Violent Crime and Alcohol Availability: Relationships in an Urban Community

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Speer ◽  
D. M. Gorman ◽  
Erich W. Labouvie ◽  
Mark J. Ontkush
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Alcohol Availability

Beer Joints and Badasses: An Aggregate-Level Assessment of Alcohol Availability and Violent Crime

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 465-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Cochran ◽  
Kenneth Rowan ◽  
William R. Blount ◽  
Kathleen Heide ◽  
Christine S. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Alcohol Availability

The Effect of Alcohol Availability on Violent Crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Ria Kwon ◽  
◽  
Young-jeon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Alcohol Availability

Spatial dynamics of alcohol availability, neighborhood structure and violent crime.

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Gorman ◽  
P W Speer ◽  
P J Gruenewald ◽  
E W Labouvie
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Neighborhood Structure ◽  
Alcohol Availability

scholarly journals Exploring Spatial Associations between On-Sale Alcohol Availability, Neighborhood Population Characteristics, and Violent Crime in a Geographically Isolated City

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daikwon Han ◽  
Dennis M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Global Regression ◽  
Geographically Isolated

Objectives. Despite the increasing evidence of the associations between alcohol availability and violence, there are still inconsistent findings on the effects of on- and off-sale alcohol outlets on violent crime. The aim of this study was to examine spatial associations between on-sale alcohol availability, neighborhood characteristics, and violent crime in a geographically isolated city in Texas.Methods. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and global regression models were employed to analyze the nature of the spatial relationship between violent crime, neighborhood sociocultural characteristics, and on-sale alcohol environment.Results. We found strong effects of neighborhood characteristics combined with on-sale alcohol availability on violence outcomes. Several neighborhood variables combined with alcohol availability explained about 63% of the variability in violence. An additional 7% was explained by the GWR model, while spatially nonstationary associations between violence and some predictor variables were observed.Conclusions. This study provided more credible evidence of the influence of on-sale alcohol outlets on violence in a unique setting. These findings have important policy implications in addressing the question of public health consequences of alcohol-related violence in local contexts.

scholarly journals The role of deprivation and alcohol availability in shaping trends in violent crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110360
Author(s):  
Carly Lightowlers ◽  
Jose Pina-Sánchez ◽  
Fiona McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Licensed Premises ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
The Impact

It is well known that both deprivation and alcohol availability are associated with violent crime. However, less is known about whether the former moderates the latter. Pioneering the linkage of novel alcohol availability measures derived from consumer data with police data and an index of deprivation, we examine inequalities in violent crime across small-level geography (LSOAs) for the whole of England. Our findings confirmed a recent upward trend in recorded violent crime in England between 2011 and 2018 and substantial between-area variability in recorded violent crime, as well as an increase in violent crime inequality across LSOAs during the period of analysis. Violent crime was higher in areas with increased deprivation and alcohol availability, especially in the form of on-licensed premises. On-licence availability, in the form of pubs, bars and nightclubs, explained variability in recorded violent crime more so when compared with off-licence availability. A positive interaction effect between alcohol availability (in the form of on-licensed premises) and deprivation showed how deprivation amplified the impact of alcohol availability, with more deprived areas having a stronger impact of on-licence availability on violent crime. Deprivation is thus an important contextual factor when considering rates and the social ecology of violence. Our findings suggest a need to respond to the disproportionate impact of violence on areas with higher levels of deprivation and availability of on-licensed premises.

ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY AND VIOLENT CRIME RATES: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Costanza ◽  
William B. Bankston ◽  
Edward Shihadeh
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Alcohol Availability

scholarly journals Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE): a comprehensive record-linked database study in Wales

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fone ◽  
Jennifer Morgan ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Scott Orford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundExcess alcohol consumption has serious adverse effects on health and results in violence-related harm.ObjectiveThis study investigated the impact of change in community alcohol availability on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms to health, assessing the effect of population migration and small-area deprivation.DesignA natural experiment of change in alcohol outlet density between 2006 and 2011 measured at census Lower Layer Super Output Area level using observational record-linked data.SettingWales, UK; population of 2.5 million aged ≥ 16 years.Outcome measuresAlcohol consumption, alcohol-related hospital admissions, accident and emergency (A&E) department attendances from midnight to 06.00 and violent crime against the person.Data sourcesLicensing Act 2003 [Great Britain.Licensing Act 2003. London: The Stationery Office; 2003. URL:www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/17/contents(accessed 8 June 2015)] data on alcohol outlets held by the 22 local authorities in Wales, alcohol consumption data from annual Welsh Health Surveys 2008–12, hospital admission data 2006–11 from the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and A&E attendance data 2009–11 were anonymously record linked to the Welsh Demographic Service age–sex register within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. A final data source was recorded crime 2008–11 from the four police forces in Wales.MethodsOutlet density was estimated (1) as the number of outlets per capita for the 2006 static population and the per quarterly updated population to assess the impact of population migration and (2) using new methods of network analysis of distances between each household and alcohol outlets within 10 minutes of walking and driving. Alcohol availability was measured by three variables: (1) the previous quarterly value; (2) positive and negative change over the preceding five quarters; and (3) volatility, a measure of absolute quarterly changes during the preceding five quarters. Longitudinal statistical analysis used multilevel Poisson models of consumption and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) spatial models of binge drinking, Cox regression models of hospital admissions and A&E attendance and GWR models of violent crime against the person, each as a function of alcohol availability adjusting for confounding variables. The impact on health inequalities was investigated by stratifying models within quintiles of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsThe main finding was that change in walking outlet density was associated with alcohol-related harms: consumption, hospital admissions and violent crime against the person each tracked the quarterly changes in outlet density. Alcohol-related A&E attendances were not clinically coded and the association was less conclusive. In general, social deprivation was strongly associated with the outcome measures but did not substantially modify the associations between the outcomes and alcohol availability. We found no evidence for an important effect of population migration.LimitationsLimitations included the absence of any standardised methods of alcohol outlet data collation, processing and validation, and incomplete data on on-sales and off-sales. We were dependent on the quality of clinical coding and administrative records and could not identify alcohol-related attendances in the A&E data set.ConclusionThis complex interdisciplinary study found that important alcohol-related harms were associated with change in alcohol outlet density. Future work recommendations include defining a research standard for recording outlet data and classification of outlet type, the methodological development of residence-based density measures and a health economic analysis of model-predicted harms.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme. Additional technical and computing support was provided by the Farr Institute at Swansea University, made possible by the following grant:Centre for the Improvement of Population Health through E-records Research (CIPHER) and Farr Institute capital enhancement. CIPHER and the Farr Institute are funded by Arthritis Research UK, the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Chief Scientist Office (Scottish Government Health Directorates), the Economic and Social Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, the National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (Welsh Government) and the Wellcome Trust (grant reference MR/K006525/1).

Social capital and violent crime rates across U. S. Communities

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Messner ◽  
Eric P. Baumer ◽  
Richard Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rates
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