Reproduction under Predatory Threat: Trade-Offs between Nest Guarding and Predator Avoidance in Male Dollar Sunfish (Lepomis marginatus)

Copeia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Winkelman
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Trade Offs

Conflicting Demands in Sand Gobies: Predators Influence Reproductive Behaviour

Behaviour ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 126 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Magnhagen ◽  
Elisabet Forsgren
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Pomatoschistus Minutus ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Activity

AbstractThe effects of predation risk on the reproductive behaviour of male and female sand gobies, Pomatoschistus minutus, were investigated in two separate aquarium studies. In the presence of a predator (cod, Gadus morhua), males decreased their courtship activity while females did not alter their level of activity. In the second study, there was no difference between treatments (with and without predator) in the time from when a female was presented to a male with a nest until spawning took place or in the amount of eggs laid. However, pre-spawning behaviour differed between the two treatments. When the cod was in sight, both males and females burrowed in the sand more often. In the absence of a predator, pairs spent longer together in the nest before spawning started, and females also inspected the nest alone, which never happened during predator presence. Hence, both sexes make trade-offs between predator avoidance and behaviours associated with mating. Females, however, seem to take higher risks during the courtship phase in order to find a partner compared to males.

scholarly journals Compensatory foraging in Trinidadian guppies: Effects of acute and chronic predation threats

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris K. Elvidge ◽  
Indar Ramnarine ◽  
Grant E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Graded Responses ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Threat Levels

Abstract In response to acute predation threats, prey may sacrifice foraging opportunities in favour of increased predator avoidance. Under conditions of high or frequent predation risk, such trade-offs may lead to reduced fitness. Here, we test the prediction that prey reduce the costs associated with lost opportunities following acute predation threats by exhibiting short-term compensatory foraging responses. Under semi-natural conditions, we exposed female guppies Poecilia reticulate from high and low predation risk sites to one of three levels of acute predation threat (high, intermediate or low concentrations of conspecific alarm cues). Our results confirm previous reports, demonstrating that guppies from a high predation site were consistently ‘bolder’ (shorter escape latencies) and exhibited graded threat-sensitive responses to different simulated threat levels while those from the low predation site were ‘shyer’ and exhibited non-graded responses. Most importantly, we found that when guppies from low predation sites resumed foraging, they did so at rates significantly lower than baseline rates. However, guppies from high predation sites resumed foraging either at rates equal to baseline (in response to low or intermediate risk stimuli) or significantly increased relative to baseline rates (in response to high risk stimuli). Together, these results highlight a complex compensatory behavioral mechanism that may allow prey to reduce the long-term costs associated with predator avoidance.

Do stream mayflies exhibit trade-offs between food acquisition and predator avoidance behaviors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Hernandez ◽  
Barbara L. Peckarsky
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Trade Offs

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

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