Thomas Hooker—Puritanism and Democratic Citizenship

1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
George Bancroft

In a special advertising supplement to the New York Times (May 6, 1962) the State of Connecticut sponsored an old claim: “The world's first written constitution, creating government by consent of the governed, appeared in Connecticut in 1639.” The diverse implications of this venerable assertion and their relation to the Rev. Thomas Hooker are the subject of the present essay. Intimations that Hooker deserved remembrance as a champion of liberty date at least to William Hubbard's General History of New England, written in the 1670's. But full-blown theories came after 1776, and especially after Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull's discovery in 1860 of a remarkable notebook of sermon notes taken down in cipher between April, 1638, and April, 1641, by Henry Wolcott, Jr. of Windsor. Herein was found an outline of Hooker's now famous sermon to the Connecticut Court on May 31, 1638, as that body began its historic deliberations on a “Frame of Government.” George Bancroft would reflect the impact of this find in the revised edition of his widely read History of the United States. He saw in Hooker's pronouncements the “seed” whence flowered the “first of the series of written American constitutions.” Paraphrasing Ezekiel Roger's epitaph, Bancroft refers to Hooker as “the one rich pearl with which Europe more than repaid America for the treasures from her coast.” John Fiske in his work on The Beginnings of New England (1889) would claim even more stridently that Thomas Hooker “deserves more than any other man to be called the father [of American democracy].” George Leon Walker accepted Fiske's judgment and subtitled his biography “Preacher, Founder, Democrat.”

scholarly journals Book Reviews

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
James Hantula ◽  
Ronald E. Butchart ◽  
Louis Y. Van Dyke ◽  
Juan Ramón García ◽  
George Kirchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
World War I ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Harold C. Livesay. Samuel Gompers and Organized Labor in America. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1978. Pp. x, 195. Paper, $8.95. Review by Frank J. Rader of SUNY Empire State College. Leroy Ostransky. Jazz City: The Impact of our Cities on the Development of Jazz. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, Inc., 1978. Pp. 274. Cloth, $10.95; paper, $5.95. Review by Barbara L. Yolleck of Columbia University and Rutgers University. Melvyn Dubofsky, Athan Theoharis, and Daniel M. Smith. The United States in the Twentieth Century. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978. Pp. xiv, 545. Paper, $13.95. Review by Eckard V. Toy, Jr. of the University of Oregon. Jack Bass and Walter DeVries. The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945. New York: Meridian, 1976. Pp. xi, 531. Paper, $5.95. Review by James L. Forsythe of Fort Hays State University. Allan R. Millett, ed. A Short History of the Vietnam War. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978. Pp. xx, 169. Cloth, $12.50; paper, $3.95. Review by Frank Burdick of SUNY College at Cortland. Barbara Mayer Wertheimer. We Were There: The Story of Working Women in America. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977. Pp. xii, 427. Paper, $6.95. Review by Sandra C. Taylor of the University of Utah. Patricia Branca. Women in Europe Since 1750. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978. Pp. 223. Cloth, $17.95. Review by Dana Greene of St. Mary's College of Maryland. Michael Anderson. The Family and Industrialization in Western Europe. The Forum Series. St. Louis: Forum Press, 1978. Pp. 16. $1.45; Daniel R. Browner. Russia and the West: The Origins of the Russian Revolution. The Forum Series. St. Louis: Forum Press, 1975. Pp. 16. $1.45; David F. Trask. Woodrow Wilson and World War I. The Forum Series. St. Louis: Forum Press, 1975. Pp. 16. $1.45; Michael Adas. European Imperialism in Asia. The Forum Series. St. Louis: Forum Press, 1974. Pp. 16. $1.45. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Deno J. Geanakoplos. Medieval Western Civilization and the Byzantine and Islamic Worlds. Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Co., 1979. Pp. xii, 513. Cloth, $12.95. Review by Delno C. West of Northern Arizona University. Edward Crankshaw. The Shadow of the Winter Palace: The Drift to Revolution, 1825-1917. New York: Penguin Books, 1978. Pp. 509. Paper, $3.95. Review by George Kirchmann of John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Samuel H. Mayo. A History of Mexico: From Pre-Columbia to Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978. Pp. xi, 454. Paper, $9.95. Review by Juan Ramón García of the University of Michigan-Flint. By What Standard? A Response to Ronald E. Butchart by Louis Y. Van Dyke- Response by Ronald E. Butchart. Textbooks and the New York Times American History Examination. Review by James Hantula of the University of Northern Iowa.

scholarly journals Political News Discourse Analysis Based on an Attitudinal Perspective of the Appraisal Theory—Taking the New York Times’ Report China-DPRK Relations as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiu Jin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North Korea ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship among China, the United States and North Korea has already been a focus of international politics. From June 19 to 20, North Korea leader Kim Jong-un ended his third visit to China within 100 days. This is also his three consecutive visits to China since he took office in December 2011. The high density and frequency are not only rare in the history of China-DPRK relations, but also seem to be unique in the history of international relations, indicating that China-DPRK relations are welcoming new era. This paper selects the New York Times’ report on China-DPRK relations as an example, which is based on an attitudinal perspective of the appraisal theory to analyze American attitudes toward China. Attitudes are positive and negative, explicit and implicit. Whether the attitude is good or not depends on the linguistic meaning of expressing attitude. The meaning of language is positive, and the attitude of expression is positive; the meaning of language is negative, and the attitude of expression is negative. The study found that most of the attitude resources are affect (which are always negative affect), which are mainly realized through such means as lexical, syntactical and rhetorical strategies implicitly or explicitly. All these negative evaluations not only help construct a discourse mode for building the bad image of China but also are not good to China-DPRK relations. The United States wants to tarnish image of China and destroy the relationship between China and North Korea by its political news discourse.

The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-382
Author(s):  
Cristina Altman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

Summary When mention is made of Brazil in connection with American linguistics, it usually amounts to a reference to the Linguistic Circle of New York, where Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) and Claude Lévi-Strauss (b.1908), who had come from Brazil where he had done ethnological work, met and exchanged ideas. This singular event has cast a shadow on other contacts between Brazil and American linguistics, of which, the one between Jakobson and the Brazilian linguist Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) was much more consequential, at least as far as the implementation of structural linguistics in Brazil and in South America generally during the 1950s and the 1960s is concerned. Mattoso Câmara came to the United States and spent most of his time in New York City (September 1943 till April 1944), where he got exposure to Praguean type structuralism, notably through Jakobson’s lectures he attended at Columbia University and at the École Libre of New York, which had been established by European refugees at the time. He also participated in the first meetings of the Linguistic Circle of New York in 1943 as one of its co-founders. Following his return to Rio de Janeiro, Mattoso Câmara proposed, in 1949, as his doctoral thesis a phonemic description of Brazilian Portuguese. The work was published a few years later, in 1953. His most influential work, Princípios de Lingüística Gerai, first published in 1954, had two more revised and updated editions (1958, 1967) and served to introduce several generations of Brazilian as well as other South American students to structural linguistics during the 1950s and 1960s.

The Language of Conflict in the Focus of Quantitative Content Analysis of the USA Press Reports (on the Example of New York Times Article Archive for the Period from 1851 to 2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
M. Chekunova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

The presented article tests the application of the method of quantitative content analysis to identify the spread of confrontational tendencies in the public consciousness. It proves the broad possibilities of monitoring and forecasting conflicts in society on the basis of it. The source base of the study was the archives of the New York Times newspaper for the period from 1851 to 2019. The author calculated the number of used indicative conflict-containing lexemes, the integrated dynamics of which expresses the coefficient of confrontation. The coefficient of confrontation correlates with the dynamics of conflicts in the history of the United States and the world, explanations of the increase and decrease of the corresponding indicators are given. The maximum phases of the confrontation coefficient fall on the period of the Second World War and the modern period. Modern maximization is viewed as a significant threat to the security of Russian society.

From Afghanistan to Chechnya: News Coverage by Izvestia and the New York Times

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Malinkina ◽  
Douglas M. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Media System ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed newspaper coverage of conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya by the New York Times and the Russian newspaper Izvestia to examine the impact of political change on news coverage. The Soviet Union's dissolution included dramatic changes to the Russian media system. In addition, the dissipation of the Cold War changed the foreign policy of the United States. A content analysis revealed that the changes to the media system in Russia had a profound impact on Izvestia's coverage, but political changes had little impact on the New York Times' coverage.

Valentin de Foronda’s Memoir on the United States of North America, 1804

1948 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Onís
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
New York Public Library ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One

In the Rich Collection of the New York Public Library there is a manuscript, Apuntes ligeros sobre los Estados Unidos de la América Septentrional, in which a Spanish diplomat and author, Valentín de Foronda, gives his impressions about the United States of America.We cannot say with certainty what the history of this manuscript is, but from the few scattered facts which we have we can come to certain conclusions. At the time when it was written, in 1804, there must have been more than one copy. The perfection of the manuscript and the fact that ft is not in Foronda’s handwriting, tends to indicate that it was recopied several times. It is probable that there were at least three sets of copies. The original he must have kept for himself. One, in all likelihood was given to his immediate superior, who at that time was Casa Irujo. A third set might have been sent to the Spanish Minister of State. It is my belief that the manuscript that has come down to us is the one he gave to the Ambassador Casa Irujo. The reason on which I base this, is that twenty years later, long after Foronda and Casa Irujo had died, Mrs. Casa Irujo became a personal friend of Obadiah Rich, the bibliographer, and used to be a frequent guest at his house in Madrid. Rich obtained the manuscript about this time and it is very probable that he got it from her. Where the other hypothetical copies are would be difficult to say. The set sent to the Spanish Minister of State must be buried in some Spanish archive. The other one which he kept for himself was more than likely confiscated by the Spanish authorities, along with his other papers, and was probably destroyed during Foronda’s trial of 1814.

The Architecture of Jewish Identity: The Neo-Islamic Central Synagogue of New York

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bush
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this essay, I study the neo-Islamic Central Synagogue in New York (1872) as the expression of a complex web of cultural identification and differentiation on the part of the Jewish community for which it was constructed. I examine the shift uptown away from immigrant origins, poverty, and Orthodoxy in relation to ambivalence toward Reform Judaism, which had embraced the neo-Islamic architectural style in both the United States and Europe. The tensions inherent in situating the congregation within the larger Jewish world were complicated by the position of the community with respect to its Christian neighbors. The contradiction between the community's initial calls for architectural modesty and the ostentation of the building designed by Henry Fernbach manifest, in the vocabulary of the cultural analysis of W. E. B. DuBois, a "double-consciousness." I have used two interwoven methods in interpreting this material: archival research and comparative study establish the impact of patronage and the originality of the architect; a culturalstudies approach investigates intentions and reception through analysis of journalistic coverage of the late nineteenth century, related to the history of the congregation and the wider Jewish community during this period.

scholarly journals The COVID States Project#54: Mental health in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy H. Perlis ◽  
Jon Green ◽  
Matthew D Simonson ◽  
David Lazer ◽  
Matthew Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

With rapid progress toward vaccination in the United States along with falling COVID-19 case rates and a reopening economy, federal and state leaders speak optimistically about a return to normalcy this summer. But as cases diminish, have the unprecedented rates of depression and anxiety documented in our reports, and in other US surveys, also begun to normalize? On the one hand, as a recent New York Times op-ed notes, people in general are remarkably resilient. And in our prior work we showed that depression and anxiety were tied closely to economic stress; as the economy improves, we might expect mental health to improve as well. On the other hand, the impact of a year of COVID-19 quarantine and fear of illness – perhaps compounded by political and societal turmoil – might not resolve so readily.In this report, we characterize rates of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, as we have done on a regular basis since May 2020. We used a standard screening measure drawn from primary care, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which asks about the symptoms of major depression, as well as 2 items that ask about anxiety (the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, or GAD-2). We define major depression as a score on the PHQ-9 of 10 or greater, or moderate depression, often the point at which an individual would be referred for treatment. Sleep disruption and thoughts of suicide are defined based on items on the PHQ-9.

scholarly journals One-for-One Companies: Helpful or Harmful?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Alden Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The People ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One ◽  
Beneficiary Country ◽  
The Impact

One-for-one companies, such as TOMS and Warby Parker, have become a common occurrence in the marketplace. These companies promise to donate a good or service for every product purchased. To date, millions of products have been donated worldwide. This paper seeks to analyze the positive and negative impacts of the one-for-one model on both the one-for-one company and the people receiving product donations. A specific focus of the paper is to determine whether the one-for-one model is helpful or harmful to companies and beneficiaries. To gather information, I contacted sixteen one-for-one companies and asked for reports, gathered preliminary research completed by news outlets such as Forbes and the New York Times, and analyzed academic research. The study finds that the one-for-one model can be both helpful and harmful, depending on the conditions in which the giving is done. For example, if there is an immediate need for a good that cannot be produced in the beneficiary country, then a donation would be beneficial. However, if a donation such as shoes ultimately takes away jobs and reduces the market in the beneficiary country, then it causes more harm and long-term damage than it prevents. As this model becomes more common, it is important that consumers know the impact of their purchases on the beneficiaries and the companies know the benefits and repercussions of their actions.

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