Police Background Characteristics and Performance.

The Five-Factor model is widely accepted as a robust model of personality that influences workplace behaviour and performance. Given evidence of persistent skills gaps in Australia, it is important to explore personality traits in business graduates to understand whether they have the necessary characteristics to enable the country to perform successfully nationally and to compete on a global level, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty. This study examines personality traits in 674 Australian business graduates, using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and variations in traits across demographic/background characteristics. The results indicate that graduates are relatively high in extroversion, conscientiousness and emotional stability and low in openness and agreeableness. Some gender differences were apparent. The findings are largely positive for organizational performance, but raise concern for organizational well-being, effective leadership and innovativeness. There is some alignment between the findings and documented deficiencies in graduate performance, highlighting areas for intervention. Strategies for managing typical traits in business graduates and their potential impact on prevalent skills gaps are discussed for both professional and education practitioners.

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Predicting Job Performance from Background Characteristics: More Evidence from the Public Sector

Public Personnel Management ◽

10.1177/009102609202100306 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 347-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert J. Lavigna

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Grade Point Average ◽

Performance Appraisal ◽

Employee Selection ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Grade Point ◽

Entry Level ◽

The Public ◽

Selection Decisions ◽

And Performance

Despite extensive research on employee selection, managers still do not have clear guidance on whether specific background characteristics predict good performance. To help clarify this issue, this study analyzed the relationships between several academic/work background characteristics and performance appraisal scores for entry-level professionals in a public sector agency. Agency managers were also surveyed to determine if they believed that these characteristics predict performance. Although the managers perceived that most of the characteristics studied are linked to performance, only one characteristic, grade point average, was found to be statistically related to appraisal scores. This study's findings support other research which suggests that it may be better to base employee screening/selection decisions on specific job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities, instead of relying primarily on background characteristic “signals.”

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A Comparative Analysis of Women and Men-Owned MSMEs with Special Emphasis on Women Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Cachar District, Assam

SEDME (Small Enterprises Development Management & Extension Journal) ◽

10.1177/09708464211044227 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097084642110442

Author(s):

Md Sahnewaz Sanu ◽

Md Firdos Ahmad ◽

Shabana Anjum

Keyword(s):

Women Entrepreneurs ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Survey Method ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Women Entrepreneurship ◽

The Family ◽

And Performance ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

Support Family

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of micro, small and medium enterprises on women entrepreneurship development with particular reference to Cachar district of Assam. The study also aims to compare the characteristics and performance of women-owned MSMEs with those owned by men. A survey method is used to gather information from 200 MSME owner-managers located in various revenue circles/ tehsils of Cachar district. The results of the study indicate that, though very slowly, MSMEs are significantly promoting women entrepreneurship. The most important reasons for women entrepreneurs to join MSMEs appear to be (a) ‘profit motive’ or ‘to earn better income’, (b) ‘desire for independence’ and (c) ‘to support family’ or ‘the desire to provide financial security to the family’. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test demonstrate that women entrepreneurs’ background characteristics such as their marital status, age, levels of educational attainment, previous business experience and place of residence significantly affect their motivations to join MSMEs. While the employment growth in female-owned MSMEs is much higher than their male counterparts, net-return per owner-manager is found to be significantly higher in men-owned MSMEs than in women-owned MSMEs.

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Studying about “Wood burial” - a treatment of cremation ash in Japan, today

Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities ◽

10.32508/stdjssh.v3i4.532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 207-216

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Hoai Chau

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

General Trend ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Old People ◽

Ancestor Worship ◽

Common Features ◽

Religious Consciousness ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

And Performance

This paper studied “wood burial”, a form of the burial of cremation ash under the tree in Japan today. Cremation has been conducted in Japan at a rate of more than 90%. Traditionally, the cremation ashes are buried in the family grave with known Japanese name as “ie haka”. But now, in Japan, the factors influencing traditional customs such as family structure, the proportion of young and old people, religious consciousness... are changing. This led to new trends and changes in the culture of treatment of cremated remains. Among that, “wood burial” has emerged and become increasingly popular. In general, the “wood burial” in Japan has many common features such as having harmony with nature, using trees instead of artificial gravestones, etc. in the general trend in the world. Besides, through my study, in the particular context of Japan, the Japanese style wood burial, inheriting traditional characteristics such as burying the cremated ashes in the family unit (like family grave), the permanence of grave,etc...has been clarified. Like that, inheriting the previous studies, this paper did a research about the background, characteristics, popularity… of the “wood burial” in Japan. It is also a noticeable topic of having attracted attention from various viewpoints nowadays. Through this, it is possible to understand Japanese burial culture, the culture of family, ancestor worship, etc. And relating to Vietnam, it is also a meaningful topic in the background that cremation has been increasingly accepted in Vietnam, and based on that, in the culture of burial, ancestor worship custom, …the change has been happening. Through the study, the author hopes to contribute to providing the knowledge systematically about this new topic in Vietnam. In this paper, through fieldwork research of the author, clarifying the characteristic, the acceptance and performance of wood burial,…, and through it, making clear the culture of treatment of cremation ashes, the change of family structure, ancestor worship, the concept of patriarchy... in Japan nowadays, is the purpose of my research. This topic has almost not been studied in Vietnam systematically and is meaningful in the context cremation is increasingly accepted, and brings changes in burial culture, the ancestor worship… in Vietnam today.

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Determinants of School Performance in Guatemala: Family Background Characteristics and Early Abilities

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549301600105 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 75-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kathleen S. Gorman ◽

Ernesto Pollitt

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

School Performance ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Family Background ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

School Enrolment ◽

Family Socioeconomic Status ◽

Class Differences ◽

Cumulative Deficit ◽

And Performance

The purpose of this study was to explore how two sets of antecedent variables contribute to variation in school enrolment and performance in four villages in rural Guatemala. Measures of preschool cognition and indicators of family socioeconomic status (maternal education level and house quality) predicted school enrolment for boys and girls. Similarly, for those who went to school, socioeconomic status and preschool abilities were associated with age-atentry, the number of grades passed and failed, and the maximum grade attained. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that preschool abilities, after controlling for indicators of family background, explain significant portions of variance in age of entry and other measures of school performance. The results are interpreted in the light of the cumulative deficit hypothesis which postulates that early environmental disadvantages increase over time. These data indicate that the school experience contributes to maintaining, rather than reducing, social class differences.

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Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095509 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

H. M. Thieringer

Keyword(s):

Objective Lens ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Image Recording ◽

Mode Of Operation ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

And Performance ◽

Convergent Beam ◽

Ray Path ◽

Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 370-371

Author(s):

Huang Min ◽

P.S. Flora ◽

C.J. Harland ◽

J.A. Venables

Keyword(s):

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Detection System ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Cylindrical Mirror ◽

Inner Radius ◽

Channel Plate ◽

And Performance ◽

Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

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Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156985 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

Joe A. Mascorro ◽

Gerald S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Succinic Anhydride ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Mass Density ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Base Resin ◽

And Performance ◽

Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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Trace nanoanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172437 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 940-941

Author(s):

D. E. Newbury ◽

R. D. Leapman

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

Volume Element ◽

And Performance ◽

Trace Constituents ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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