Counterpoint to Reform: Gilbert H. Montague and the Business of Regulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyatt Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Lawyers ◽  
Insight Into

During a career that stretched from the Progressive Era through the 1950s, Gilbert H. Montague served businesses as a lawyer and lobbyist, managing relations between companies and the government. In this capacity he had a significant impact on the evolution of regulation, particularly antitrust law. Just as important, his career provides valuable insight into the activities and attitudes of the class made up of corporate lawyers and lobbyists, which constituted an important part of the system of regulated capitalism that emerged in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals COVID-19 & Anti-Mask Movement: How Jingoism is Bringing the United States Down

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kim ◽  
Brian Oh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
Insight Into

The objective of this study was to provide insight into the anti-mask phenomenon that has been occurring throughout the world. Widely broadcasted through different forms of media, these anti-mask movements are a growing concern to the scientific community, as such exposure will only deter the progress towards ending the pandemic. In order to understand the psychological motivations behind the anti-mask sentiment, the present studies 29 videos, over 120 minutes of content covering anti-mask protests in Canada, Europe, and the United States. I also used East Asia as a control variable, as I reviewed 5 videos, around 35 minutes of footage to understand the psychology that makes East Asia more receptive towards mask use. By implementing a qualitative research design, I looked for key language themes (interviews, chants, signs) in order to apply thematic analysis to connect their negative sentiments that are associated with confirmation bias and motivated reasoning. Findings regarding confirmation bias and motivated reasoning have been linked to concerns regarding personal rights and distrust with the government, media, and science communities. In particular, the United States has an issue regarding national pride in connection to individuals’ personal rights. The goal is to give insight into ways the United States can improve mask adherence for future potential pandemics.

Background in the United States and Great Britain to 1950

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 1950S

Throughout the twentieth century, folk music has had many definitions and incarnations in the United States and Great Britain. The public has been most aware of its commercial substance and appeal, with the focus on recording artists and their repertoires, but there has been so much more, including a political agenda, folklore theories, grassroots styles, regional promoters, and discussions on what musical forms—blues, hillbilly, gospel, Anglo-Saxon, pop, singer-songwriters, instrumental and/or vocal, international—should be included. These contrasting and conflicting interpretations were particularly evident during the 1950s. This chapter begins by focusing on Alan Lomax (1915–2002), one of the most active folk music collectors, radio promoters, and organizers during the 1940s. Lomax had a major influence on folk music in both the United States and Great Britain, tying together what had come before and what would follow. The chapter then discusses folk festivals and performers; British folk music, musicians, and trans-Atlantic musical connections; and Carl Sandburg's publication of the The American Songbag in 1927.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hird
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Political Origins

Policy analysis traverses and aims to bridge the space between truth and power. Indeed, policy analysts are trained to be in a position to ‘speak truth to power.’ With its political origins in the United States during the progressive era, the operational origins of policy analysis occurred in the 1950s when both truth and power were more clearly defined and when those in power presumably were interested in truth. Policy analysis emerged from systems analysis, which was applied successfully to clearly delineated problems with unambiguous objective functions....

“Enough of Being Basely Tearful”: “Glitter and Be Gay” and the Camp Politics of Queer Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-445
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. JONES
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Leonard Bernstein ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Witch Hunts

AbstractUpon its publication in 1759, Voltaire'sCandide, or The Optimistscandalized Europe. Banned for its blasphemous and politically seditious content, it became asuccès de scandaleand one of the most widely read books of its time. Leonard Bernstein adapted Voltaire's work for the stage in the 1950s. With its emphasis on the improbable, the artificial, and the insouciant,Candidepractically begs for a camp (re)interpretation, and it is just such an analysis I offer here. After outlining camp as social critique, I turn to Cunégonde's aria “Glitter and Be Gay” and trace its path through camp's causeways in two different decades: first, in the United States of the 1950s, a period marked by McCarthy's witch-hunts, Cold War anxieties, intense homophobia, and the composer's personal struggle to accept his homosexuality, and second, in the late 1980s, when singer, songwriter, and AIDS activist Michael Callen (1955–1993) recorded his own camped-up version of “Glitter and Be Gay” for what would become his last musical project, a posthumous double album entitledLegacy(1996). By following Cunégonde's sparkling trail of glitter and gemstones through two historical moments, I demonstrate how camp functions as a tool of queer resistance across the last half of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Democratic Decline and the Politics of the Upswing: How the United States May Have Come Together a Century Ago but Can It Do It Again?

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992110318
Author(s):  
Matthew Flinders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Economic

Robert Putman’s The Upswing (written with Shaylyn Romney Garrett) provides a powerful meta-analysis of American social, political, economic and cultural change throughout the twentieth century. What this analysis reveals is the existence of an almost perfect arc of social progress which begins from a low position around the Gilded Age at the beginning of the twentieth century and then climbs across all variables until reaching a highpoint around 1960. The Progressive Era, Putnam argues, engineered an ‘upswing’ against inequality, polarisation, social disarray and a culture of self-centredness. Since then, however, the data suggest that a severe downswing has occurred which explains the existence of deep divisions and polarised politics in the United States. Putnam’s core argument is simple: The United States has pulled itself out of a trough before and it can do it again. In a post-Trump context, this argument could hardly be more welcome which may explain the rave reviews this book has generally received. Nevertheless, the core weakness of The Upswing is that it arguably tells us far more about how the United States ‘came together a century ago’ but far less about how it ‘can do it again’ in the future.

Legal Regulation of Harassment on the Ground of Age: Lessons from America?

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Sam Middlemiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

While numerous articles have now been written on the age regulations 1 they tend to concentrate on the broad detail of the Regulations and their likely impact in the United Kingdom, whereas this article, while also involving analysis of the legal rules, concentrates on one aspect of the Regulations namely, age harassment. It will also involve consideration of the equivalent law in the United States because they have a much more mature set of legal rules dealing with this type of activity. The difficulty of making such a comparison is that the legal rules in the two jurisdictions are very different and the UK version is much more favourable than its US counterpart. Nevertheless, it is this writer’s view that identifying the various problems that have arisen in the US with implementing their age legislation in respect of age harassment over almost forty years 2 will prove instructive and valuable to those persons required to comply with the new law in the UK and offer valuable insight into the legal treatment of this issue.

Readers and Writers

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-105
Author(s):  
Judith G. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
French Intellectuals ◽  
Day By Day

This chapter elaborates how Simone de Beauvoir burst into the world of literary stardom in the 1950s. It begins with Mandarins from 1954, Beauvoir's novel about postwar French intellectuals' political, literary, and ethical debates, and their love lives, which won many readers and gained a blizzard of publicity. It also cites the novels, plays, and philosophical essays on justice, ethics, and morality that Beauvoir has written as an accomplished writer. The chapter talks about Beauvoir's publication of her reflections on her travels through the United States, America Day by Day, which was dedicated to Richard and Ellen Wright. It describes the outcome of Beauvoir's hard work as an epic of postwar existentialism and its attendant anguish, a readable and serious fare that fueled the mid-twentieth-century expansion of book publishing.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Watson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us South ◽  
The Us ◽  
Observation Program ◽  
The 1950S

The introduction summarizes the process of decolonization in the British and French Empires and the role of the United States. Anthropology became a more professionalized discipline, raising the barriers to interdisciplinary conversations between anthropologists and other intellectuals and making it less desirable for colonial intellectuals to choose anthropology, as a significant number had done earlier in the twentieth century. Nevertheless, exchanges continued between literature and anthropology. I argue that the literary-anthropological dynamics of the 1950s and 1960s were prefigured by three examples in the 1930s and 1940s: Zora Neale Hurston’s fieldwork among African Americans in the US South, Michel Leiris’s account of Marcel Griaule’s 1930s anthropological expedition from Dakar to Djibouti, and the establishment of the Mass-Observation program to document British everyday life. The introduction analyzes Claude Lévi-Strauss’s Tristes tropiques as a key text in the flourishing of a new literary anthropology in the 1950s.

THE PHILIPPINE CURRENCY SYSTEM DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD: TRANSFORMATION FROM THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD TO THE DOLLAR EXCHANGE STANDARD

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Nagano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Government

This article describes the transformation of the Philippine currency system from a gold exchange standard to a dollar exchange standard during the first half of the twentieth century. During the American colonial period, Philippine foreign trade was closely bound to the United States. In terms of domestic investment, however, it was domestic Filipino or Spanish entrepreneurs and landowners who dominated primary commodity production in the Philippines, rather than American investors. How were both this US-dependent trade structure and the unique production structure of domestic primary commodities reflected in the management of the Philippine currency system? To answer this question, this article first discusses the introduction of the gold standard system in the Philippines in the early twentieth century. Second, the de facto conversion of the Philippine currency system from the gold standard to the dollar exchange standard in the 1920s is described, together with the mismanagement of the currency reserves and the debacle of the Philippine National Bank that functioned as the government depository of the currency reserves in the United States. Third, the formal introduction of the dollar exchange standard during the Great Depression is outlined, a clear example of the dependency of the Philippine currency system on the US in the 1930s.

Business and Workers' Welfare in the Progressive Era: Workmen's Compensation Reform in Massachusetts, 1880–1911

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Asher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Compensation Reform ◽  
Modern Welfare State ◽  
Workmen's Compensation

Of all business-supported reform in the early twentieth century, none was more significant or widely accepted than workmen's compensation for industrial accidents. Using the experience of Massachusetts as a case study, Mr. Asher reveals the unique consensus of management and labor which produced “the first victory for the idea of the modern welfare state in the United States.”

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