The Archaeology of the Lena Basin and its New World Relationships, Part II

1958 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Lena Basin ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
North American Prehistory

A consideration of the Siberian data by anyone acquainted, albeit summarily, with the major themes of North American prehistory, cannot fail to lead to the formulation of a number of specific problems relating to prehistoric contacts between the Old World and the New and their effect on culture development on both continents. The limitations of available data, time, space, and competence alike set limits to the degree to which they may be fruitfully explored here. Yet it seems worthwhile at least to list the more obvious ones and to comment on them briefly, thereby suggesting directions for future investigation.

scholarly journals Variation in ovarian morphology in four species of New World moles with a peniform clitoris

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Rubenstein ◽  
GR Cunha ◽  
YZ Wang ◽  
KL Campbell ◽  
AJ Conley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Old World ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Female External Genitalia ◽  
Condylura Cristata

Female moles of the Old World genus Talpa display a curious suite of reproductive features that include a peniform clitoris and ovaries with a discrete interstitial gland or testis-like region (so-called 'ovotestes'). The masculinization of the female external genitalia in Talpa has accordingly been linked with secretion of androgens from the interstitial gland region of the fetal gonad. Although their ovarian morphology has received less attention, some species of New World moles also have ovaries with a pronounced interstitial gland (for example star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata), whereas females of other species do not (for example eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus). Although it is difficult to determine the sex of both Old and New World moles, published accounts describing the external genitalia of female moles are available only for Talpa. The hypothesis that masculinization of the female external genitalia in moles is associated with the presence of an ovarian interstitial gland (OIG) was tested in the present study by using a comparative approach to determine whether these features are ever found in isolation of one another. Three genera of North American moles (Scapanus, Condylura and Neurotrichus) were studied and a peniform clitoris was found in all three species, but OIG were found in only two of three genera. The ovaries of S. latimanus and S. orarius were unremarkable, with no evidence of a discrete interstitial gland or testis-like region. Mapping these results onto recent talpid phylogenies indicates that loss of the bipolar ovarian morphology is a derived trait in Scapanus, and conclusively demonstrates that masculinization of the external genitalia in female moles can develop in the presence or absence of 'ovotestes'.

The Archaeology of the Lena Basin and its New World Relationships, Part I

1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
New World ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Old World ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Lena Basin

In an earlier study (Tolstoy 1953b), we attempted to outline the Old World distributions of a limited number of ceramic elements and to make a case for their introduction into North America some 3000 to 4000 years ago. Russian reports that have appeared or become available to us since then (Okladnikov 1945, 1946, 1950b, 1955a, 1955b), as well as recent work this side of Bering Strait, prompt now a review of the sequence in the Lena Basin as a whole with North America parallels in mind. The main emphasis here is on the Neolithic of the Lena drainage and Archaic to Early Woodland developments in eastern North America.

Old World Overtones in the New World; Some Parallels with North American Musical Instruments

Notes ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Willard Rhodes ◽  
Theodore A. Seder
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Old World

The Sickle in Aboriginal Western North America

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Heizer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Old World ◽  
American Counterpart ◽  
And Function

It is generally accepted that the specialized agricultural implements and techniques, and domesticated plants (with a few possible exceptions) of the Old and New Worlds are unrelated and independently developed. Parallel developments in agricultural accessories have occurred; the hoe and irrigation are obvious exemplars. The hand sickle, used to harvest cereal crops in the Old World, and to cut wild grasses in the New World, may now be pointed out as occurring in both hemispheres. The forms, materials, and function of the Old World sickle distinguish it from that of the New World, and it would appear that there is no specific connection between the Afro-Asian sickle used in farming and its North American counterpart used predominantly by incipient or non-agricultural native groups.

scholarly journals First North American Records of the Old-World Tramp Ant Syllophopsis sechellensis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
James Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Tramp Ant ◽  
Old World Tropics

Syllophopsis  sechellensis  (Emery)  (formerly  Monomorium  sechellense) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a small, inconspicuous ant species native to the Old-World tropics. Syllophopsis sechellensis is widespread in Asia and Australia, and on islands the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. In the New  World,  all  published  records  come  from  West  Indian  islands.  Here,  I report the first records of S. sechellensis from North America: from four sites in Miami-Dade and Broward counties, Florida, more than 1500 km from the closest records in the West Indies. The ants of Florida have been well-studied in the past, so S. sechellensis appears to be a recent arrival.

Intercontinental karyotypic differentiation of Chironomus entis Shobanov, a Holarctic member of the C. plumosus group (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iya I Kiknadze ◽  
Malcolm G Butler ◽  
Veronica V Golygina ◽  
Jon Martin ◽  
Wolfgang F Wülker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Analysis of banding sequences of polytene chromosomes in Palearctic (Russian) and Nearctic (North American) Chironomus entis shows strong karyotype divergence between populations on the two continents. Four out of seven chromosomal arms in the North American C. entis karyotype are characterized by sequences found only in the Nearctic. In total, 44 banding sequences are now known for this species across the Holarctic, including 22 exclusively Palearctic, 6 Holarctic, and 16 exclusively Nearctic sequences. The degree of cytogenetic differentiation between Palearctic and Nearctic C. entis populations is an order of magnitude greater than differentiation among populations within either continent, but is only one third as great as the cytogenetic distance between the sibling species C. entis and C. plumosus. C. entis is the only sibling species of C. plumosus uncovered during cytological identification of Chironomus species from more than 50 North American lakes, indicating that the plumosus sibling-species group is much smaller in the Nearctic than in the Palearctic, where a dozen sibling species are known. Cytogenetic distance values calculated between Nearctic and Palearctic representatives of both C. entis and its sibling species C. plumosus are similar, but result from different patterns of karyotype divergence. New World C. entis is distinguished from Old World populations by the 16 uniquely Nearctic sequences, four of which occur in the homozygous state. In contrast, North American C. plumosus has fewer uniquely Nearctic sequences, and only one that occurs as a homozygote. However, four chromosomal arms in C. plumosus that are polymorphic in the Palearctic show fixation, or near fixation, of Holarctic sequences in the Nearctic C. plumosus karyotype. Thus, both the fixation of Holarctic sequences, and the occurrence or fixation of distinctly Nearctic sequences, contribute significantly to karyotype divergence. Patterns of karyotype divergence in Palearctic and Nearctic populations of different Holarctic chironomid species are discussed relative to intercontinental cytogenetic differentiation in other dipterans.Key words: karyotype, inversion polymorphism, cytogenetic divergence, Chironomus.

scholarly journals «Любить все человечество, кроме американцев»: североамериканские колонии Британии в сочинениях Сэмюэла Джонсона

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
T.A. Kosykh
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Old World ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
British Rule

The article focuses on a British intellectual and lexicographer Samuel Johnson’s (1709–1784) views on the rights and freedoms of people living in Britain’s North American colonies. It accounts for the reasons of Johnson’s negative attitude to colonial people’s attempts to repeal taxes and seek representation in the English parliament. The writer despised American colonists, for he believed them to descend from the first settlers who had oppressed and enslaved the indigenous population. Moreover, the lexicographer believed that the majority of American colonists belonged to the lower classes, were descendants of criminals and paupers who had disturbed the peace in the Old World and had fled to the New World to escape their just punishment. The unrest in the American colonies in the 1770s only aggravated Johnson’s prejudices. His worldview prevented the lexicographer from understanding why American colonists weren’t satisfied with the position of British subjects and wanted to be represented in the British Parliament. Johnson believed that American colonists were anarchists wishing to shatter the British rule. В центре внимания статьи — взгляды английского интеллектуала и лексикографа Сэмюэла Джонсона (1709–1784) на права и свободы жителей североамериканских колоний Британии. Объясняются причины негативного восприятия Джонсоном попыток колонистов добиться отмены налоговых сборов и получения представительства в английском парламенте. Литератор относился к американским колонистам с презрением, поскольку считал их либо потомками первых колонистов, угнетавших и порабощавших аборигенное население, либо «надсмотрщиками» рабов. Более того, антипатия лексикографа основывалась на представлении о том, что большинство американских колонис-тов являлись выходцами из социальных низов, преступниками и нищими, нарушавшими спокойствие в Англии и часто бежавшими от правосудия в Новый свет. Волнения в американских колониях в 1770-е годы лишь усугубили эти представления Джонсона. Мировоззренческие установки не позволяли лексикографу понять, почему американским колонистам недостаточно быть подданными британской короны без права выбирать своих представителей в парламент, поэтому колонисты казались ему сторонниками анархии, желающими поколебать устоявшийся в Британии порядок.

Conspecificity of Plantago fastigiata of North America with P. ovata of the Old World

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century

Comparative morphological and palynological studies have been carried out on Plantago fastigiata (P. insularis) of the New World and P. ovata, including some closely allied species of section Leucopsyllium, of the Old World. As a result, P. fastigiata is regarded as conspecific with P. ovata. It is postulated that the North American populations known as P. fastigiata are introductions of P. ovata dating from the late 18th and the beginning of the 19th century by early settlers in California.

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