
P. Brito ◽  
R. Manzo ◽  
M.A.A. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Water

Reactivity of proton and general acid with 1,3-bis-(4-methylphenyl)triazene in aqueous methanol

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2701-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Taťjana Nevěčná ◽  
Jaromír Kaválek
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Transition State ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
General Acid ◽  
Activated Complex

The effect of concentration of benzoic acid and composition of the binary solvent water-methanol on the rate of decomposition of 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)triazene has been studied. It has been found that both general acid catalysis by undissociated benzoic acid and catalysis by the proton are significant. The rate constant kHA of general acid catalysis decreases monotonously with decreasing amount of water in the mixture due to preferred solvation of the activated complex as compared with the educts. The rate constant kH of the catalysis by proton in its dependence on methanol concentration exhibits a minimum for 80% (by wt.) of methanol in the mixture. This phenomenon is caused by formation of the conjugated acid from more basic methanol and proton with simultaneous solvation by water and methanol; the particle thus formed is a weaker acid as compared with the complexes existing in water or in methanol. The kH value is higher in methanol than in water due to preferred solvation of the educts as compared with that of the transition state.

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