Analysis of atmospheric temperature data by 4D spatial–temporal statistical model

The meteorological data such as temperature of the upper atmosphere is ssential for accurate weather forecasting. The Universal Rawinsonde Observation Program (RAOB) establishes an extensive radiosonde network worldwide to observe atmospheric meteorological data from the surface to the low stratosphere. The RAOB data data has very high accuracy but can offer a very limited spatial coverage. Meanwhile, ERA-Interim reanalysis data is widely available but with low-quality. We propose a 4D spatiotemporal statistical model which can make effective inferences from ERA-Interim reanalysis data to RAOB data. Finally, we can obtain a huge amount of RAOB data with high-quality and can offer a very wide spatial coverage. In empirical research, we collected data from 200 launch sites around the world in January 2015. The 4D spatiotemporal statistical model successfully analyzed the observation gaps at different pressure levels.

VGOS Intensives Ishioka-Onsala

<p>The VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) is the VLBI contribution to GGOS. During the last years, several VGOS stations have been established, the VGOS observation program has started, and by 2021 VGOS has achieved an operational state involving nine international VGOS stations. Further VGOS stations are currently being installed, so that the number of active VGOS stations will increase drastically in the near future. In the end of 2019 the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) decided to start a new and so-far experimental VGOS-Intensive series, called VGOS-B, involving Ishioka (Japan) and Onsala (Sweden). Both sites operate modern VGOS stations with 13.2~m diameter radio telescopes, i.e. ISHIOKA (IS) in Japan, and ONSA13NE (OE) and ONSA13SW (OW) in Sweden. In total 12 VGOS-B sessions were observed between December 2019 and February 2020, one every week, in parallel and simultaneously to legacy S/X INT1 Intensive sessions that involve the stations KOKEE (KK) on Hawaii and WETTZELL (WZ) in Germany. These 1-hour long VGOS-B sessions consist of more than fifty radio source observations, resulting in about 1.6 TB of raw data that are collected at each station. The scheduling of the VGOS-B sessions was done using <em>VieSched++</em> and the subsequent steps (correlation, fringe-fitting, database creation) were carried out at the Onsala Space Observatory using <em>DIFX</em> and <em>HOPS</em>. The resulting VGOS databases were  analysed with several VLBI analysis software packages, involving <em>nuSolve</em>, <em>c5++</em> and <em>ASCOT</em>. In this presentation, we give an overview on the VGOS-B series, present our experiences, and discuss the obtained results. The derived UT1-UTC results were compared to corresponding results from standard legacy S/X Intensive sessions (INT1/INT2), as well to the final values of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Frame Service (IERS), provided in IERS Bulletin~B. <br>The VGOS-B series achieve 3-4 times lower formal uncertainties for the UT1-UTC results than standard legacy S/X INT series.  Furthermore, the root mean square (RMS) agreement with respect to the IERS Bulletin B is 30-40 % better for the VGOS-B results than for the INT1/INT2 results.</p>

Stratus 17 Seventeenth Setting of the Stratus Ocean Reference Station Cruise on Board RV Cabo de Hornos April 3 - 16, 2018 Valparaiso - Valparaiso, Chile

The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the Chilean research vessel Cabo de Hornos. During the 2018 cruise on the Cabo de Hornos to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 16) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 17 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. The Stratus 17 had parted from its anchor site on January 4 2018, so its recovery was done in two separate operations: first the drifting buoy with mooring line under it, then the bottom part still attached to the anchor. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.

Stratus 16 Sixteenth Setting of the Stratus Ocean Reference Station Cruise on Board RV Ronald H. Brown May 5 - 20, 2017 Rodman, Panama - Arica, Chile

The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown. During the 2017 cruise on the Ronald H. Brown to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 15) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 16 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.

Penguatan Ketahanan Masyarakat terhadap Pandemi Covid-19 dengan Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata

The Covid-19 pandemic is a problem that is being faced by the majority countries in the world. Various efforts have been made to reduce the spread of the virus, one of which is community service activities carried out by students or commonly referred to as Community Service Program (CSP). This article reports the CSP activities in the context of handling the Covid-19 pandemic carried out by a group of students in their home areas during the period of limiting learning activities on campus. The activity uses the community education method which consists of the stages of initial observation, program preparation, program implementation, and evaluation. The results of the evaluation show that the CSP program contributes to increasing public understanding of the Coronavirus, awareness to implement health protocols, productive economic activities, and online learning activities during the enactment of extraordinary conditions.