scholarly journals Models of unionism and unemployment

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Checchi ◽  
Luca Nunziata
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the problem of simultaneous determination of labour market institutions and outcomes in single equation multi-country estimations by presenting an empirical analysis of unemployment and union density in 20 OECD countries. When explicitly modelling potential endogeneity and heterogeneity, our results suggest that unions contribute to explaining unemployment in different ways than previously thought. In addition, the relationship between unemployment and union density is heterogeneous across countries, depending on the way in which income support for the unemployed is organized.

Income support policies and labour market reforms under austerity in Greece

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manos Matsaganis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Constructive Engagement ◽  
The Unemployed

This chapter reviews the changes in labour market policies under conditions of harsh austerity and mass unemployment in Greece in 2010-2015. Three policy areas are covered: income support to the unemployed, active labour market policies, and employment protection legislation. We find that labour market policies in Greece have failed to rise to the challenge of harsh austerity and mass unemployment. A legacy of backwardness, neglect, and general lack of sophistication proved difficult if not impossible to overturn under the emergency conditions prevailing since 2010. Moreover, as regards the less controversial aspects of the structural reforms demanded by the country’s creditors under the bailout agreements (for instance, supporting job creation, upgrading the Public Employment Service, and improving the absorption, as well as the effectiveness of EU funding), the domestic actors’ preferred approach of passively adjusting to European funding opportunities, rather than genuinely puzzling for solutions, left no room for a more constructive engagement. The adverse effects of the resulting handicap are there for all to see.

Labour Market Segmentation: Standard and Non-Standard Employment in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Garz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Labour Market Segmentation ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel provide insight into the relationship between standard and non-standard work, from the perspective of dual labour market theory. We identify two segments that largely correspond to the common distinction between these forms of employment and find substantial differences in the determination of wages, as well as the composition of worker and job characteristics. These differences tend to increase after the Hartz reforms. The estimates also indicate the existence of a primary sector wage premium and job rationing, as well as specific patterns of labour mobility due to (partly non-economic) barriers between segments.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Nine Active Compounds of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and Analysis of the Relationship between Therapeutical Effect and Compatibility of Medicines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwei Zhu ◽  
Guijun Zhang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jingjuan Wang ◽  
Weixin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

A simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of nine compounds including oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang (SGT) and we analyze the relationship between therapeutical effect and compatibility of medicines by using an Agilent extend-C18 column at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C and the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm for oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizic acid; 276 nm for liquiritin and liquiritigenin; 360 nm for isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. The total contents of the nine compounds in SGT varied from 4.65 to 20.06 mg/mL. The results of this study showed that the content of chemical compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines and the therapeutical effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines. The method could be suitable for quality control of SGT with bioactive multicompounds.

scholarly journals Theorizing the Relationship Between Social Law and Markets in Regional Integration Projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-455
Author(s):  
Diamond Ashiagbor
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Sociology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores regional integration projects in the global South and constraints upon them, in particular the social dislocations caused by global and European trade policies, and the response of states in the South to the institutional design of the global trade regime. Its focus is on the use of economic sociology of law as a methodological approach through which to rethink the relationship between law, markets and state – and to explore how these interact in the context of one regionalization project (the European Union (EU)) as well as interrogating whether economic sociology can similarly cast light on another regionalization project (the African Union (AU)). The rise of the market as the ‘metric of the rationality of law and policy’ challenges labour market institutions, especially in the context of cross-national market integration projects (namely the EU and the AU) of which a core raison d’être is that labour is commodified as one of the factors of production. The article examines the role of the ‘social state’ and of labour market institutions as part of an array of adjustment mechanisms responding to the liberalization of trade and the opening of national borders: to what extent can social law and social rights mediate the operation of markets, and what does this mean when viewed from the perspective of developing as well as industrialized countries?

The Interindustry Structure of Unionism, Earnings, and Earnings Dispersion

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry T. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Earnings Distributions ◽  
Earnings Dispersion ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between unionism and earnings dispersion within U.S. manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. The author hypothesizes not only that unionism narrows earnings dispersion, as others have shown, but also that the dispersion in earnings, reflecting the degree of worker homogeneity, influences the level of unionism. Estimation of a three-equation model, using 1970 three-digit industry data, provides evidence regarding the simultaneous determination of unionism, earnings, and earnings dispersion within U.S. industries. The estimated equalizing effects of unionism on within-industry earnings distributions are found to be significant both in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors, the size of these estimates increasing after accounting for simultaneity. In addition, the dispersion in earnings does appear to affect the level of unionism, although the evidence on this point is ambiguous.

scholarly journals KLASYFIKACJA ŚRODKÓW PRAWNYCH PRZECIWDZIAŁANIA BEZROBOCIU – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ewa Staszewska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
New Jobs

CLASSIFICATION OF LEGAL MEASURES TO COUNTERACT UNEMPLOYMENT: SELECTED ASPECTSSummary In order to effectively counteract unemployment the state needs to adopt and pursue an appropriate policy. The law is obviously one of the instruments which the state can use to curb unemployment. In particular, labour law regulations serve as an institutional and legal framework used by the state to achieve its goals within the area of fighting unemployment. The present article focuses on the classification of legal measures of counteracting unemployment as defined by the Polish Act of 20th April 2004 on the Promotion of Employment and Labour Market Institutions. The author defines two areas of fighting unemployment. The first area comprises measures taken by the state to assist the unemployed in finding new jobs and help them to adapt to the requirements of the labour market. The second area includes the state’s actions to create new jobs and the occupational activation of the unemployed. The author emphasises the fact that certain measures for counteracting unemployment are addressed specifically to groups whose social and demographic status puts them at greater risk of unemployment.

scholarly journals Differences in unemployment among persons in a special situation on the labour market on the example of Polish provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Anna Murawska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Favourable Situation

The unemployment level in a region and economic activity on the labour market are considered the most important determinants of individuals’ standard of living. The article aims to assess regional differences in indicators characterising the situation on the labour market depending on the selected social and demographic features of the unemployed. In order to achieve this objective, information from secondary sources, primarily statistical yearbooks and other source materials, was used. General data relating to Poland and sixteen provinces was analysed. The assessment of regional differences and the relationship between them used basic indices and ratios in the form of numerical evaluation. Coefficients of intensity, structure, variation and correlation were calculated. Differences in the level of unemployment in Polish provinces depend on such factors as place of residence, age, sex, level of education of the unemployed, seniority and duration of unemployment. Residents of provinces with a favourable situation on the labour market have a notably higher income and standard of living.

Social Assistance and Dependency in South Africa: An Analysis of Attitudes to Paid Work and Social Grants

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA SURENDER ◽  
MICHAEL NOBLE ◽  
GEMMA WRIGHT ◽  
PHAKAMA NTSHONGWANA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDespite the absence of an unemployment grant in South Africa, there is growing concern that other social assistance provision might nevertheless weaken work motivation and create a ‘dependency culture’. This study explores attitudes about the relationship between grant receipt and paid employment in South Africa. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, it examines whether there is evidence of a ‘dependency culture’, the nature and strength of labour market attachment among grant recipients, and the opportunities and barriers to employment they face.We found that both those in and out of work placed a high value on paid employment. Joblessness had not become ‘normalised’, and all categories of the workless were extremely motivated to get work. Grant recipients did not subscribe to a distinctive culture but to mainstream values and aspirations. While some benefit claimants subscribed to popularly promoted prejudices about other social assistance claimants, our findings appear to counter recent concerns about potential unintended effects of the current grant system. The key factors in reducing people's chances of finding employment seem linked to the structural conditions of the labour market and the wider economy rather than the motivational characteristics of the unemployed and the arrangements of the grant system.

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