scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN BALKAN EU ACCESSIONIST COUNTRIES IN 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Sylwester Kozak ◽  
Etleva Muça
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economic Criteria

The paper presents the results of research on changes in the level of socioeconomic development in Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia, for the period 2010- -2018. The level of development was determined by the method TOPSIS, based on two social and six economic criteria using data from national statistical offices. The results indicate that four countries present long-term positive growth over the course of the decade. Throughout the entire analyzed period, Montenegro characterized with the highest and Albania the lowest development in the region. These countries characterized with the most and the least favorable levels of the analyzed categories, inter alia, the level of employment in agriculture, population growth, infant mortality rate, or the average wage. The levels of development of North Macedonia and Serbia were average for the region. However, the stable and rather favorable trends of the main socia

scholarly journals Political and socio-economic development of modern Russia: environmental obstacles and risks

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Olga Tsepilova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Natural Degradation

The article deals with environmental obstructions and limitations for a dynamic political and socioeconomic development of modern Russia. Environmental problems accumulated in the past decades, including problems that appeared in the "Soviet" period of the country's development, together with growing new environmental risks, become a serious obstacle to the progressive development of the country. Contemporary Russian manufacturing practices continue to use extensively anti-environmental obsolete technologies, which lead to increasing degradation of the natural environment and an increase in negative trends in the health of the population. The absence or limited use of remediation activities in extractive industries has led to the natural degradation of a number of territories in the country. Unfavorable socio-demographic characteristics of the development for modern Russia caused by the environmental factors hinder innovative development in all spheres of society in the present period; moreover, their increasing impact will be an obstacle to socio-economic development in the future. Additionally the article discusses long-term negative trends in the development of environmental policy and weakening of the ecological spectrum of civil society.

Reflections on Microfinance

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-207
Author(s):  
Sovik Mukherjee ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Microfinance has become the latest buzzword in the credit markets where it shoulders the responsibility of alleviating poverty coupled with socio-economic development. Dealing with microfinance coupled with the issue of poverty reduction, the first concern is to handle the twin objectives of poverty alleviation and achievement of financial self-sufficiency, which are often at loggerheads. To begin with, the present chapter constructs a five-dimensional human poverty index (HPI) in terms of the rate of unemployment, state wise illiteracy rate, state-wise infant mortality rate, state-wise percentage of population below the poverty line, and the percentage of population not having an access to electricity for the states across India. Thus, this will serve as an index for the extent of poverty. Consequently, a fall in the value of the index actually implies poverty alleviation. This empirical model does not justify the hypothesis that “microfinance reduces poverty” at the macro level using cross-state panel data for India.

scholarly journals REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY IN THE FAR EAST

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (71) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Владимир Козлов ◽  
Vladimir Kozlov ◽  
Ольга Лебедько ◽  
Olga Lebedko ◽  
Галина Евсеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the results of long-term observations of the authors to assess the health of pregnant women, children and adolescents of the Far-Eastern Federal District. In the dynamics of the observation there is an improvement in indicators characterizing the health status of women and children: the reduction of morbidity, infant and child mortality. However, these data are much higher than in European countries. Thus, the infant mortality rate on average in the Far Eastern Federal District decreased from 11.0‰ in 2013 to 5.7‰ in 2017 (on average in Russia it was 5.5‰). At the same time, in the “new” countries of the European Union (EU) that are the closest in socio-economic condition to Russia (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia), this figure in 2016 amounted to 3.9‰, and in the “old” countries of the EU it was 3.3‰. The child mortality rate (1-17 years old) in some regions of the Far Eastern Federal District ranges from 73.0 in the Khabarovsk territory (per 100 thousand of the corresponding age) to 101.1 in the Jewish Autonomous Region and on average in Russia in 2016 it was 70.9. And in the EU countries, this figure was significantly lower and amounted to 37.6 in the “new” countries and 31.4 in the “old” countries. In the analysis of risk factors affecting health, infant and child mortality, the following biological factors were noted: maternal health, complicated pregnancy, genetic factors, living conditions and, above all, economic and biogeochemical environmental factors. In areas with a tense and critical assessment of the environmental situation, the proportion of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, premature, congenital malformations is much higher. In the formation of pathology in children, the deficiency or imbalance of essential, i.e. vital trace elements, the nature of nutrition, nutrient deficiency, and the formation of energy deficiency of immunocompetent blood cells can influence a lot. All these environmental factors, in fact, are etiological and determine different variants of pathology, the formation of metabolic imprinting, the manifestation of fetal programming and the birth of immature offspring. Disturbance of embryogenesis under the influence of these factors leads to the development of various pathologies of newborns, long-term consequences in the form of reproductive dysfunction, pathology of immune reactions, mental dysfunction, and reduced adaptability. As a result, we have an increased morbidity, sick offspring, and a decrease in life expectancy. In order to develop specific measures to reduce morbidity, infant and child mortality, it is necessary to solve a number of medical and organizational measures, strengthen the preventive orientation of medical care for pregnant women, and timely correct the deficit conditions. It is necessary to organize the system of active health follow-up (examination based on automated control systems) of pregnant women, a system of data banks for the examination, treatment and rehabilitation of women with a burdened obstetric history and from the risk group for the development of perinatal pathology at the stage of planning pregnancy (the best option) or in the early stages of pregnancy.

scholarly journals An exploration of the effects of pandemic influenza on infant mortality in Toronto, 1917–1921

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Stacey Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Infant Deaths

This study investigates infant mortality from pandemic influenza in Toronto, Canada, from September to December 1918, through theRegistered Death Records of the Province of Ontario. A comparison of infant deaths in 1918 to surrounding years (1917–21) revealedthat although mortality rates remained relatively stable, there were changes in the mortality profile during the epidemic. Deaths frominfluenza did increase slightly, and the epidemic altered the expected sex ratio of infant deaths. Although communities may be greatly strained by an influenza epidemic, the infant mortality rate may be more representative of long-term social and environmental conditions rather than acute, intensive crises.

EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING LAKTASI PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN MENYUSUI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Heni Purwaningsih ◽  
Umi Aniroh ◽  
Eko Mardiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Emotional Bonding ◽  
Post Test

Program pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia masih berfokus pada upaya peningkatan derajat kesehatan ibu dan anak terutama pada masa prenatal. Hal ini disebabkan masih tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). ASI yang diberikan sejak usia dini dan dilanjutkan dengan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dapat menurunkan angka kesakitan dan angka kematian bayi serta meningkatkan tumbuh kembang bayi secara optimal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian konseling laktasi terhadap pelaksanaan menyusui pada ibu hamil trimester III. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan One Group Pre-test dan  Post-test Desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester III dan sampel yang diambil adalah 18 ibu hamil. Alat penggumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi BREAST (body position, respons, emotional bonding, anatomy dan sucking time). Analisis data menggunakan wilcoxon.Hasil penelitian didapatkan pelaksanaan menyusui sebelum dilakukan konseling laktasi dalam kategori kurang (72,2%) sedangkan pelaksanaan menyusui setelah dilakukan konseling laktasi (77,8%) dalam kategori baik. Konseling laktasi efektif dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pelaksanaan menyusui denganp-value 0,003 (p<0,005).Konseling laktasi seharusnya diberikan pada masa prenatal sehingga pada saat postpartum, ibu sudah mampu memberikan asi secara maksimal. Pendampingan terhadap ibu hamil juga berperan dalam pelaksanaan pemberian ASI.   Kata kunci : Konseling laktasi, ASI, pelaksanaan menyusui   THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LACTATION COUNSELING IN THE 3rd TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN ON BREASTFEEDING IMPLEMENTATION   ABSTRACT Indonesia's health development program still focuses on improving mother and child health, especially at the prenatal stage. It is due to the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Breastmilk given from an early age and continued with exclusive breastfeeding for six months can reduce infants morbidity and mortality rate and increase their optimal growth. The purpose is to investigate the effectiveness of lactation counseling to the implementation of breastfeeding in third-trimester. The study design used quasi experiments with one group pre-test and post-test. Population was the 3rd-trimester pregnant mothers, and the samples were 18 mothers. The data collection tool used BREAST observation sheets (body position, response, emotional bonding, anatomy and sucking time). Data analysis used Wilcoxon. The result of the research shows that breastfeeding before lactation counseling is in less category (72,2%) while breastfeeding after lactation counseling (77,8%) is in a goodcategory. Effective lactation counseling is performed to improve the implementation of breastfeeding with p-value 0.003 (p <0.005). Lactation counseling should be given during the prenatal period so that at the time of postpartum, the mother has been able to give breastmilk maximally. Mentoring for pregnant women also plays a role in the implementation of breastfeeding Keywords: lactation counseling, breast milk, breastfeeding implementation

Russia’s Development Strategy: Guidelines and Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The core of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development strategy is represented by its conceptual basis. Having considered debating points about the essence and priority of the strategy, the author analyzes the logic and stages of its development as well as possibilities, restrictions and risks of high GDP rates of growth.

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

Empirical analysis of factors influencing the public health expenditure in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kok Wooi Yap ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita

This study aims to investigate the determinants of public health expenditure in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to analyse annual time series data during the period from 1970 to 2017. The study focused on four explanatory variables, namely per capita gross domestic product (GDP), healthcare price index, population aged 65 years and above, as well as infant mortality rate. The bounds test results showed that the public health expenditure and its determinants are cointegrated. The empirical results revealed that the elasticity of government health expenditure with respect to national income is less than unity, indicating that public health expenditure in Malaysia is a necessity good and thus the Wagner’s law does not exist to explain the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. In the long run, per capita GDP, healthcare price index, population aged more than 65 years, and infant mortality rate are the important variables in explaining the behaviour of public health expenditure in Malaysia. The empirical results also prove that infant mortality rate is significant in influencing public health spending in the short run. It is noted that macroeconomic and health status factors assume an important role in determining the public health expenditure in Malaysia and thus government policies and strategies should be made by taking into account of these aspects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document