Nutrient and Biomass Allocation in Five Grass Species in an Oklahoma Tallgrass Prairie

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight E. Adams ◽  
Linda L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Grass Species

Effect of drought on biomass allocation in two invasive and two native grass species dominating the mixed-grass prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Dong ◽  
J. Patton ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
P. Nyren ◽  
P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass

scholarly journals 154 Awardee Talk – Tares among the wheat: sericea lespedeza invasion of native tallgrass prairie

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
K C Olson
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Beef Cow

Abstract North-American tallgrass prairie provides an array of ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, and forage for grazing livestock. Once covering 68 million ha, only 4% remains today. The largest remnant (~1.5 million ha) lies in the Kansas Flint Hills, home to ~1.3 million yearling cattle and ~90,000 beef cows annually. Unfortunately, the functionality of this ecosystem is threatened by an exotic invader - sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). Known colloquially as sericea, it is a perennial forb with prodigious capacity to proliferate. Sericea selection by grazing cattle is poor; condensed-tannin concentrations in wild-type sericea approach 20% of plant DM. Total-tract N digestibility by steers consuming sericea-contaminated tallgrass-prairie hay was documented at < 0%. Sericea control has been attempted using herbicides. This has not limited proliferation and has resulted in collateral damage to non-target lifeforms. Attempts to naturalize sericea to the ecosystem via enhanced herbivory were evaluated. Supplementation of beef cow diets with tannin-binding feedstuffs resulted in ≥29% increases in sericea selection compared with non-supplemented cows. Co-grazing beef cows and goats was associated with >20% more defoliation of sericea than beef-cow grazing alone. Sequential grazing of yearling steers followed by mature ewes resulted in >92% defoliation of sericea compared with < 2% in pastures grazed by steers alone. Unfortunately, widespread adoption of these techniques by the ranching community hasn’t occurred because of costs or logistical constraints. More recently, prescribed fire as a low-cost means of control was evaluated. Prescribed fires in late summer greatly diminished sericea proliferation compared with prescribed fires in spring (i.e., traditional prescribed-fire season). No changes in peak forage biomass or C4 grass-species abundance were observed; moreover, native legumes and nectar-producing forbs increased ≥2-fold in response to summer fire. Cultural acceptability of prescribed fire in the region is high; significant adoption by the ranching community has been observed.

Effect of soil drying on growth, biomass allocation and leaf gas exchange of two annual grass species

1996 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Kalapos ◽  
Riki van den Boogaard ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Annual Grass

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH AND BIOMASS ALLOCATION IN SOME WETLAND GRASS SPECIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3A) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Han Thi Pham ◽  
Viet Hoang Vo ◽  
Trang Thi Thu Dang ◽  
Tung Chau Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Dong Minh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Salt Stress Condition

Salt stress causes serious damage to many cellular and physiological processes that leads to yield reduction. The study induced salt stress using Hoagland solution added NaCl to evaluate its effects on plant growth and biomass allocation of some wetland grass species in order to identify salt-tolerant species for replacing and/or supplementing rice/grass in rice-shrimp model and salt-affected area in the Mekong Delta. The study also seeks to evaluate the response of leaf chlorophyll (SPAD unit) and proline content in salt-treated plants to varying application of salinity. Typha orientalis, Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis and Scirpus littoralis were studied in hydroponics condition with four levels of NaCl of 5, 10, 15, 20‰ and the control treatment (without adding NaCl). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The salt-treated plants showed visually clear responses of inhibited growth under salt stress condition compared to the control plants. Among the four studied species, T. orientalis produced the highest dry shoot biomass (15.5 g DW/plant), while E. dulcis had the lowest value (2.8 g DW/plant). However, only T. orientalis showed significantly decreased in biomass as salinity increased with 9.3 and 4.6 times lower of fresh and dry biomass in plants grown at the salinity level of 20‰ compared to those grown in the control treatment. The other three plant species did not affect by salinity levels. The results indicated that S. littoralis, L. articulata and E. dulcis could tolerate at high salinity of 20‰ (eq. to the EC value in the nutrient solution of 38.0 dS/m) and could be potential candidate to grow in the rice-shrimp model or in the salt-affected soils.  

scholarly journals Barley Yellow Dwarf Disease in Natural Populations of Dominant Tallgrass Prairie Species in Kansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Garrett ◽  
S. P. Dendy ◽  
A. G. Power ◽  
G. K. Blaisdell ◽  
H. M. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Konza Prairie ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Impact

The grasses Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), and Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) are four of the most common plant species present in a tallgrass prairie (1). Infection with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, family Luteoviridae) is of interest in these species because of the potential effects of the virus on tallgrass prairie plant communities and the potential for tallgrass prairie to function as a reservoir of the virus for infection in wheat or barley fields. In a previous inoculation experiment, an unidentified strain of BYDV transmitted by the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi was reported to infect S. scoparium but none of the other three grass species (2). We sampled for the presence of five virus strains in at least 50 blooming plants of each grass species in a natural tallgrass prairie stand in August 2000. Samples were collected in watersheds that were designated 1B, 1D, K1A, 20B, and 20C at Konza Prairie Biological Station in the Flint Hills near Manhattan, KS. To detect the virus, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antibodies purchased from Agdia (Elkhart, IN). For the PAV, MAV, RMV, and SGV strains, we used double-antibody sandwich ELISA with alkaline phosphatase label. For Cereal yellow dwarf virus (RPV), we used compound direct ELISA with alkaline phosphatase label. The scoring of ELISA results was based on comparison with infected and uninfected control plants of the same species. Symptoms of infection in the field were difficult to interpret visually, since plants in this natural environment often showed multiple symptoms of stress. None of the five strains were detected in 51 individuals of S. nutans. For 50 individuals of S. scoparium, the incidence of infection by the different strains was 4% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 2% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 58% for SGV. For 51 individuals of P. virgatum, the incidence of infection was 31% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 0% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 4% for SGV. For 64 individuals of A. gerardii, the incidence of infection was 59% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 0% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 3% for SGV. The impact of BYDV on these tallgrass prairie species remains to be determined. The PAV strain is the most commonly reported strain in wheat in Kansas but was not recovered from these grass species. References: (1) C. C. Freeman. The flora of Konza Prairie: A historical review and contemporary patterns. Pages 69–80 in: Grassland Dynamics. A. K. Knapp et al., eds. Oxford, 1998. (2) W. N. Stoner. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:593, 1976.

Native Grass Establishment following Application of Pyridine Herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Michael J. Moechnig ◽  
Mary B. Halstvedt ◽  
Vanelle F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Species Establishment

Invasive species management is often more successful if desirable species are seeded after the target weed is controlled. However, control of invasive plants must be maintained following reseeding or the seeded species may fail to establish. A regional study conducted in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota evaluated the effect of aminopyralid, clopyralid, or picloram applied in the fall prior to fall-dormant seeding or seeding the following spring on cool- and warm-season native grass species establishment. Herbicides were applied at standard rates used to control invasive broadleaf weeds in the upper midwestern tallgrass prairie region of the United States. Cool-season species included Canada wildrye, green needlegrass, and intermediate wheatgrass. Warm-season species included big bluestem, little bluestem, sideoats grama, switchgrass, and Indiangrass. Aminopyralid did not reduce seedling establishment in either fall or spring seeding. Grasses generally were not affected by a pretreatment of the pyridine standards clopyralid or picloram either, with the exception of a slight reduction in fall-seeded establishment of intermediate wheatgrass. Picloram also slightly reduced fall-seeded establishment of Canada wildrye. Application of aminopyralid can safely be used to control susceptible invasive species preceding grass species establishment, with a safety margin similar to or slightly better than that with the pyridine standards clopyralid or picloram.

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