Note Addressed by the Central American Court of Justice to the Governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala Central American Court of Justice San Jose, Costa Rica, November 9, 1916

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central American ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Court Of Justice

scholarly journals Central American Common Market

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Central American ◽  
San Jose ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Tariff Rates

The Central American Common Market was established among the governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua on July 31, 1962, at the conclusion of the third extraordinary session, July 23–31, 1962, in San José, Costa Rica, of the Committee of Economic Cooperation of the five republics. Three conventions were signed by the ministers of economy, representing the five nations, with the aim of establishing the Central American economic integration structure: 1) the adhesion of Costa Rica to the Central American convention on equalization of tariff rates; 2) the protocol to the Central American convention on the equalization of import duties (the Protocol of San José); and 3) the Central American convention on fiscal incentives to industrial development.

The Franciscan Provinces of Spanish North America

1945 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Marion A. Habig
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central American

The same year (1565) in which the territory north of the Holy Gospel Province was made a separate Province, the Central American countries were separated from the Yucatan Province and organized into a new Province, that of the Most Holy Name. Ten years later, the latter was further divided, and the province of St. George was erected including Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Honduras, which was made a Custody of St. George Province in 1587, was subsequently reunited with the Guatemala Province.

scholarly journals Las etnias centroamericanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Francisco Lizcano Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Central American ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Siglo Xx

Short description: This article is dedicated to the demographic levels and distribution of Central American ethnic groups: indigenous, mestizos, mulattos, creoles, garifunas and Asians. The study includes 7 countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Emphasis is placed on the Caribbean region of these countries, where ethnic diversity is the greatest. Short description translated and adapted from the text by Michał Gilewski

scholarly journals Sobrepeso, obesidad, niveles de actividad física y autoestima de la niñez centroamericana: un análisis comparativo entre países (Overweight, obesity, physical activity levels, and self-esteem in Central American children: comparative analysis between cou

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Alvarez ◽  
María Fernanda Herrera Monge ◽  
Emmanuel Herrera González ◽  
Grettel Villalobos Víquez ◽  
Gerardo Araya Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Central American ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
American Children

El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, niveles de actividad física y de autoestima de la población infantil centroamericana, comparándoles según sexo y país. Este estudio comparativo transversal de muestra probabilística aleatoria por conglomerados evaluó 5291 estudiantes matriculados en cuarto, quinto y sexto grado, de los cuales 52.3% fueron niñas y 47.7% niños, pertenecientes a 73 centros educativos de Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panamá, con una edad promedio de 10.90 ± 1.13. En todos los países se realizó la medición del peso y la talla para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal, se aplicó el cuestionario de actividad física para niños y niñas mayores (PAQ-C) y el cuestionario LAWSEQ para la medición del nivel de autoestima. Los resultados de esta investigación mostraron una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad del 25%, un nivel de actividad física bajo en un 35.1% y una baja autoestima en el 44.3%. Asimismo, al determinar el efecto del país de procedencia y del género sobre el índice de masa corporal, nivel de actividad física y autoestima, controlando la edad como una covariable, se encontró que El Salvador presentó el mayor promedio de índice de masa corporal y el menor nivel de actividad física junto a Honduras y Panamá. En relación a la autoestima, solamente Costa Rica y Guatemala presentaron una autoestima promedio. Esto demuestra que la situación de salud pública que enfrenta la niñez centroamericana es un problema que debe ser atendido en forma integral. Abstract. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the prevalence of overweight, obesity, physical activity levels, and self-esteem in Central American children, comparing them by gender and country. This comparative cross-sectional study used a random probabilistic conglomerate-based sampling technique, by which 5.291 students (52.3% girls and 47.7% boys) enrolled in fourth, fifth, and sixth grade from 73 schools in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama, with an average age of 10.90 ± 1.13 years old, were selected. In all the participating countries, weight and height were taken to calculate body mass index; additionally, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and the Lawrence's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ) were applied. The results suggest a prevalence of overweight and obesity (25%), low physical activity levels (35.1%), and low self-esteem (44.3%). Also, when analyzing variables interaction by country and gender, it was found that El Salvador presented the highest average body mass index and the lowest levels of physical activity, along with Honduras and Panama. Regarding self-esteem, only Costa Rica and Guatemala presented average rank. This shows that the conditions of public health with regard to Central American youth are concerning and must be dealt with in an integral manner.

scholarly journals The Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Central America

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 157-196
Author(s):  
Jorge Ismael Nestor-Arriola ◽  
Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández ◽  
Ángel Solís ◽  
Guillermo González ◽  
Jaroslav Větrovec
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New Records ◽  
Central American ◽  
Type Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central American Species

A revision of the Central American species of the genus Brachiacantha was undertaken to update the knowledge of the Central American species of the genus. Material of several collections was reviewed, using original descriptions and keys, and comparing with the type material. Twenty-five species of the genus Brachiacantha were found in Central American material, including nine new species: B. nubes Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. dentata Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. isthmena Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. aurantiapleura Nestor-Arriola, Solís and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov., B. invertita Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. papiliona Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. tica Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. hexaspina González, Větrovec and Nestor-Arriola, sp. nov., and B. mimica Nestor-Arriola and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov. Nomenclatural changes include Brachiacantha gorhami (Weise), comb. nov., B. guatemalensis (Gorham), comb. nov., and Brachiacantha duodecimguttata Leng, syn. nov. for B. lepida Mulsant. The male genitalia of the species B. fenestrata Gorhan, B. octostigma Mulsant, B. aperta Weise, and B. cachensis Gorhan are described and illustrated for the first time. New records include B. indubitabilis Crotch and B. bipartita Mulsant (Costa Rica and Guatemala), B. gorhami (Weise) (El Salvador), and B. cachensis Gorham (Panamá). A key to the species is included.

scholarly journals Situación del pequeño escarabajo, Aethina tumida, en colmenas de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) en Costa Rica: Muestreo de apiarios 2014-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianyela Ramírez ◽  
Rafael A. Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
San Jose

El primer reporte sobre la presencia del pequeño escarabajo de la colmena, Aethina tumida en Centroamérica se dio en El Salvador en el 2013, luego se confirmó en Nicaragua en el 2014, lo cual aumenta el riesgo de su ingreso a Costa Rica. Por lo anterior, en el presente estudio se realizó un muestreo que va de junio 2014 a setiembre 2017, mediante el cual se analizaron 359 colmenas pertenecientes a 62 apiarios ubicados en las provincias de Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Alajuela, San José y Heredia. Se realizaron observaciones de la cría y de las abejas adultas, además se colocaron dos trampas por colmena tipo Cutts Beetle Blaster®, las que permanecieron durante ocho a quince días. Posteriormente las trampas se analizaron en el laboratorio de Patología Apícola del CINAT-UNA. Del total de apiarios muestreados, se confirmó la presencia del pequeño escarabajo únicamente en un apiario centinela ubicado en La Cruz-Guanacaste, en agosto 2015. Por lo anterior, se puede indicar la presencia del pequeño escarabajo A. tumida en colmenas de abejas africanizadas en Costa Rica, con una distribución limitada a la Cruz-Guanacaste. Tomando en cuenta que el escarabajo adulto puede volar y desplazarse junto a enjambres silvestres y la trashumancia de colmenas por parte del apicultor, es importante mantener un monitoreo constante de los apiarios, ya que las condiciones actuales de ausencia en la mayoría de zonas apícolas del país, reportadas en el presente estudio, pueden cambiar.

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