scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Li Zhao ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Mao-Sheng Chen ◽  
Zeng-Fu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Sucrose Level

Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.

scholarly journals STY1 and STY2 promote the formation of apical tissues during Arabidopsis gynoecium development

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (20) ◽  
pp. 4707-4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kuusk ◽  
Joel J. Sohlberg ◽  
Jeff A. Long ◽  
Ingela Fridborg ◽  
Eva Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Gynoecium Development

Gynoecium ontogenesis in Arabidopsis is accomplished by the co-ordinated activity of genes that control patterning and the regional differentiation of tissues, and ultimately results in the formation of a basal ovary, a short style and an apical stigma. A transposon insertion in the STYLISH1 (STY1) gene results in gynoecia with aberrant style morphology, while an insertion mutation in the closely related STYLISH2 (STY2) gene has no visible effect on gynoecium development. However, sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutant plants exhibit an enhanced sty1-1 mutant phenotype and are characterized by a further reduction in the amount of stylar and stigmatic tissues and decreased proliferation of stylar xylem. These data imply that STY1 and STY2 are partially redundant and that both genes promote style and stigma formation and influence vascular development during Arabidopsis gynoecium development. Consistently, STY1 and STY2 are expressed in the apical parts of the developing gynoecium and ectopic expression of either STY1 or STY2 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter is sufficient to transform valve cells into style cells. STY1::GUS and STY2::GUS activity is detected in many other organs as well as the gynoecium, suggesting that STY1 and STY2 may have additional functions. This is supported by the sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutants producing rosette and cauline leaves with a higher degree of serration than wild-type leaves. STY1 and STY2 are members of a small gene family, and encode proteins with a RING finger-like motif. Double mutant analyses indicate that STY1 genetically interacts with SPATULA and possibly also with CRABS CLAW.

scholarly journals Ectopic expression ofJatropha curcas APETALA1(JcAP1) caused early flowering in Arabidopsis, but not in Jatropha

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyong Tang ◽  
Yan-Bin Tao ◽  
Zeng-Fu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Organ Identity

Jatropha curcasis a promising feedstock for biofuel production because Jatropha oil is highly suitable for the production of biodiesel and bio-jet fuels. However, Jatropha exhibits a low seed yield as a result of unreliable and poor flowering.APETALA1(AP1) is a floral meristem and organ identity gene in higher plants. The flower meristem identity genes of Jatropha have not yet been identified or characterized. To better understand the genetic control of flowering in Jatropha, anAP1homolog (JcAP1) was isolated from Jatropha. An amino acid sequence analysis of JcAP1 revealed a high similarity to the AP1 proteins of other perennial plants.JcAP1was expressed in inflorescence buds, flower buds, sepals and petals. The highest expression level was observed during the early developmental stage of the flower buds. The overexpression ofJcAP1using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter resulted in extremely early flowering and abnormal flowers in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Several flowering genes downstream ofAP1were up-regulated in theJcAP1-overexpressing transgenic plant lines. Furthermore,JcAP1overexpression rescued the phenotype caused by the Arabidopsis AP1 loss-of-function mutantap1-11. Therefore,JcAP1is an ortholog ofAtAP1,which plays a similar role in the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis. However, the overexpression ofJcAP1in Jatropha using the same promoter resulted in little variation in the flowering time and floral organs, indicating thatJcAP1may be insufficient to regulate flowering by itself in Jatropha. This study helps to elucidate the function ofJcAP1and contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flower development in Jatropha.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Gs5PTase8, a Soybean Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Song Sun ◽  
Defeng Kong ◽  
Junliang Song ◽  
Lumei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Wild Type

Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) function in inositol signaling by regulating the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives. Previous reports showed that 5PTases play a critical role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a novel 5PTase gene, Gs5PTase8, from the salt-tolerance locus of chromosome 3 in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Gs5PTase8 is highly up-regulated under salt treatment. It is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane with a strong signal in the apoplast. Ectopic expression of Gs5PTase8 significantly increased salt tolerance in transgenic BY-2 cells, soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis, suggesting Gs5PTase8 could increase salt tolerance in plants. The overexpression of Gs5PTase8 significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress. The seeds of Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis germinated earlier than the wild type under abscisic acid treatment, indicating Gs5PTase8 would alter ABA sensitivity. Besides, transcriptional analyses showed that the stress-responsive genes, AtRD22, AtRD29A and AtRD29B, were induced with a higher level in the Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in the wild type under salt stress. These results reveal that Gs5PTase8 play a positive role in salt tolerance and might be a candidate gene for improving soybean adaptation to salt stress.

scholarly journals The Myristylation Motif of Pto Is Not Required for Disease Resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Tsu Loh ◽  
Jianmin Zhou ◽  
Gregory B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Speck ◽  
Bacterial Speck Disease

The tomato Pto kinase confers resistance to bacterial speck disease caused by strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that express the avirulence gene avrPto. Pto contains a putative myristylation site at its amino terminus that was hypothesized to play a role in localizing Pto in the plant cell. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change the invariant glycine residue in the myristylation motif to an alanine. Transgenes encoding the mutant Pto(G2A) and wild-type Pto were placed behind the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transformed into tomato plants that are susceptible to bacterial speck disease. Both the mutant and wild-type forms of Pto conferred resistance to a strain of P. syringae pv. tomato expressing avrPto. These results indicate that the myristylation motif of Pto is not required for bacterial speck disease resistance.

scholarly journals Over-expression of the Hybrid Aspen Homeobox PttKN1 Gene in Red Leaf Beet Induced Altered Coloration of Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Quanle XU ◽  
Mei-yu RUAN ◽  
Ying-jie TAO ◽  
Xin HU
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Pttkn1 Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Morphological Modification

PttKN1 (Populus tremula × tremuloides KNOTTED1) gene belongs to the KNOXI gene family. It plays an important role in plant development, typically in meristem initiation, maintenance and organogenesis, and potentially in plant coloration. To investigate the gene functions further, it was introduced into red leaf beet by the floral dip method mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transformants demonstrated typical phenotypes as with other PttKN1 transformants. These alterations were very different from the morphology of the wild type. Among them, morphological modification of changed color throughout the entire plant from claret of wild type to yellowish green was the highlight in those transgenic PttKN1-beet plants. The result of spraying selection showed that the PttKN1-beet plants had kanamycin resistance. PCR assay of the 35S-Promoter, NPTII and PttKN1 gene, PCR-Southern analysis of the NPTII and PttKN1 gene showed that the foreign PttKN1 gene had successfully integrated into the genome of beet plant. Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene was ectopic expressed in transgenic plants. These data suggested that there is a correlation between the ectopic expression of PttKN1 gene and morphological alterations of beet plants. Pigment content assay showed that betaxanthins concentrations shared little difference between wild type and transgenic lines, while betacyanins content in transgenic plants was sharply decreased, indicating that the altered plant coloration of the transgenic beet plants may be caused by the changed betacyanins content. The tyrosinase study suggested that the sharply decreased of betacyanins content in transgenic plants was caused via the decreased tyrosinase level. Therefore, the reason for the altered plant coloration may be due to partial inhibition of betacyanin biosynthesis that was induced via the pleiotropic roles of PttKN1 gene.

scholarly journals GmFULc Is Induced by Short Days in Soybean and May Accelerate Flowering in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10333
Author(s):  
Jingzhe Sun ◽  
Mengyuan Wang ◽  
Chuanlin Zhao ◽  
Tianmeng Liu ◽  
Zhengya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Short Days

Flowering is an important developmental process from vegetative to reproductive growth in plant; thus, it is necessary to analyze the genes involved in the regulation of flowering time. The MADS-box transcription factor family exists widely in plants and plays an important role in the regulation of flowering time. However, the molecular mechanism of GmFULc involved in the regulation of plant flowering is not very clear. In this study, GmFULc protein had a typical MADS domain and it was a member of MADS-box transcription factor family. The expression analysis revealed that GmFULc was induced by short days (SD) and regulated by the circadian clock. Compared to wild type (WT), overexpression of GmFULc in transgenic Arabidopsis caused significantly earlier flowering time, while ful mutants flowered later, and overexpression of GmFULc rescued the late-flowering phenotype of ful mutants. ChIP-seq of GmFULc binding sites identified potential direct targets, including TOPLESS (TPL), and it inhibited the transcriptional activity of TPL. In addition, the transcription levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) and LEAFY (LFY) in the downstream of TPL were increased in GmFULc- overexpressionArabidopsis, suggesting that the early flowering phenotype was associated with up-regulation of these genes. Our results suggested that GmFULc inhibited the transcriptional activity of TPL and induced expression of FT, SOC1 and LFY to promote flowering.

CHORIPETALA and DESPENTEADO: general regulators during plant development and potential floral targets of FIMBRIATA-mediated degradation

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 3725-3734
Author(s):  
M. Wilkinson ◽  
E. de Andrade Silva ◽  
S. Zachgo ◽  
H. Saedler ◽  
Z. Schwarz-Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Class B ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Class B Gene ◽  
F Box Protein

Two Antirrhinum majus mutants, choripetala (cho) and despenteado (desp), exhibit identical highly pleiotropic phenotypes including petaloid transformation of first whorl floral organs, narrowing of both vegetative and floral organs, reduction in carpel size and fertility and delayed germination. The petaloid first whorl results from ectopic expression of the class B genes DEFICIENS and GLOBOSA and is correlated with the ectopic expression of the proposed class B/C gene regulator FIMBRIATA (FIM). Ectopic class B gene expression is apparent from the earliest point at which class B gene transcription can be detected in the wild type, indicating that the pre-patterning of the class B domain has been disrupted in these mutants. Single and double mutant analyses indicate that CHO and DESP also play a role in regulation of the class C domain. Interestingly, the cho and desp mutations partially suppress the phenotype of fim null mutants, suggesting that the F-box protein FIM may target a member of the CHO/DESP pathway for degradation. We propose that CHO and DESP are members of a ‘basal regulatory function’ influencing many processes throughout plant development and in particular are directly or indirectly required for the repression of class B and C genes during early stages of flower development.

Overexpression of an APETALA1-like gene from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) induces earlier flowering and abnormal leaf development in transgenic Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Lifang Hu ◽  
Shuifeng Ye ◽  
Lunwei Jiang ◽  
Shiqiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

MADS-box proteins are important transcription factors that play essential roles in various aspects of plant development, particularly in flower development. In this study, we performed the identification and functional characterization of CsMADS09 isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). CsMADS09 contains a 648-bp open reading frame encoding 215 amino acid residues, and shares high sequence identities with the members of the AP1/FUL family of MADS-box proteins, especially the euAPETALA1 (euAP1) subclade. Many cis-elements related to plant development, stress response, and hormones were identified in the promoter region of CsMADS09. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that CsMADS09 was mainly expressed in reproductive tissues such as male flowers and unexpanded ovaries, while its expression was low in roots and only traceable in fertilized ovaries. Moreover, the results revealed that CsMADS09 expression tended to decline during male flower development and stayed nearly constant during female flower development. Ectopic expression of CsMADS09 resulted in earlier flowering and abnormal leaf development in transgenic Arabidopsis. This study is the first functional analysis of an AP1-like gene from cucumber and provides some clues for revealing the molecular mechanisms of flower development in cucumber.

scholarly journals Complementation of Coat Protein Mutants of Pepper Huasteco Geminivirus in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Guevara-González ◽  
P. L. Ramos ◽  
R. F. Rivera-Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Protein Mutants ◽  
Infectivity Analysis

The role of the pepper huasteco virus (PHV) coat protein (CP) gene during the infection was investigated in three different hosts by using mutations that produced truncated proteins and by complementation assays in transgenic plants. The infectivity analysis revealed that mutants that express truncated CP (CP7 and CP191) behave like the wild-type virus when inoculated onto pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants in terms of symptom expression and viral DNA movement. On the contrary, the CP7 mutant was unable to systemically infect tobacco plants, whereas only 10% of the plants inoculated with the CP191 mutant became infected. The CP7 mutant was complemented by coinoculating it with another geminivirus (taino tomato mottle virus). No complementation was observed in plants from nine transgenic tobacco lines expressing CP under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. However, 3 out of 10 lines expressing CP under the control of its own promoter (693 nucleotides) were able to complement the CP7 mutant. Interestingly, upon infection, the levels of CP mRNA in 693CP plants increased dramatically, probably due to transactivation of the CP promoter by the viral protein AC2.

scholarly journals High Expression of Truncated Viral Rep Protein Confers Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Transgenic Tomato Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brunetti ◽  
M. Tavazza ◽  
E. Noris ◽  
R. Tavazza ◽  
P. Caciagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rep Protein ◽  
Plant Line ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

A truncated version of the C1 gene of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV), encoding the first 210 amino acids of the multifunctional Rep protein, was introduced by Agrobacterium transformation into Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Moneymaker plants under the transcriptional control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. One R0 plant (line 47) carrying the C1 gene in two loci (A and B) and accumulating the truncated Rep protein (T-Rep), was crossed with either a wild-type plant, or a C1 antisense plant (line 10). The wild type (wt) × 47 progeny were phenotypically homogeneous, contained either A or B locus, expressed high levels of T-Rep protein, had a “curled” phenotype, and were resistant to TYLCV when challenged either by agroinfection or by the vector Bemisia tabaci. In the 10 × 47 progeny, plants carrying only the sense gene behaved like the wt × 47 progeny, while those containing both sense and antisense transgenes did not accumulate the T-Rep protein, showed a normal phenotype, and were not resistant, showing that accumulation of T-Rep protein is required to confer TYLCV resistance. Plants accumulating T-Rep were susceptible to a distinct geminivirus, tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV-Au).

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