Plasticity in Morphology and Biomass Allocation in Cynodon dactylon, a Grass Species Forming Stolons and Rhizomes

Oikos ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Dong ◽  
Hans de Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Grass Species

scholarly journals Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha ◽  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Experimental Plots

This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

scholarly journals Eco-Taxonomic Study of Family Poaceae (Gramineae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nauman Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Tabassum Yaseen ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Akhtar Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Over Exploitation

Background: The study of species diversity, its conservations and extinction can be done by using systematics in plant biodiversity. Poaceae is a very diverse grass family with great economic importance as it contains crops like rice, maize, oats, wheat, etc. Objectives: The current study was undertaken in district Charsadda during 2017-18 in flowering season to collect different grass species from the area. Methodology: Grass specimens were gathered, preserved, mounted and then identified from the available literature/native flora (Flora of Pakistan). Ecological parameters like habitat, class, life cycle and biological spectra were determined. A total of 51 taxa comprised of 34 genera, 5 subfamilies and 11 tribes of grasses were collected from the District Charsadda. The subfamily Panicoideae was the leading family with highest number of genera, taxa and tribes, followed by Pooideae. Results: The biological spectrum showed that in the life-form class, therophyte had the highest number of species 32 (62.74%), followed by hemicryptophyte having 13 species (25.49%). In the Leaf size class, microphylls were dominant with 24 species (47.05%) followed by nanophylls having 14 species (27.45%). The adaptational survival of plants showed that 32 species (62.74%) were terrestrial and 19 species (37.25%) were amphibious in our study. The Life-cycle class depicted that 33 species (64.70%) were annual, 17 species (33.33%) were perennial and 1 species (1.960%) was annual or perennial. The Palatability class showed that 35 species (68.62%) were highly palatable, followed by less-palatable 11 species (21.56%), non-palatable 2 species (3.921%) and moderately palatable 3 species (5.882%). The Abundant class were determined through species rating scale in ecology Acfor (Abundant Common Frequent Occasional Rare) scale to describe species abundance in a given area; 26 species (50.98%) were occasional, 12 species (23.52%) were frequent, 7 species (13.72%) were rare, 5 species (9.803%) were common and only 1 species cynodon dactylon (1.960%) was abundant in the whole area and present everywhere in the research area in every season. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the study that unwise collection, over-grazing, over-exploitation, over-consumption and overutilization are major biotic factors, which affect the diversity of the grasses in the area and affect the populations’ sustainability on the earth crust. Therefore, the study aims to document and explore wild grasses from the area, which might help in future researches. This survey will be helpful in identifying plant wealth and status for their exploitation on systematic approaches and scientific basis.

scholarly journals Syntaxonomical analysis of sandy grassland vegetation dominated by Festuca vaginata and F. pseudovaginata in the Pannonian basin

Hacquetia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Károly Penksza ◽  
Péter Csontos ◽  
Gergely Pápay
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
Ephedra Distachya ◽  
Sandy Grassland ◽  
Dominant Grass

Abstract Festucetum vaginatae Rapaics ex Soó 1929 em. Borhidi 1996 is a characteristic association of the calcareous sandy areas of the Pannonian basin; its dominant grass species is Festuca vaginata. Another typical species of these sandy areas is the newly discovered F. pseudovaginata. The question is whether F. pseudovaginata forms an independent coenotaxa? Our study proved that F. vaginata and F. pseudovaginata populations grow separately and compose different associations. Stands dominated by F. pseudovaginata had a higher species richness and harboured twice as many Festuco-Brometea species compared to the Festucetum vaginatae stands. Diagnostic species of the Festucetum pseudovaginatae association are Festuca pseudovaginata, Colchicum arenarium, Ephedra distachya, Koeleria majoriflora, and Astragalus onobrychis. The number of species, the density of the individuals, and the variability and diversity of the vegetation separated it from the Festucetum vaginatae association; thus, it can be considered an independent endemic association. Festucetum pseudovaginatae has its own differentiating and dominant species: Carex stenophylla, Cynodon dactylon, Eryngium campestre, Kochia laniflora.

scholarly journals Additional Host Plants of Four Species of Billbug Found on New Jersey Turfgrasses

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Johnson-Cicalese ◽  
C.R. Funk
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Red Fescue

Studies were conducted on the host plants of four billbug species (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, S. venatus Chitt., S. inaequalis Say, and S. minimus Hart) found on New Jersey turfgrasses. A collection of 4803 adults from pure stands of various turfgrasses revealed all four billbugs on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and S. parvulus, S. venatus, and S. minimus on Chewings fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.). Since the presence of larvae, pupae, or teneral adults more accurately indicates the host status of a grass species, immature billbugs were collected from plugs of the various grass species and reared to adults for identification. All four species were reared from immature billbugs found in Kentucky bluegrass turf; immatures of S. venatus, S. inaequalis, and S. minimus were found in tall fescue; S. venatus and S. minimus in perennial ryegrass; and S. inaequalis in strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra). A laboratory experiment was also conducted in which billbug adults were confined in petri dishes with either Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, or bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.). Only minor differences were found between the four grasses in billbug survival, number of eggs laid, and amount of feeding. In general, bermudagrass was the least favored host and the other grasses were equally adequate hosts. The results of this study indicate a need for updating host-plant lists of these four billbug species.

Effect of drought on biomass allocation in two invasive and two native grass species dominating the mixed-grass prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Dong ◽  
J. Patton ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
P. Nyren ◽  
P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass

scholarly journals Competition between a Lawn-Forming Cynodon dactylon and a Tufted Grass Species Hyparrhenia hirta on a South-African Dystrophic Savanna

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0140789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Zwerts ◽  
H. H. T. Prins ◽  
D. Bomhoff ◽  
I. Verhagen ◽  
J. M. Swart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Grass Species

scholarly journals Effect of sprigging density and foliar nitrogen on the growth of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
D Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Turf grasses have been utilized by humans to enhance their environment for more than 10centuries. Aesthetically, lawns enhance the quality of life, contribute to social harmony andcommunity pride, increase property values and compliment other landscape plants. The beautyof any garden largely depends on the greenness of the lawn. The first and foremost criteria fora well establishment and a satisfactory lawn are selection of suitable grass species and methodsof its establishment. Hence, an experiment was laid out to study the effect of different spriggingdensity and foliar nitrogen on the growth and establishment of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylonL. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis) in floriculture unit of the Department of Horticulture, Facultyof Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during the year 2013-2015. Bermuda grasssprigs were planted in different spacing levels and foliar spray of urea with twelve treatmentcombinations comprising of different levels viz., 10 x 10 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 15 x 15 cmwith 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 20 x 20 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 25 x 25 cm with 1%, 1.5% and2%, in factorial randomized block design with three replications. From the results, it wasfound that the earliest spread and ground cover were observed in planting sprigs at closerspacing of 10 x 10 cm in combination with foliar application of nitrogen in the form of urea as2 % for two times at seven and fifteen days after planting.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of different accessions of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and physico-chemical properties of soil of their growing region in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Distribution as well as adaptation of Cynodon dactylon to different ecological zones of Bangladesh is mainly dependant on weather and adaphic factors of their respective habitats. Generally, it is a warm season perennial grass species that initiates growth in the vernal season and its growth continues rapidly when moisture is adequate and they find the alkaline clay soil as their habitat. From that point of view, this study was aimed at analysing the morphological variations of Cynodon dactylon ecotypes along with determining the physicochemical properties of soils from their particular habitats. A total of 19 ecotypes /accessions from four different zones of Bangladesh were collected along with the habitat soil and all of them were transplanted in experimentation field of Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. All the accessions were established in 1.5 × 1.4 m plots separately. At maturity just after started flowering, the morphological data on 26 characters were recorded quantitatively and those were analysed statistically. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous nature was observed from randomly selected areas within the plot. Both significant and non-significant variations were found among the morphological characters. Most of the vegetative and reproductive characters were found to show significant variations among the accessions. In addition, the values obtained on physio-chemical properties of soil were tabulated and their magnitude were determined and interpreted following Fertilization Recommendation Guide. In respect of soil properties variation on morphological parameters of almost of all the accessions were observed. In this study, all the accessions were found to be adapted nicely in alkaline soil of the experimentation field and that might be due to their many physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

scholarly journals Composición florística y diversidad de la vegetación de humedales en los lagos interdunarios de Veracruz

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Peralta Peláez ◽  
Patricia Moreno Casasola
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Sagittaria Lancifolia ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Dune Lakes ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Grazing Lands

Dune lakes of the coast of Veracruz, Mexico, are shallow freshwater lakes with suitable conditions for the establishment of herbaceous and arboreal wetlands. Most of the vegetation of the surrounding dunes has been transformed into pastures for grazing lands and sugar cane plantations. The objective of this paper is to describe and compare structure, composition and diversity of the wetland vegetation of 15 dune lakes in the rural area. Environmental parameters (pH, salinity, size, depth and number of dry months) were taken into account. Plant diversity of these lakes comprise 46 families (27 strictly aquatic) and 82 species, among them <em>Sagittaria lancifolia, Pontederia sagittata, Ceratophyllum demersum.</em> Species richness fl uctuated between 5 and 33 species. The classifi cation resulted in nine fl oristic wetland groups, three of them with grass species from the surrounding areas <em>(Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa pyramidalis).</em> Ordination separated lakes based on pH and number of dry months. Management plans should be developed together with the owners to maintain both the use of these lakes and the composition and structure of their wetlands.

Incidence and distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus in over-summering grasses in a Mediterranean-type environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hawkes ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Chloris Virgata

During the summer periods of 2000 and 2001, incidences of infection with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) were determined in grass weeds and volunteer cereals surviving at isolated sites throughout the grainbelt of south-western Australia, which has a Mediterranean-type climate. Samples of Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula, Erharta calycina, Pennisetum clandestinum, and volunteer cereals (mostly wheat) were tested for BYDV (serotypes MAV, PAV and RMV) and CYDV (serotype RPV), and those of at least 19 other grass species were tested for BYDV only (serotypes PAV and MAV). In 2000, BYDV and/or CYDV were detected in 33% of 192 sites in 0.7% of 26 700 samples, and in 2001 the corresponding values were 19% of 176 sites and 0.5% of 21 953 samples. Infection was distributed relatively evenly throughout the different annual average rainfall zones of the grainbelt, but when sites were categorised according to actual rainfall for late spring to early autumn, the proportion of sites and samples infected increased where such rainfall exceeded 300 mm. In both summer sampling periods, the most abundant grass species were C. dactylon and E. curvula, with BYDV and/or CYDV being detected in 0.1–0.6% and 0.1–0.5% of samples, respectively. The corresponding incidences were 0–1% for Erharta calycina, 7–8% for P. clandestinum, and 0.2–2% for volunteer wheat. The most abundant species tested for BYDV only were Chloris truncata and Digitaria sanguinalis, with infection incidences of 0.2–0.7 and 0.2–0.3%, respectively. Chloris virgata (2–3%) and Urochloa panicoides (0.3–0.6%) were the only other infected species. Within individual sites and host species, the greatest incidences of CYDV were in P. clandestinum (23% in 2000 and 18% in 2001) and of BYDV in Chloris virgata (14% with PAV and 12% with MAV in 2000). Small populations of grass-infesting aphids were found over-summering at 26% (2000) and 3% (2001) of sites and occurred in all 3 annual rainfall zones. The predominant species was Hysteroneura setariae, but Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi, and Sitobion miscanthi occurred occasionally. Presence of over-summering BYDV, CYDV, and aphids in all rainfall zones has important implications for virus spread to cereal crops throughout the grainbelt.

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