Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) flower development and gynoecium patterning in wild type and ettin mutants

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sessions
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Wild Type

scholarly journals Auxin Response Dynamics During Wild-Type and entire Flower Development in Tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1661-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Goldental-Cohen ◽  
Alon Israeli ◽  
Naomi Ori ◽  
Hagai Yasuor
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Response Dynamics

scholarly journals Extending the Toolkit for Beauty: Differential Co-Expression of DROOPING LEAF-Like and Class B MADS-Box Genes during Phalaenopsis Flower Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7025
Author(s):  
Francesca Lucibelli ◽  
Maria Carmen Valoroso ◽  
Günter Theißen ◽  
Susanne Nolden ◽  
Mariana Mondragon-Palomino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Class B ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Orchid Flower

The molecular basis of orchid flower development is accomplished through a specific regulatory program in which the class B MADS-box AP3/DEF genes play a central role. In particular, the differential expression of four class B AP3/DEF genes is responsible for specification of organ identities in the orchid perianth. Other MADS-box genes (AGL6 and SEP-like) enrich the molecular program underpinning the orchid perianth development, resulting in the expansion of the original “orchid code” in an even more complex gene regulatory network. To identify candidates that could interact with the AP3/DEF genes in orchids, we conducted an in silico differential expression analysis in wild-type and peloric Phalaenopsis. The results suggest that a YABBY DL-like gene could be involved in the molecular program leading to the development of the orchid perianth, particularly the labellum. Two YABBY DL/CRC homologs are present in the genome of Phalaenopsis equestris, PeDL1 and PeDL2, and both express two alternative isoforms. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that both genes are expressed in column and ovary. In addition, PeDL2 is more strongly expressed the labellum than in the other tepals of wild-type flowers. This pattern is similar to that of the AP3/DEF genes PeMADS3/4 and opposite to that of PeMADS2/5. In peloric mutant Phalaenopsis, where labellum-like structures substitute the lateral inner tepals, PeDL2 is expressed at similar levels of the PeMADS2-5 genes, suggesting the involvement of PeDL2 in the development of the labellum, together with the PeMADS2-PeMADS5 genes. Although the yeast two-hybrid analysis did not reveal the ability of PeDL2 to bind the PeMADS2-PeMADS5 proteins directly, the existence of regulatory interactions is suggested by the presence of CArG-boxes and other MADS-box transcription factor binding sites within the putative promoter of the orchid DL2 gene.

scholarly journals The MADS-box gene FveSEP3 plays essential roles in flower organogenesis and fruit development in woodland strawberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Pi ◽  
Shaoqiang Hu ◽  
Laichao Cheng ◽  
Ruhan Zhong ◽  
Zhuoying Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Causative Mutation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Woodland Strawberry

AbstractFlower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction. The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species; however, the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less understood. In this work, we identified an EMS mutant named R27 in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), showing the conversion of petals, stamens, and carpels to sepaloid organs in a semidominant inheritance fashion. Mapping by sequencing revealed that the class E gene homolog FveSEP3 (FvH4_4g23530) possessed the causative mutation in R27 due to a G to E amino acid change in the conserved MADS domain. Additional fvesep3CR mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed similar phenotypes to fvesep3-R27. Overexpressing wild-type or mutated FveSEP3 in Arabidopsis suggested that the mutation in R27 might cause a dominant-negative effect. Further analyses indicated that FveSEP3 physically interacted with each of the ABCE proteins in strawberry. Moreover, both R27 and fvesep3CR mutants exhibited parthenocarpic fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis revealed that both common and specific differentially expressed genes were identified in young fruit at 6–7 days post anthesis (DPA) of fvesep3 and pollinated wild type when compared to unpollinated wild type, especially those in the auxin pathway, a key hormone regulating fruit set in strawberry. Together, we provided compelling evidence that FveSEP3 plays predominant E functions compared to other E gene homologs in flower development and that FveSEP3 represses fruit growth in the absence of pollination and promotes fruit ripening in strawberry.

scholarly journals CLAVATA3 is a specific regulator of shoot and floral meristem development affecting the same processes as CLAVATA1

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 2057-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Clark ◽  
M. P. Running ◽  
E. M. Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Embryo Stage ◽  
Double Heterozygosity ◽  
Floral Meristems

We have previously described the phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with mutations at the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) locus (Clark, S. E., Running, M. P. and Meyerowitz, E. M. (1993) Development 119, 397–418). Our investigations demonstrated that clv1 plants develop enlarged vegetative and inflorescence apical meristems, and enlarged and indeterminate floral meristems. Here, we present an analysis of mutations at a separate locus, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), that disrupt meristem development in a manner similar to clv1 mutations. clv3 plants develop enlarged apical meristems as early as the mature embryo stage. clv3 floral meristems are also enlarged compared with wild type, and maintain a proliferating meristem throughout flower development. clv3 root meristems are unaffected, indicating that CLV3 is a specific regulator of shoot and floral meristem development. We demonstrate that the strong clv3-2 mutant is largely epistatic to clv1 mutants, and that the semi- dominance of clv1 alleles is enhanced by double heterozygosity with clv3 alleles, suggesting that these genes work in the same pathway to control meristem development. We propose that CLV1 and CLV3 are required to promote the differentiation of cells at the shoot and floral meristem.

scholarly journals OsFPFL4 is Involved in the Root and Flower Development by Affecting Auxin Levels and ROS Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaomin Guo ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Zizhao Xie ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Rongfeng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Ros Homeostasis

Abstract Background FPF1 (flowering-promoting factor 1) is one of the important family involved in the genetic control of flowering time in plant. Until now, limited knowledge concerning FPF1 family in rice has been understood. Results As a homologue of AtFPF1, FPF1-like protein 4 of rice (OsFPFL4) is expressed in various tissues of plants. The functions of OsFPFL4 in rice were investigated by the reverse genetics approaches. Plants overexpressing OsFPFL4 have shorter primary root, more lateral roots and adventitious roots than wild type; however, RNA interference (RNAi) of OsFPFL4 significantly inhibits the growth of root system, and also delays the flowering time in rice. Interestingly, increased or repressed expression of OsFPFL4 leads to shrunken anthers and abnormal pollen grains. It is well recognized that auxin plays important roles in plant root and flower development, and the root elongation is also regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Here, our results show that rice plants overexpressing OsFPFL4 accumulate more auxin in the shoot and root, whereas RNAi lines have less auxin than wild type. As expected, the transcript levels of genes responsible for auxin biosynthesis and polar transport are altered in these OsFPFL4 transgenic plants. As to ROS, slightly higher ROS levels were detected in overexpression root and inflorescence than the counterparts of wild type; however, the ROS levels were significantly increased in the RNAi lines, due to increased expression of ROS-producers and reduced expression of ROS-scavengers. Conclusion Our results reveal that OsFPFL4 is involved in modulating the root and flower development by affecting auxin and ROS homeostasis in rice plants. OsFPFL4 controls auxin accumulation via affecting auxin biosynthesis and transport, and also modulates ROS homeostasis by balancing ROS producing and scavenging. Thus, auxin-mediated ROS production might play a role in regulating redox status, which controls plant root and flower development.

Inflorescence and flower development in wild-type and sid mutant Melilotus alba, white sweetclover

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 732-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Hirsch ◽  
Rebecca SN Krupp ◽  
Yimei Lin ◽  
Susan S Wang ◽  
Weigang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Abc Model ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Secondary Inflorescence

White sweetclover, Melilotus alba Desr. (Fabaceae), produces white, papilionoid flowers on a simple raceme. Individual floral apices originate in the axil of a bract. Each flower consists of five alternating whorls that, from outside to inside, consist of (i) five sepals, (ii) five petals, of which two fuse along their abaxial edges to form the keel, (iii) five antesepalous stamens, (iv) five antepetalous stamens with shorter filaments, and (v) a single carpel containing two to four ovules. The development of the wild-type sweetclover inflorescence and flowers is described in detail and compared with a mutant in which secondary inflorescences, instead of individual flowers, developed in axils of the bracts, especially at the base of the inflorescence. This white sweetclover mutant, designated sid for "secondary inflorescence development", might serve as a test of the ABC model of floral development, which was based on the model plants Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis.Key words: white sweetclover, inflorescence, flower, development, sid mutant.

scholarly journals Homeotic genes controlling flower development in Antirrhinum

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Enrico S. Coen ◽  
Sandra Doyle ◽  
Jose M. Romero ◽  
Robert Elliott ◽  
Ruth Magrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Overlapping Domains ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Homeotic Mutations ◽  
Primary Gene

In order to study genes controlling flower development, we have carried out an extensive transposon-mutagenesis experiment in Antirrhinum majus. More than 15 independent homeotic mutations were obtained, allowing three categories of genes to be defined. The first includes floricaula (flo), a primary gene required for the initiation of the floral developmental pathway. In the absence of the wild-type flo product, proliferating inflorescence meristems arise in place of flowers. The flo gene has been isolated and shown to be expressed transiently in a subset of organ primordia in the floral meristem. The second category includes genes that affect the identity, and also sometimes the number, of whorls of organs in the flower. These genes act in overlapping domains so that each whorl has a distinct combination of gene functions, suggesting a model for the genetic control of whorl identity and number. Genes of the third category control differences between organs In the same whorl and hence the overall symmetry of the flower. We discuss how the basic plan of the flower and inflorescence may arise through the interactions between the three categories of genes.

The additional stamens of flo10-1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana are compromised in production and viability of pollen

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1742
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D Pylatuik ◽  
Peta C Bonham-Smith ◽  
Arthur R Davis
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Stamen Number ◽  
Significant Difference

flo10-1 (superman-2) is a floral mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana that normally produces female sterile flowers. This phenotypic aberration results from a combination of increased stamen number and reduced or abnormal carpels that are nonfunctional. The flowers of flo10-1 contain two lateral and four median stamens, as seen in wild-type plants; however, they also contain several additional stamens. All stamen types have been examined with respect to frequency and location within the flower. The amount of pollen produced from each of the three types of stamens of flo10-1 and the viability of this pollen were also examined and compared with wild-type (cv. Columbia) to determine the consequences of this mutation on male fertility. Both the lateral and median stamens of flo10-1 and wild-type plants produced similar amounts of pollen per stamen and demonstrated no significant difference in viability. Per stamen, the additionals of flo10-1 produced significantly less pollen than those of the laterals and medians. Furthermore, the pollen produced from these additional stamens was significantly less viable. Although less abundant and viable, pollen produced by additional stamens can effectively fertilize ovules, producing normal, healthy plants.Key words: pollen (viability, production), stamen, male fertility, flower development, Arabidopsis thaliana, flo10-1.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Li Zhao ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Mao-Sheng Chen ◽  
Zeng-Fu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Sucrose Level

Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.

CHORIPETALA and DESPENTEADO: general regulators during plant development and potential floral targets of FIMBRIATA-mediated degradation

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 3725-3734
Author(s):  
M. Wilkinson ◽  
E. de Andrade Silva ◽  
S. Zachgo ◽  
H. Saedler ◽  
Z. Schwarz-Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Class B ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Class B Gene ◽  
F Box Protein

Two Antirrhinum majus mutants, choripetala (cho) and despenteado (desp), exhibit identical highly pleiotropic phenotypes including petaloid transformation of first whorl floral organs, narrowing of both vegetative and floral organs, reduction in carpel size and fertility and delayed germination. The petaloid first whorl results from ectopic expression of the class B genes DEFICIENS and GLOBOSA and is correlated with the ectopic expression of the proposed class B/C gene regulator FIMBRIATA (FIM). Ectopic class B gene expression is apparent from the earliest point at which class B gene transcription can be detected in the wild type, indicating that the pre-patterning of the class B domain has been disrupted in these mutants. Single and double mutant analyses indicate that CHO and DESP also play a role in regulation of the class C domain. Interestingly, the cho and desp mutations partially suppress the phenotype of fim null mutants, suggesting that the F-box protein FIM may target a member of the CHO/DESP pathway for degradation. We propose that CHO and DESP are members of a ‘basal regulatory function’ influencing many processes throughout plant development and in particular are directly or indirectly required for the repression of class B and C genes during early stages of flower development.

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