Costa Rica v. Nicaragua Central American Court of Justice

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-229 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central American ◽  
Court Of Justice

Redescription of the Central American genus Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty 1985 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
NIKITA J. KLUGE ◽  
JUAN A. BERNAL VEGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Central American ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A New Species

A new definition for the genus Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty 1985 is given. Its type species, Moribaetis maculipennis (Flowers 1979) is redescribed based on male and female imagoes reared from larvae near the type locality in Panama. Larvae, formerly wrongly attributed to Moribaetis salvini (Eaton 1885), and a male imago, formerly wrongly attributed to Moribaetis macaferti Waltz 1985, belong to a new species Moribaetis latipennis sp. n., which is described here based on a male imago reared from larva in Panama. Both species, M. maculipennis and M. latipennis sp. n., are distinct from M. salvini, which is known as a single male imago (lectotype) from Costa Rica. All other species, formerly attributed to Moribaetis, are excluded from this genus; a new combination Caribaetis macaferti comb. n. is proposed for the species originally described as Moribaetis macaferti Waltz (in Waltz & McCafferty) 1985, and a new combination Baetis (Rhodobaetis) mimbresaurus comb. n. is proposed for the species originally described as Moribaetis mimbresaurus McCafferty 2007. 

scholarly journals Quality Control of a Boldo Tisanes Brand Commercialized in Costa Rica Following the Central American Technical Regulation for Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Gamboa Camacho Stefanny ◽  
Gonzalez Vargas Omar ◽  
Guevara Saborio Gloriana ◽  
Murillo Castillo Brayan ◽  
Loria Gutierrez Arlene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central American ◽  
Technical Regulation

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Assays for Quality Evaluation of a Brand of Mentha piperita Tisanes in Costa Rica Market: Employment of the Central American Technical Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Mora Román ◽  
Natalia Agüero Brenes ◽  
Camila Angulo Morales ◽  
Jose Castro Solís ◽  
Gabriela Hidalgo Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Central American ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Mentha Aquatica ◽  
Batch Number

Mentha piperita is a natural hybrid of water mint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), that are consumed as tisanes. For that reason, the present work evaluated physicochemical and microbiological aspects for the quality control of a commercial brand of Mentha piperita herbal tea distributed in Costa Rica, using assays established by the Central American Technical Regulation (RTCA) 11.03.56.09 (Pharmaceutical products. Natural medicinal products for human use. Quality verification), and determined if they have uniformity for different batches of this brand. To verify the quality of three batches of this product, the following assays were done: Labeling requirements, organoleptic, minimum fill, foreign organic matter, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, lead and arsenic limits, microbial enumerations and specific microorganisms (E. coli and Salmonella sp.) assays. As conclusion, the batches were in compliance for all the assays, except for labeling test, since information corresponding to the primary (batch number and expiration date) and secondary packaging (qualitative-quantitative composition of active ingredients interactions and adverse effects) were not presented. Furthermore, one of the batches did not have information about the employment, contraindications and warnings. Also, the manufacturing company maintained a good reproducibility between one batch and another, and the improvements that can be made are in the product labeling and better controls in its filling. Keywords: Natural product, Mentha piperita, quality control, tisane, pharmacopoeia, Central American Technical Regulation.

scholarly journals Relative abundance and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Stephanny Arroyo-Arce ◽  
Ian Thomson ◽  
Carlos Fernandez ◽  
Roberto Salom-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Central American ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
History Of

Located in Costa Rica, Pacuare Nature Reserve has a long established history of wildlife monitoring programs primarily focused on species of nesting marine turtles and the Agami herons (Agamia agami) found within the reserve. Our research represents the first as­sessment on the local terrestrial mammal populations. Data was col­lected by using seven camera trap stations distributed within the boundaries of the reserve. From April 2015 to March 2016, and after a total of 1 643 camera trap nights, we were able to identify 11 terres­trial mammalian species distributed in six orders and nine families. The most abundant species was the common opossum (Didelphis marsu­pialis), followed by the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). A noticeably ab­sent species, otherwise common throughout the area, was the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata). Our results are similar to those from other protected areas in the Northeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.

The Challenged and Challenging De Facto Authority of the Central American Court of Justice at the Intersection of Pacification, International Law, and Regionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-213
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caserta
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Central American ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Court Of Justice

This chapter deals with the trajectory of gaining de facto authority of the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ), showing how, different from the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), this Court has thus far failed to leave a significant mark in its operational context. In its early years, the Court fared rather well, especially in terms of its capacity to build a system of community law and to address some institutional difficulties of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, when the Court became involved with several highly political disputes (i.e. a political clash between two former Nicaraguan Presidents and some territorial disputes among its Member States) in the early 2000s, it encountered strong resistance from several actors in its context of operation. As in the analysis of the CCJ, this chapter explains the fluctuation of the CACJ’s authority by looking at the role played by various contextual factors such as the institutional conflicts between the various organs of Central American integration, the highly polarised national politics of some of the Court’s Member States, and the divergent professional interests of the Central American legal elites.

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