Long Term Economic Criteria for Foreign Loans-A Note

1967 ◽  
Vol 77 (307) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Charles Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Economic Criteria

Long Term Economic Criteria for Foreign Loans

1966 ◽  
Vol 76 (302) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qayum
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Economic Criteria

scholarly journals From Material to Non-Material Needs? The Evolution of Mate Preferences through the Twentieth Century in France

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Quentin Lippmann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
French Society ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Economic Criteria

This paper studies the evolution of mate preferences throughout the twentieth century in France. I digitized all the matrimonial ads published in France’s best-selling monthly magazine from 1928 to 1994. Using dictionary-based methods, I show that mate preferences were mostly stable during the Great Depression, WWII, and the ensuing economic boom. These preferences started transforming in the late 1960s when economic criteria were progressively replaced by personality criteria. The timing coincides with profound family and demographic changes in French society. These findings suggest that, in the search for a long-term partner, non-material needs have replaced material ones.

External Financing, Gap Models of Growth, and the Macroeconomics of Relying on Foreign Resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-219
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Financing Gap ◽  
Gap Models

Chapter 10 reviews the factors responsible for the strong dependence of developing countries on foreign capital and foreign aid, as well as the cyclical capital inflows and long-term development problems entailed by such a situation. It then discusses a family of models, some of which were developed after the debt crisis and recession of the 1980s and 1990s. These models aim to determine the amount of foreign loans and grants required to reach a preset rate of growth of GDP. It finally assesses the macroeconomic and growth impact of high dependence on foreign finance and foreign aid.

scholarly journals The use of energy-saving technologies in the overhaul and reconstruction of buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 10050
Author(s):  
Varvara Dikareva ◽  
Miron Karpovich ◽  
Zinaida Petrikova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Energy Conservation Measures ◽  
Selection And Assessment ◽  
Economic Criteria

The purpose of this paper is to develop mechanisms to improve the efficiency of reconstruction and overhaul of buildings based on the use of energy-saving technologies. As a result of the study, ways have been developed to increase the efficiency of reconstruction and overhaul based on energy conservation, including legal regulation, institutional and organizational development, technical and information support for energy conservation measures as part of the overhaul and reconstruction of residential and public buildings. A method has been formed for the selection and assessment of the efficiency of energy-saving technological solutions, taking into account both technical and economic criteria, which allows assessing the long-term sustainability of investment projects for the implementation of energy-saving measures and determining the necessary degree of government participation in investment.

Introduction: Eurobonds beyond Crisis Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Eger ◽  
Hans-Bernd Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Criteria

AbstractEurobonds, i.e. the mutualization of (some) of the Eurozone member states debts, remain a promising tool not as a remedy for the ongoing debt crisis but for a number of other, more long-term reasons. This introduction to the present special issue of the Review of Law and Economics lays the ground for the subsequent in-depth analyses by providing a framework comprised of, on the one hand, the most prominent proposals for Eurobonds and, on the other hand, the legal and economic criteria against which the suitability of these proposals may be judged.

scholarly journals Intensity of Dangerous Phones from Waves on Selected Oceanic Routes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szelangiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Żelazny
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Economic Criteria

Abstract Ocean routes are recommended for ships based on economic criteria. Under the influence of waves. during sailing of the ship. various dangerous phenomena arise which can lead to marine crashes. Although weather sites are known to provide short-term weather forecasts (wave and wind parameters). this information is not used to calculate corrections of ocean-route guidelines. A captain based on his knowledge and experience can make such adjustments. The article presents the results of calculations of the values of dangerous parameters of phenomena which may occur during a cruise on example ocean routes. For the calculation of dangerous phenomena. the average statistical long-term (seasonal) parameters contained in weather atlas were used.

War, International Finance, and Fiscal Capacity in the Long Run

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didac Queralt
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Long Run ◽  
War Finance ◽  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article I revisit the relationship between war and state making in modern times by focusing on two prominent types of war finance: taxes and foreign loans. Financing war with tax money enhances the capacity to assess wealth and monitor compliance, namely fiscal capacity. Tax-financed war facilitates the adoption of power-sharing institutions, which transform taxation into a non-zero-sum game, carrying on the effect of war in the long run. Financing war with external capital does not contribute to long-term fiscal capacity if borrowers interrupt debt service and, as part of the default settlement, war debt is condoned or exchanged for nontax revenue. The empirical evidence draws from war around the world as early as 1816. Results suggest that globalization of capital markets in the nineteenth century undermined the association between war, state making, and political reform.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN BALKAN EU ACCESSIONIST COUNTRIES IN 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Sylwester Kozak ◽  
Etleva Muça
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economic Criteria

The paper presents the results of research on changes in the level of socioeconomic development in Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia, for the period 2010- -2018. The level of development was determined by the method TOPSIS, based on two social and six economic criteria using data from national statistical offices. The results indicate that four countries present long-term positive growth over the course of the decade. Throughout the entire analyzed period, Montenegro characterized with the highest and Albania the lowest development in the region. These countries characterized with the most and the least favorable levels of the analyzed categories, inter alia, the level of employment in agriculture, population growth, infant mortality rate, or the average wage. The levels of development of North Macedonia and Serbia were average for the region. However, the stable and rather favorable trends of the main socia

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