Intercontinental karyotypic differentiation of Chironomus entis Shobanov, a Holarctic member of the C. plumosus group (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iya I Kiknadze ◽  
Malcolm G Butler ◽  
Veronica V Golygina ◽  
Jon Martin ◽  
Wolfgang F Wülker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Analysis of banding sequences of polytene chromosomes in Palearctic (Russian) and Nearctic (North American) Chironomus entis shows strong karyotype divergence between populations on the two continents. Four out of seven chromosomal arms in the North American C. entis karyotype are characterized by sequences found only in the Nearctic. In total, 44 banding sequences are now known for this species across the Holarctic, including 22 exclusively Palearctic, 6 Holarctic, and 16 exclusively Nearctic sequences. The degree of cytogenetic differentiation between Palearctic and Nearctic C. entis populations is an order of magnitude greater than differentiation among populations within either continent, but is only one third as great as the cytogenetic distance between the sibling species C. entis and C. plumosus. C. entis is the only sibling species of C. plumosus uncovered during cytological identification of Chironomus species from more than 50 North American lakes, indicating that the plumosus sibling-species group is much smaller in the Nearctic than in the Palearctic, where a dozen sibling species are known. Cytogenetic distance values calculated between Nearctic and Palearctic representatives of both C. entis and its sibling species C. plumosus are similar, but result from different patterns of karyotype divergence. New World C. entis is distinguished from Old World populations by the 16 uniquely Nearctic sequences, four of which occur in the homozygous state. In contrast, North American C. plumosus has fewer uniquely Nearctic sequences, and only one that occurs as a homozygote. However, four chromosomal arms in C. plumosus that are polymorphic in the Palearctic show fixation, or near fixation, of Holarctic sequences in the Nearctic C. plumosus karyotype. Thus, both the fixation of Holarctic sequences, and the occurrence or fixation of distinctly Nearctic sequences, contribute significantly to karyotype divergence. Patterns of karyotype divergence in Palearctic and Nearctic populations of different Holarctic chironomid species are discussed relative to intercontinental cytogenetic differentiation in other dipterans.Key words: karyotype, inversion polymorphism, cytogenetic divergence, Chironomus.

Conspecificity of Plantago fastigiata of North America with P. ovata of the Old World

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century

Comparative morphological and palynological studies have been carried out on Plantago fastigiata (P. insularis) of the New World and P. ovata, including some closely allied species of section Leucopsyllium, of the Old World. As a result, P. fastigiata is regarded as conspecific with P. ovata. It is postulated that the North American populations known as P. fastigiata are introductions of P. ovata dating from the late 18th and the beginning of the 19th century by early settlers in California.

The North American «Hipparion Datum and implications for the Neogene of the Old World

Geobios ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Woodburne ◽  
B.J. Macfadden ◽  
M.F. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North

Five new species of Stenochrus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4374 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO MONJARAZ-RUEDAS ◽  
OSCAR F. FRANCKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
The North ◽  
Mexican State

The North American genus Stenochrus is represented by 22 species distributed mainly in Mexico, Central America and the U.S.A.; the genus was erected originally to place the species Stenochrus portoricensis and was characterized by the presence of lateral lobes reduced on female spermathecae, male flagellum without important dorsal relief, pedipalps without distinctive armature and without posterodorsal process on segment XII. Here we describe five new species from the Mexican state of Oaxaca; we discuss the presence of dimorphic males in the genus. With this contribution the genus Stenochrus reaches 27 species, becoming the second most diverse genus of schizomids in the New World. 

ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA

1886 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Aug. R. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
The South ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North

Again, the genera Citheronia and Eacles are a South American element in our fauna, while the typical Attacinæ, such as Actias, probably belong to the Old World element in our fauna, together with all our Platypteryginœ. Among the Hawk Moths the genera Philampelus and Phlegethontius are of probable South American extraction, though represented now by certain strictly North American species. Mr. Robert Bunker, writing from Rochester, N. Y., records the fact that Philampelus Pandorus, going into chrysaiis Augnst 1, came out Sept. 10 as a moth, showing that in a warmer climate the species would become doublebrooded. And this is undoubtedly the case with many species the farther we go South, where insect activities are not interrupted so long and so strictly by the cold of winter. Since the continuance of the pupal condition is influenced by cold, a diminishing seasonal temperature for ages may have originally affected, if not induced, the transformations of insects as a whole. Butterflies and Moths which are single brooded in the North become double brooded in the South.

The New World Aesalinae, with notes on the North American lucanid subfamilies (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Howden ◽  
J. F. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The North

The North American Lucanidae are divided into four subfamilies: Aesalinae, Syndesinae, Nicaginae, and Lucaninae, and a key is presented to the subfamilies, tribes, and genera. Subfamily characters are briefly described with a more detailed account of the Aesalinae, including Aesalus Fabricius and Lucanobium squamosum n. gen., n. sp., from Venezuela.

A Sibling Species Group of Hydractinia in the North-Eastern United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo W. Buss ◽  
Philip O. Yund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms

Many symbiotic organisms are narrowly distributed on one or a few host species. These associations are intriguing, as they invite the development of hypotheses regarding the pattern and process of speciation and serve as laboratories for the testing of methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (Kraus, 1978; Futuyma & Slatkin, 1983; Stone & Hawks worth, 1986). The evolution of host-specificity in the sea may be expected to be severely constrained by the difficulty of achieving reproductive isolation in taxa whose gametes are freely released into the water column and/or whose larvae are potentially widely distributed (Scheltema, 1977). Yet this difficulty may well be overestimated, given the recent demonstrations of limited gamete (Pennington, 1985; Yund, in press) and larval dispersal (Knight-Jones & Moyse, 1961; Ryland, 1981; Olsen, 1985; Jackson & Coates, 1986; Grosberg, 1987). Indeed, if gamete and larval dispersal are as limited as has recently been contended (Jackson, 1986), local isolation of populations may be a routine occurence, offering repeated opportunities for speciation.

Revision of the North American species of the genus Entomacis (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Species Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Character Complexes ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
North America North

AbstractThe species of the genus Entomacis Foerster in North America north of Mexico are revised. Nineteen species (12 new), including 8 species of the Holarctic-wide perplexa species group, are keyed, described, and figured. These taxa are E. ambigua (Brues), E. apopkaensissp. nov., E. arcticasp. nov., E. cellariasp. nov., E. cepasp. nov., E. eorariasp. nov., E. floridana (Ashmead), E. grandiclavasp. nov., E. longii (Ashmead), E. mellipetiola (Ashmead), E. parambiguasp. nov., and perplexa group members E. californica (Ashmead), E. microbipunctatasp. nov., E. notioxerasp. nov., E. oulasp. nov., E. parvasp. nov., E. perplexa (Haliday), E. sapratasp. nov., and E. subemarginata (Ashmead). Hemilexodes canadensis (Harrington) is synonymized under Entomacis mellipetiola (Ashmead) (syn. nov.). The status of Entomacis latipennis (Ashmead), E. filiformis (Ashmead), and Hemilexis jessei Mann is reviewed. New character complexes, particularly chaetotaxy, are emphasized for Diapriidae species taxonomy.

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