Do stream mayflies exhibit trade-offs between food acquisition and predator avoidance behaviors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Hernandez ◽  
Barbara L. Peckarsky
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Trade Offs

Conflicting Demands in Sand Gobies: Predators Influence Reproductive Behaviour

Behaviour ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 126 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Magnhagen ◽  
Elisabet Forsgren
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Pomatoschistus Minutus ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Activity

AbstractThe effects of predation risk on the reproductive behaviour of male and female sand gobies, Pomatoschistus minutus, were investigated in two separate aquarium studies. In the presence of a predator (cod, Gadus morhua), males decreased their courtship activity while females did not alter their level of activity. In the second study, there was no difference between treatments (with and without predator) in the time from when a female was presented to a male with a nest until spawning took place or in the amount of eggs laid. However, pre-spawning behaviour differed between the two treatments. When the cod was in sight, both males and females burrowed in the sand more often. In the absence of a predator, pairs spent longer together in the nest before spawning started, and females also inspected the nest alone, which never happened during predator presence. Hence, both sexes make trade-offs between predator avoidance and behaviours associated with mating. Females, however, seem to take higher risks during the courtship phase in order to find a partner compared to males.

Food acquisition and predator avoidance in a Neotropical rodent

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Suselbeek ◽  
Willem-Jan Emsens ◽  
Ben T. Hirsch ◽  
Roland Kays ◽  
J. Marcus Rowcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Neotropical Rodent

scholarly journals Compensatory foraging in Trinidadian guppies: Effects of acute and chronic predation threats

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris K. Elvidge ◽  
Indar Ramnarine ◽  
Grant E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Graded Responses ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Threat Levels

Abstract In response to acute predation threats, prey may sacrifice foraging opportunities in favour of increased predator avoidance. Under conditions of high or frequent predation risk, such trade-offs may lead to reduced fitness. Here, we test the prediction that prey reduce the costs associated with lost opportunities following acute predation threats by exhibiting short-term compensatory foraging responses. Under semi-natural conditions, we exposed female guppies Poecilia reticulate from high and low predation risk sites to one of three levels of acute predation threat (high, intermediate or low concentrations of conspecific alarm cues). Our results confirm previous reports, demonstrating that guppies from a high predation site were consistently ‘bolder’ (shorter escape latencies) and exhibited graded threat-sensitive responses to different simulated threat levels while those from the low predation site were ‘shyer’ and exhibited non-graded responses. Most importantly, we found that when guppies from low predation sites resumed foraging, they did so at rates significantly lower than baseline rates. However, guppies from high predation sites resumed foraging either at rates equal to baseline (in response to low or intermediate risk stimuli) or significantly increased relative to baseline rates (in response to high risk stimuli). Together, these results highlight a complex compensatory behavioral mechanism that may allow prey to reduce the long-term costs associated with predator avoidance.

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