314. Note: Design of Experiments: The Single Cycle Sine Wave Model

Biometrics ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Single Cycle

scholarly journals Characterization of noise emitted by a power tiller through geostatistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Luana M. Gonçalves ◽  
Gabriel A. e S. Ferraz ◽  
Marcelo S. de Oliveira ◽  
Brenon D. S. Barbosa ◽  
Carlos J. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
Tractor Driver

ABSTRACT Noise is one of the harmful and stressful physical agents present in the workplace. Research performed with geostatistics to adjust the semivariogram of tractor noise were performed using the Gaussian and spherical model. In this way, the aim was to map the spatial variability of the noise emitted by a power tiller through the sine wave model, besides testing other fitting methods, in order to identify health zones for the workers. The experiment was performed with an agricultural power tiller (10.3 kW) placed in a working regime (1500 rpm), coupled to a brushcutter, and a digital sound level meter to collect noises in points distributed along a regular grid sampling of 2.0 × 2.0 m around the tractor. The spatial dependence of noise was analyzed through semivariogram fitting by different methods and by the wave model to obtain the spatial distribution map interpolated by kriging. It was possible to characterize the structure and the magnitude of the spatial dependence of the noise levels emitted by the tractor, as well as to map the spatial distribution. A maximum noise level of 96.5 dB was observed close to the tractor engine, a value above the limit of 85.0 dB for 8 h of daily exposure (NR-15). Thus, the use of ear protectors is recommended for both the tractor driver and the professionals who support agricultural operation within a radius of 6 m from the emitting source under the conditions studied.

scholarly journals On the design of experiments for the study of relativistic nonlinear optics in the limit of single-cycle pulse duration and single-wavelength spot size

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mourou ◽  
Z. Chang ◽  
A. Maksimchuk ◽  
J. Nees ◽  
S. V. Bulanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optics ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Cycle Pulse

Tuning curves of frog amphibian papilla nerve by single cycle sine wave

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S85
Author(s):  
T. Sugai ◽  
H. Ooyama ◽  
J. Yano ◽  
S. Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Amphibian Papilla

Electrosensory thresholds in larvae of the weakly electric fish Pollimyrus isidori (Mormyridae, Teleostei) during ontogeny

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-791
Author(s):  
M Postner ◽  
B Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Electric Organ Discharge ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Stimulus Pulse ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

Electrosensory thresholds and tuning were determined from behavioural studies in larvae of Pollimyrus isidori using the stop response of their electric organ discharge to weak electrical stimuli. Two age groups were studied: (1) 10- to 15-day-old larvae in which the electric organ discharge (EOD), produced by a distinct larval electric organ, had just stabilized; (2) 54- to 60-day-old larvae, just before the advent of the adult EOD (an adult electric organ functionally replaces that of the larva between about 60 and 80 days). Three stimulus pulse waveforms were used: (1) single-cycle, bipolar sine-wave pulses; (2) single-cycle, monopolar sine-wave pulses and (3) monopolar square-wave pulses. The younger larvae were exceedingly sensitive to weak electrical stimuli, down to the 10 µVp­p cm-1 range. Stimulus pulse duration had a significant effect on threshold for all three pulse waveforms, but the shapes of the tuning curves were quite different. Thresholds at the 'best' pulse duration were lower and the tuning sharper (with a V-shaped curve) with monopolar sine-wave pulses than with bipolar sine-wave pulses. The 'best' pulse duration was 1 ms for both sine-wave pulses, corresponding well to the spectral peak amplitude of larval EODs (964±22 Hz). The threshold curve for monopolar sine-wave pulses appeared to be perfectly adapted for sensing larval rather than adult EODs. With square-pulse stimuli, thresholds increased monotonically with duration and there was no evidence of tuning for this kind of stimulus. These results suggest that both conventional spectral tuning and 'tuning' to a particular pulse waveform (with a monopolar sine-wave pulse best approximating the waveform of a larval discharge) are found in young larvae. In the older age group, larvae were more sensitive to all three kinds of stimuli than those of the younger age group. The sensitivity increase varied from 10 dB to 29 dB; at stimuli of 2.4 µVp­p cm-1, larvae just 18 mm long displayed adult sensitivity. No tuning was seen for square-wave pulses and, as in younger larvae, their effectiveness increased monotonically with duration, so that for neither age group are square-wave pulses a good model for larval EODs. The threshold curves for both types of sine-wave pulse were similar and resembled the broadband tuning curves of Knollenorgan electroreceptors. Tuning was present but weak, with sensitivity for the high-frequency range much greater than for younger larvae. This change is adaptive for sensing both larval and adult EODs and occurred before the larvae developed an adult EOD. The mechanism for a change in tuning that has been established for electroreceptors in adult mormyrids and gymnotiforms, where the spectral properties of the EOD of a fish entrain its electroreceptors, is not found in the larvae of Pollimyrus isidori, which 'anticipate' the tuning necessary for the reception of their own, future adult EOD.

Full-Annulus Multi-Row Flutter Analyses

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwen Hsu ◽  
Dan Hoyniak ◽  
M. S. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Blade Row ◽  
Flutter Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Potential Impact

Flutter analysis for a first stage rotor of a compressor assembly was performed using the traditional Single-Passage, Single-Row (SPSR) flow model, and the prediction results did not correlate well with the test findings. In the tests flutter was observed but the SPSR simulation results indicated no flutter. It was suspected that influences from the upstream and downstream rows, which were omitted by the use of the SPSR model, might have significantly altered the flutter behavior of this rotor in a multistage environment. To confirm this hypothesis and to better understand the multistage turbomachinery flutter problem, FAMR (Full-Annulus, Multi-Row) models were employed in the current study to accurately take into account the interferences generated by the presence of the neighboring rows and to capture the time-varying flow variations in all directions. It was found that the flutter performance predicted by a FAMR model can be dramatically different from that predicted by a SPSR model of the same design. The FAMR model showed that flutter can occur for this design, as indicated by test results. Present results indicate the potential impact of complex blade row interactions and aliasing on flutter behavior in a multi-blade row turbomachinery configuration. A simple sine-wave model was also used to better explain the FAMR simulation results and help the analyst in judging the efficacy of the FAMR simulation.

Inspiratory flow pattern in humans

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lafortuna ◽  
A. E. Minetti ◽  
P. Mognoni
Keyword(s):  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Systematic Response ◽  
Energetic Point ◽  
Inspiratory Flow Pattern ◽  
Exercise In Humans

The theoretical estimation of the mechanical work of breathing during inspiration at rest is based on the common assumption that the inspiratory airflow wave is a sine function of time. Different analytical studies have pointed out that from an energetic point of view a rectangular wave is more economical than a sine wave. Visual inspection of inspiratory flow waves recorded during exercise in humans and various animals suggests that a trend toward a rectangular flow wave may be a possible systematic response of the respiratory system. To test this hypothesis, the harmonic content of inspiratory flow waves that were recorded in six healthy subjects at rest, during exercise hyperventilation, and during a maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) maneuver were evaluated by a Fourier analysis, and the results were compared with those obtained on sinusoidal and rectangular models. The dynamic work inherent in the experimental waves and in the sine-wave model was practically the same at rest; during exercise hyperventilation and MVV, the experimental wave was approximately 16–20% more economical than the sinusoidal one. It was concluded that even though at rest the sinusoidal model is a reasonably good approximation of inspiratory flow, during exercise and MVV, a physiological controller is probably operating in humans that can select a more economical inspiratory pattern. Other peculiarities of airflow wave during hyperventilation and some optimization criteria are also discussed.

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