Europe's Postwar Growth: The Role of Labour Supply.

Economica ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (138) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
H. Myint ◽  
Charles P. Kindleberger
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply

scholarly journals Women’s Vulnerability to the Economic Crisis through the Lens of Part-time Work in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110012
Author(s):  
Valeria Insarauto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

This article studies women’s vulnerability to the economic crisis of 2008 through the lens of part-time work in Spain. It posits that part-time work made the female employment position more fragile by acting as a transmission mechanism of traditional gender norms that establish women as secondary workers. This argument is tested through an analysis of Labour Force Survey data from 2007 to 2014 that examines the influence of the employment situation of the household on women’s part-time employment patterns. The results expose the limited take-up of part-time work but also persistent patterns of involuntariness and underemployment corresponding to negative household employment situations, highlighting the constraining role of gender norms borne by the relative position of part-time work in the configuration of employment structures. The article concludes that, during the crisis, part-time work participated in the re-establishment of women as a family dependent and flexible labour supply, increasing their vulnerability.

The End of Sharecropping in Central Italy after 1945: The Role of Mechanisation in the Changing Relationship between Peasant Families and Land

Rural History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
STUART OGLETHORPE
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Push Factor

Abstract:This article focuses on the mechanisation of agriculture in central Italy in the thirty years or so after 1945. This provides a particular way of examining the major changes in the rural landscape in this period, especially the end of the sharecropping system. Land in these regions had for centuries been predominantly farmed under sharecropping contracts, but for political, economic, and demographic reasons this system, which had inhibited modernisation, entered a rapid decline. Whereas labour supply had previously exceeded demand, the reverse became the case, allowing sharecropping families more freedom in how they operated. Mechanisation was not a ‘push’ factor, but as the agricultural labour force contracted it was a necessary response. The article uses individual testimony to illustrate how tenant farmers started to work outside the sharecropping contract, some becoming outside contractors with other farms and supplying tractor hire. The mechanisation of agriculture was slow and uneven, but marked an irreversible change in the relationship between farming families and their land.

Understanding Consumption: What Interviews with Retired Households Can Reveal about Budgetary Decisions

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Chattoe ◽  
Nigel Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Household Behaviour ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
Budgetary Decisions

This paper uses interview data from retired households to inform a discussion about economic models of consumption. It is divided into two parts. In the first part, the economic models are described. The paper then discusses several different types of reasons for finding them unhelpful in explaining consumption. The second part of the paper considers the role of ‘middle range’ theories in developing plausible models of household behaviour. Phenomena which the interviews suggest are important in explaining consumption, such as time allocation, the labour supply decision, the ubiquitous durability of goods and the structure of the household, are not typically supported by middle range theory in current models. Without the constraints of such theory, it is very hard to distinguish models providing genuine explanation from those that merely fit the data. The latter part of the paper also discusses aspects of a new middle range theory of consumption suggested by the interviews.

Labour Market Conditions–Female Labour Supply Nexus: The Role of Globalization in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooreen Mujahid ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Female Labour Supply ◽  
Female Labour

The Atlantic Slave Trade: A tentative economic model

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Gemery ◽  
Jan S. Hogendorn
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Supply Pattern ◽  
Derived Demand ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Over Time

Two necessary conditions for the existence of New World slavery and the slave trade are an acute labour shortage and an elastic supply of coerced labour. Though the former condition has been the mainstay of hypotheses on slavery where high land/labour ratios were viewed as causal determinants, less attention has been given to the role of labour supply responses. This paper joins these conditions in a model which postulates that labour demand stemming from open resource pressures induced a politico–economic supply response in West Africa. The model shows a derived demand for labour evolving over time into a specific demand for slaves as entrepreneurs sought the lowest cost method of expanding the production of agricultural staples. Free and indentured labour were both characterized by inelastic supply, but the supply of slaves was elastic due to factors discussed within a vent for surplus framework. African governments and private traders responded to the new effective demand from the Americas with improved organization which widened the pre-existing market for slaves. The desire for imported goods, with firearms especially significant, plus various technical changes in transport, money, and credit all combined to ensure the further development of the slave trade and the continued maintenance of a longrun elastic supply pattern

scholarly journals Negotiating Educated Subjectivity: Intern Labour and Higher Education in Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iam-chong Ip
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Work Identity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Education In Hong Kong

This article examines interns’ negotiation of their work identity, with a focus on the nexus of transformations in higher education and the “new” capitalist economy. The existing literature on internships emphasizes the restructuring of employment in creative and cultural industries, the surplus cultural labour supply, and the impact of internships on the career paths of educated youth mostly in western countries. Based on interviews and participant observation in Hong Kong, I argue that the intern’s “educated subjectivity,” nurtured by new values and practices of higher education such as self-reflexive learning and interfacing with community, plays an important role in the making of the intern economy. These values and practices contribute to the ambiguity and elasticity of the role of interns identified in previous research on internships.  

scholarly journals Youth participation in the economy

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-203
Author(s):  
C. W. Malan ◽  
M. C. Breitenbach
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
National Development ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Unemployed

Youth in South Africa are persons of the ages 14 to 35 and constitute a large part of the potential labour supply and economically active population. The youth are also one of the central focus areas of government and receive priority in national development policies. Very little is known about the role of youth in the economy. The purpose of this article is therefore to explore the position of youth in the South African economy. The survey below will indicate that one of the major problems faced by youth in Africa is the inability to establish a sustainable livelihood. Youth constitute 40 to 65 per cent of the unemployed in African countries, and this figure is rising. This requires alternative policies, in addition to the economic growth policies within the Growth, Employment and Redistribution framework. It has become essential that the scope be broadened for a larger range of solutions.

Remittances and Labour Supply Revisited: New Evidence from the Macedonian Behavioural Tax and Benefit Microsimulation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Marjan Petreski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
New Evidence

The objective of the paper is to revisit the role of remittances for labour-supply responses. Previous studies documented conflicting results, while the key methodological concern – remittances’ endogeneity about labour supply – has not been resolved convincingly. We construct behavioural tax and benefit microsimulation model and simulate labour-market responses of singles and couples had remittances not existed in their households. This is a novel methodological approach avoiding the usual trap of utilisation of inappropriate instruments to remittances. Our results suggest that remittances are prevalently associated with lower labour-market activity, especially for women. However, the labour-supply response is found quite feeble and only in single families. Hence, while previous findings are not entirely rebutted, they may have been overstated and are highly dependent on the construct of the receiving household.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document