Mars and Minerva: World War I and the Uses of the Higher Learning in America.

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Gelfand ◽  
Carol S. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
World War

Mars and Minerva: World War I and the Uses of the Higher Learning in America

AAUP Bulletin ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Frederick Rudolph ◽  
Carol S. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
World War

In Defense of Diplomacy

1949 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Sprout
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
World War ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Outlawry Of War

Publication of Politics Among Nations is another important milestone in the development of systematic studies of international political phenomena into an established and recognized branch of higher learning.Comparison of this impressive treatise with any work published before 1914 reveals in dramatic fashion how much ground has already been covered. Before World War I, as Grayson Kirk has described, the study of international relations was largely carried on in the sterile atmosphere of international law and conventionalized diplomatic history. The crusade for the League of Nations opened up a new field and gave great impetus to the study of world organization. This newcomer practically stole the show during the 1920's. But the course of world events did not fulfill the bright hopes fostered by schemes for disarmament, outlawry of war, collective security, judicial settlement of disputes, and codification of international law. Teachers and writers, however, continued to play the same old records, which sounded more and more unconvincing as the dictators prepared the stage for another world war.

Mars and Minerva: World War I and the Uses of the Higher Learning in America

1977 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Sondra Herman ◽  
Carol S. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
World War

Mars and Minerva: World War I and the Uses of the Higher Learning in America

1976 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Whitfield ◽  
Carol S. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
World War

Through the prism of Spain. Socio-economic causes of different outcomes of Russian and Spanish civil wars

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
I. Rozinskiy ◽  
N. Rozinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article examines the socio-economic causes of the outcome of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1936), which, as opposed to the Russian Civil War, resulted in the victory of the “Whites”. Choice of Spain as the object of comparison with Russia is justified not only by similarity of civil wars occurred in the two countries in the XX century, but also by a large number of common features in their history. Based on statistical data on the changes in economic well-being of different strata of Spanish population during several decades before the civil war, the authors formulate the hypothesis according to which the increase of real incomes of Spaniards engaged in agriculture is “responsible” for their conservative political sympathies. As a result, contrary to the situation in Russia, where the peasantry did not support the Whites, in Spain the peasants’ position predetermined the outcome of the confrontation resulting in the victory of the Spanish analogue of the Whites. According to the authors, the possibility of stable increase of Spanish peasants’ incomes was caused by the nation’s non-involvement in World War I and also by more limited, compared to Russia and some other countries, spending on creation of heavy (primarily military-related) industry in Spain.

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