The Archaeology of the Lena Basin and its New World Relationships, Part I

1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
New World ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Old World ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Lena Basin

In an earlier study (Tolstoy 1953b), we attempted to outline the Old World distributions of a limited number of ceramic elements and to make a case for their introduction into North America some 3000 to 4000 years ago. Russian reports that have appeared or become available to us since then (Okladnikov 1945, 1946, 1950b, 1955a, 1955b), as well as recent work this side of Bering Strait, prompt now a review of the sequence in the Lena Basin as a whole with North America parallels in mind. The main emphasis here is on the Neolithic of the Lena drainage and Archaic to Early Woodland developments in eastern North America.

Some Amerasian Pottery Traits in North Asian Prehistory

1953 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Subject

Asiatic origins have, at one time or another, been suggested or at least considered for a number of traits connected with the manufacture and decoration of the earlier New World pottery. The well-known paper by McKern (1937) is among the most explicit statements on the subject. Griffin (1946; Sears and Griffin 1950a) has held similar views for some time. Like McKern, he has primarily in mind traits of the Woodland pattern of eastern North America, although he also mentions some non-Woodland traits among those which have counterparts in the Old World (1946, p. 45).Since McKern's paper, the distribution in time of the traits involved has become a lot better established. With the help of the still suspiciously regarded radiocarbon dates, our perspective on ceramic history in the United States has been extended over a span which appears to be that of some four millennia. Among the more significant additions to the Asiatic half of the distributional picture first place must be given to recent Soviet work in eastern Siberia.

scholarly journals THE GENUS PODISMA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1903 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
E. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Old World ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Alpine Distribution

Podisma (Latr.) is a particularly interesting genus of Melanopli, since it is the only one of that immense group that occurs in the Old World, where, indeed, it is represented by considerably more described species than it is in North America. It is also of interest from its distinctly boreal and alpine distribution, being almost peculiar to high latitudes or altitudes. It is a circumpolar genus, inhabiting the mountains and boreal parts of Europe, Asia and North America, a larger number of species having been described from Europe than elsewhere.

scholarly journals Multiple Introductions of the Old World Begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the New World

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 7114-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobain Duffy ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Old World ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis of three genomic regions revealed that Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from western North America is distinct from TYLCV isolated in eastern North America and the Caribbean. This analysis supports a second introduction of this Old World begomovirus into the New World, most likely from Asia.

Review of the New World species of Microplitis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) attacking Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ghafouri Moghaddam ◽  
Sloan Tomlinson ◽  
Samuel Jaffe ◽  
Diana Carolina Arias-Penna ◽  
James B. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
New World ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Host ◽  
World Species ◽  
Allegheny Mountains

Abstract Microplitis Foerster is a highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus within Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae). Microplitis ceratomiae Riley, a widely distributed North American species, exclusively attacks sphingid caterpillars. In this paper, M. ceratomiae is reported parasitizing a caterpillar of Sphinx poecila Stephens (Sphingidae) which was collected feeding on Spiraea alba Du Roi (Rosaceae), a species of white meadowsweet native to the wet soils of the Allegheny Mountains and other portions of eastern North America. Here, we report and describe this new host-parasitoid-food plant association in southern New Hampshire, and include a distribution map for the species. Biological, ecological and phylogenetic analyses, and an identification key for the nine known species of Microplitis that attack sphingids in the New World are provided.

Negative concord in the Old and New World: Evidence from Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Old World ◽  
Colonization Period

In this article, I conduct a quantitative analysis of negative concord in Buckie, a relic dialect from the northeast of Scotland, and compare these findings with transported varieties of English in North America. Two major results arise from the analysis. First, Buckie has high rates of use of negative concord to indeterminates within the same clause, as do all the dialects included in the study. Second, negative concord in other environments is found in certain varieties in the New World that have no counterparts in the Old World. I suggest that the quantitative similarities can be explained in terms of the primitive status of negative concord in vernacular varieties of English, in combination with a shared linguistic heritage during the colonial period. The qualitative differences demonstrate that contexts of linguistic heterogeneity in North America during the early colonization period led to an extension and restructuring of the original rules.

scholarly journals ДУША КОЩЕЯ. ВРЕМЯ И ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ МОТИВОВ, ОБЪЯСНЯЮЩИХ НЕУЯЗВИМОСТЬ ПЕРСОНАЖА

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Berezkin
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Old World ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Фольклорные мотивы «внешней души» (персонаж умирает, когда уничтожены какой-то предмет или существо) и «ахиллесовой пяты» (уязвимое место персонажа находится на его теле, а не во внутренних органах) используются для объяснения смертности/бессмертия персонажа. Как и 2700 других, мировое распределение которых отражено в нашей электронной базе данных, эти мотивы являются не порождением универсального «первобытного сознания», а продуктом конкретных исторических процессов и обстоятельств. Цель статьи – определить эпоху и регион их первоначального распространения. Для этого сопоставлены материалы по Новому и Старому Свету. В Центральной и Южной Африке, в Австралии и Меланезии данные мотивы редки или вовсе отсутствуют, поэтому их появление уже в эпоху выхода-из-Африки невероятно. «Ахиллесова пята» обычна в текстах северо- и южноамериканских индейцев, включая огнеземельцев, тогда как ее евразийский ареал сильно разрежен. «Внешняя душа» популярна в пределах большей части Евразии, но в Америке встречается только к северу от Рио-Гранде. В последние тысячелетия на территории Старого Света мотив «ахиллесовой пяты» был, по-видимому, в основном вытеснен мотивом «внешней души», а в Америке сохранился благодаря ее изоляции от Евразии. Оба мотива были принесены в Новый Свет на ранних этапах его заселения. Их почти полное отсутствие в северо-восточной Азии и на северо-западе Северной Америки исключает позднюю диффузию через Берингов пролив. Соответственно возраст данных мотивов в Евразии должен превышать 15 тыс. лет, причем «ахиллесова пята», вероятно, древнее. Отсутствие или редкость этих мотивов в фольклоре народов северо-востока Сибири, где они должны были быть известны накануне их переноса в Новый Свет, согласуется с данными о значительных изменениях в генофонде населения Сибири в течение голоцена. Усложненный вариант «внешней души» с последовательным вложением животных и предметов, являющихся ее вместилищами, в Америке отсутствует. Он распространился лишь после античной эпохи в контексте волшебной сказки.The “external soul” (person dies when some object or creature is destroyed) and the “Achilles heel” (The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s body and not in his inner organs) are folklore motifs used to explain why a particular person cannot be killed or how he can be killed. As other 2700 motifs which global distribution is demonstrated in our database, the “external soul” and the “Achilles heel” are a product not of the universal “primitive mind” but of particular historical processes and circumstances and we try to reveal the age and region of their initial spread. In Central and South Africa, Australia and Melanesia both motifs are rare or totally absent. This makes improbable their origin in the Out-of-Africa time. The “Achilles heel” is often found in North and South America but its Eurasian area is sporadic. On the contrary, the “external soul” is very popular across most of Eurasia but in the New World it, is found only in North but not in South America. It looks plausible that in the Old World the motif of “Achilles heel” was mostly ousted by the “external soul” being preserved in the New World thanks to its isolation from Eurasia. The lack or rarity of these motifs in the Northeast Asia and in Alaska and American Arctic excludes, possibility of their late diffusion across Bering Strait. Because both motifs were brought to America by the early migrants, their age in Eurasia must exceed 15,000 years, the “Achilles heel” being probably older. At the time of the peopling of America, both motifs had to be well known to the oral traditions of the Northeast Asia. Their rarity or absence there in historic time is in conformity with significant differences between genetic samples of Early and Late Holocene populations of Siberia. The complicated version of the “external soul” according to which a life essence is hidden in a series of objects and beings, one inside the other, is absent in America. Such a variant probably spread across the Old World after the end of antiquity being used in fairytales.

Evolutionary history of New World ticks of the genus Dermacentor (Ixodida: Ixodidae), and the origin of D. variabilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lado ◽  
Hans Klompen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New World ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migration Event

Abstract This study integrates biogeographical and phylogenetic data to determine the evolutionary history of the New World Dermacentor, and the origin of D. variabilis. The phylogenetic reconstructions presented here strongly support the hypothesis of an Afrotropical origin for Dermacentor, with later dispersal to Eurasia and the Nearctic. Phylogenetic and biogeographical data suggest that the genus reached the New World through the Beringia land bridge, from south-east Asia. The monophyly of the genus is supported, and most of the New World Dermacentor species appear as monophyletic. Dermacentor occidentals constitutes the sister lineage of D. variabilis, and the latter is subdivided into two well-supported clades: an eastern and a western clade. The western clade is genetically more variable than the eastern. The genus Dermacentor probably originated in Africa, and dispersed to the Palearctic and then to the New World through the Beringian route. Dermacentor variabilis appears to have originated in western North America, and then dispersed to eastern North America, probably in a single migration event.

Skating in the New World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
New World ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Center

This chapter discusses the development of skating in the New World. There is much evidence of skating activity throughout the Colonies in the years before the American Revolution. It was a recreational activity, with racing being especially popular, but as a discipline little is known about it. Bone skates as a practical solution for travel across frozen landscapes were discovered independently in various parts of the world. French trappers who worked in eastern North America learned from the Iroquois Indians the practice of tying bones to their feet to traverse frozen rivers. Thus, in North America as in Europe and Asia, skating on bones must have existed for thousands of years. Bladed skates, however, were probably unknown in the New World before the eighteenth century, perhaps introduced by British officers stationed in Nova Scotia following its seizure from the French in 1713. By the mid-eighteenth century, skating was practiced along the East Coast whenever ice was available. Philadelphia became skating's first important center and could boast of competent figure skaters.

A Note on the Occurrence of Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff in North America, with the Description of a Nearctic Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Neopsyllidae)

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Old World ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
Central Russia

As the flea fauna of mammals of northern North America becomes better known, its very close affinity with that of temperate and northern Asia becomes more apparent. Many of the genera are holarctic and are associated with holarctic genera of mammals. In a few instances, the fleas of the Old World and the New World are so similar in morphological details and host association that they are regarded as subspecies. For example, Amphipsylla sibirica (Wagner), Malaraeus penicilliger (Grube), Megabothris calcarifer (Wagner), and Hoplopsyllus glacialis (Taschenberg) have representatives in both the nearctic and the palaearctic regions. To this list must now be added Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff, a parasite of Microtinae; this species was described originally (Ioff, 1940, pp. 216-217) from the Altai Mountains of central Russia, and a new subspecies has now been discovered in northern Canada and Alaska.

The Archaeology of the Lena Basin and its New World Relationships, Part II

1958 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Lena Basin ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
North American Prehistory

A consideration of the Siberian data by anyone acquainted, albeit summarily, with the major themes of North American prehistory, cannot fail to lead to the formulation of a number of specific problems relating to prehistoric contacts between the Old World and the New and their effect on culture development on both continents. The limitations of available data, time, space, and competence alike set limits to the degree to which they may be fruitfully explored here. Yet it seems worthwhile at least to list the more obvious ones and to comment on them briefly, thereby suggesting directions for future investigation.

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