Arbetstidens bestämning på marknaden. (The Determination of Hours of Work in the Labour Market)

1961 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Yngve Åberg ◽  
Yngve Aberg
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Hours Of Work

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

Determination of Optimum Instances and Duration of Rest Periods for Strenuous Manual Work

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Dileep R. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Rest Breaks

Since the beginning of recorded history, man has been concerned about work-rest cycles. Studies of industrial fatigue date back to 1893 when the hours of work were reduced from 54 to 48 hours a week. Further reductions have brought us to a 40-hour work week with five days of work and two days of rest. Management recognizes the value of rest breaks and normally provides these in accordance with the type labor performed and environmental conditions.

Labour Market Segmentation: Standard and Non-Standard Employment in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Garz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Labour Market Segmentation ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel provide insight into the relationship between standard and non-standard work, from the perspective of dual labour market theory. We identify two segments that largely correspond to the common distinction between these forms of employment and find substantial differences in the determination of wages, as well as the composition of worker and job characteristics. These differences tend to increase after the Hartz reforms. The estimates also indicate the existence of a primary sector wage premium and job rationing, as well as specific patterns of labour mobility due to (partly non-economic) barriers between segments.

scholarly journals Spousal effects on wages, labour supply and household production in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Orkoh ◽  
Phillip F. Blaauw ◽  
Carike Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Production ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hours Of Work

Background: The relationship between spousal wages and hours of work, including the phenomenon of a spousal premium or penalty, is well documented in the literature. However, there is limited information on the situation in developing countries where labour market rigidities and cultural norms are factors in the division of labour between husbands and wives.Aim: This article addresses the research gap by analysing spousal wages among couples and the cross-wage effect of spousal time allocation.Setting: Households in Ghana, where sociocultural norms largely influence the role of men and women constituted the context of the study.Methods: The instrumental variable Tobit estimation regression was used to analyse pooled data from three Ghana Living Standard Surveys.Results: The results reveal elements of a working spousal wage premium (due to positive selection rather than specialisation) for both men and women regardless of their ethnic affiliations. The analysis of the effect of wage on spousal hours of work also suggested complementarity in employment and household labour decisions between couples.Conclusion: Men’s and women’s participation in household production significantly improves each other’s labour market participation and labour supply. These results corroborate the evidence of a wage premium in the literature. We recommend that government should promote equitable wage rates in the labour market and prioritise policies such as paternal leave which could encourage men to participate in household production and indirectly promote women’s labour force participation.

scholarly journals Features of the labour market in the context of European diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Chlebisz Adam ◽  
Mierzejewski Mateusz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract The article presents selected relationships between satisfaction with the financial situation and belonging of the state to the former socialist bloc, and selected labour market factors. Pearson's correlation coefficient, LOG and LOGIT modelling were used to show the European differentiation with labour market factors such as exposure to risk factors, work-related health problems, working in the evenings, number of usual weekly hours of work, employment rates, working at nights, working on Saturdays and long-term unemployment. Key in the differentiation of two groups of countries were the number of usual weekly hours of work, working at nights and working in the evenings. Further analysis of variables enabled the indication of factors such as long-term unemployment, the number of usual weekly hours of work and work-related health problems as determining the level of satisfaction with the financial situation in the countries studied.

Wage gains in Japan will be slow in coming

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Japanese Companies ◽  
Company Unions ◽  
Push Up

Subject Annual wage negotiations in Japan. Significance Japanese companies are preparing for their late January labour negotiations that will culminate with the annual 'spring wage offensive' (shunto) from March to June. Company unions, labour federations and employers’ organisations join in this coordination effort to set wages for the following year. For the past four years, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the Keidanren business federation have called for larger wage increases to stimulate economic demand. Impacts Company profits, rising until the last two quarters, will be the driving factor in wage gains. A tighter labour market will eventually push up wages. The labour market remains weak when measured by the number of available hours of work, so wages will rise slowly.

scholarly journals Models of unionism and unemployment

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Checchi ◽  
Luca Nunziata
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the problem of simultaneous determination of labour market institutions and outcomes in single equation multi-country estimations by presenting an empirical analysis of unemployment and union density in 20 OECD countries. When explicitly modelling potential endogeneity and heterogeneity, our results suggest that unions contribute to explaining unemployment in different ways than previously thought. In addition, the relationship between unemployment and union density is heterogeneous across countries, depending on the way in which income support for the unemployed is organized.

scholarly journals KEY COMPETENCES OF FUTURE GARMENT WORKERS: THE OFFER AND DEMAND IN THE LABOUR MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Halyna Odnoroh
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Key Competences

Relevance: State standards for professional (vocational) education of such professions as "seamstress", "dressmaker", "cutter" reveal the content of essential professional competences of these professions, as well as list general (key) competences common to all three professions. They have led to the need to identify a separate list of key competences required by employers of garment enterprises for each profession. Aim: analysis, comparison and generalization of the offer and demand for key competences of garment workers in the Ukrainian labour market; determination of personal qualities, demanded by modern employers of Ukrainian garment enterprises for such professions as "seamstress", "dressmaker", "cutter". Methods: the paper has analyzed, compared and summarized 270 vacancies and 344 curricula vitae available on Ukrainian and international job search websites to determine the level of needs of Ukrainian employers in the garment industry for garment workers with key competences (www.work.ua, www.hh.ua, www.rabota.ua). Results. The paper clarifies the statistical needs of employers of Ukrainian garment enterprises for seamstresses, dressmakers and cutters with key competences. It compares the offer and demand for garment workers and proves that they cannot adequately meet the needs of modern employers due to insufficient levels of their key competences. It highlights that dressmakers and cutters are the more in-demand workers with key competences and should work in the field of public services or a single production... Conclusions: the paper proves the interdependence between the need for well-developed personal qualities of skilled workers and types of profession and production. It reveals the role of garment workers' key competences in developing personal qualities required by Ukrainian garment enterprises for such professions as "seamstress", "dressmaker" and "cutter", as well as the connection between key and professional competences.  

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