The Relationship Between Epiphyseal Groove Closure and Age of the Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus Floridanus)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pelton
Keyword(s):  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The rabbit papillomavirus model: a valuable tool to study viral–host interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1773) ◽  
pp. 20180294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Cladel ◽  
Xuwen Peng ◽  
Neil Christensen ◽  
Jiafen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Transgenic Rabbits ◽  
Viral Host Interactions

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) was the first DNA virus shown to be tumorigenic. The virus has since been renamed and is officially known as Sylvilagus floridanus papillomavirus 1 (SfPV1). Since its inception as a surrogate preclinical model for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, the SfPV1/rabbit model has been widely used to study viral–host interactions and has played a pivotal role in the successful development of three prophylactic virus-like particle vaccines. In this review, we will focus on the use of the model to gain a better understanding of viral pathogenesis, gene function and host immune responses to viral infections. We will discuss the application of the model in HPV-associated vaccine testing, in therapeutic vaccine development (using our novel HLA-A2.1 transgenic rabbits) and in the development and validation of novel anti-viral and anti-tumour compounds. Our goal is to demonstrate the role the SfPV1/rabbit model has played, and continues to play, in helping to unravel the intricacies of papillomavirus infections and to develop tools to thwart the disease. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses’.

scholarly journals Vigilance Response of a Key Prey Species to Anthropogenic and Natural Threats in Detroit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Lima ◽  
Siria Gámez ◽  
Nathaniel Arringdale ◽  
Nyeema C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Natural Predator ◽  
Urban Greenspaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Rapid urbanization coupled with increased human activity induces pressures that affect predator-prey relations through a suite of behavioral mechanisms, including alteration of avoidance and coexistence dynamics. Synergisms of natural and anthropogenic threats existing within urban environments exacerbate the necessity for species to differentially modify behavior to each risk. Here, we explore the behavioral response of a key prey species, cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), to pressures from humans, domestic dogs, and a natural predator, coyotes (Canis latrans) in a human-dominated landscape. We conducted the first camera survey in urban parks throughout Detroit, Michigan in 2017–2020 to assess vigilance response corresponding to a heterogeneous landscape created from variation in the occupancy of threats. We predicted a scaled response where cottontail rabbits would be most vigilant in areas with high coyote activity, moderately vigilant in areas with high domestic dog activity, and the least vigilant in areas of high human activity. From 8,165 independent cottontail rabbit detections in Detroit across 11,616 trap nights, one-third were classified as vigilant. We found vigilance behavior increased with coyote occupancy and in locations with significantly high domestic dog activity, but found no significant impact of human occupancy or their spatial hotspots. We also found little spatial overlap between rabbits and threats, suggesting rabbits invest more in spatial avoidance; thus, less effort is required for vigilance. Our results elucidate strategies of a prey species coping with various risks to advance our understanding of the adaptability of wildlife in urban environments. In order to promote coexistence between people and wildlife in urban greenspaces, we must understand and anticipate the ecological implications of human-induced behavioral modifications.

scholarly journals Detection of L1, infectious virions and anti-L1 antibody in domestic rabbits infected with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 3286-3293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafen Hu ◽  
Lynn R. Budgeon ◽  
Nancy M. Cladel ◽  
Timothy D. Culp ◽  
Karla K. Balogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
L1 Protein ◽  
Natural Virus

Shope papillomavirus or cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) is one of the first small DNA tumour viruses to be characterized. Although the natural host for CRPV is the cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), CRPV can infect domestic laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and induce tumour outgrowth and cancer development. In previous studies, investigators attempted to passage CRPV in domestic rabbits, but achieved very limited success, leading to the suggestion that CRPV infection in domestic rabbits was abortive. The persistence of specific anti-L1 antibody in sera from rabbits infected with either virus or viral DNA led us to revisit the questions as to whether L1 and infectious CRPV can be produced in domestic rabbit tissues. We detected various levels of L1 protein in most papillomas from CRPV-infected rabbits using recently developed monoclonal antibodies. Sensitive in vitro infectivity assays additionally confirmed that extracts from these papillomas were infectious. These studies demonstrated that the CRPV/New Zealand White rabbit model could be used as an in vivo model to study natural virus infection and viral life cycle of CRPV and not be limited to studies on abortive infections.

scholarly journals Vigilance response of a key prey species to anthropogenic and natural threats in Detroit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Lima ◽  
Siria Gámez ◽  
Nathaniel Arringdale ◽  
Nyeema C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Natural Predator ◽  
Urban Greenspaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

AbstractRapid urbanization coupled with increased human activity induces pressures that affect predator-prey relations through a suite of behavioral mechanisms, including alteration of avoidance and coexistence dynamics. Synergisms of natural and anthropogenic threats existing within urban environments exacerbate the necessity for species to differentially modify behavior to each risk. Here, we explore the behavioral response of a key prey species, cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), to pressures from humans, domestic dogs, and a natural predator, coyotes (Canis latrans) in a human-dominated landscape. We conducted the first camera survey in urban parks throughout Detroit, Michigan in 2017-2020 to assess vigilance response corresponding to a heterogeneous landscape created from variation in the occupancy of threats. We predicted a scaled response where cottontail rabbits would be most vigilant in areas with high coyote activity, moderately vigilant in areas with high domestic dog activity, and the least vigilant in areas of high human activity. From 8,165 independent cottontail rabbit detections in Detroit across 11,616 trap nights, one-third were classified as vigilant. We found vigilance behavior increased with coyote occupancy and in locations with significantly high domestic dog activity, but found no significant impact of human occupancy or their spatial hotspots. We also found little spatial overlap between rabbits and threats, suggesting rabbits invest more in spatial avoidance; thus, less effort is required for vigilance. Our results elucidate strategies of a prey species coping with various risks to advance our understanding of the adaptability of wildlife in urban environments. In order to promote coexistence between people and wildlife in urban greenspaces, we must understand and anticipate the ecological implications of human-induced behavioral modifications.

scholarly journals Range Extension of the Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Quintana Roo, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart ◽  
Rugieri Juárez-López ◽  
Alejandro Jesús-de la Cruz ◽  
Yaribeth Bravata-de la Cruz ◽  
Jesús Iglesias-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Extension ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Eastern Cottontail ◽  
Eastern Cottontail Rabbit

Ochotona and other vertebrates of possible Illinoian age from Kelso Cave, Halton County, Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Churcher ◽  
R. R. Dods
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Niagara Escarpment ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Toad Bufo

Disarticulated skeletal elements of American? toad (Bufo sp., ?B. americanus), grouse (Canachites canadensis or Bonasa umbellus), varying hare (Lepus americanus), cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), large pika (Ochotona sp.), woodland deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) have been identified from a travertine cemented dolomite breccia from a demolished cave in the Lockport Formation of the Niagara Escarpment west of Milton, Ontario. Pollen grains recovered from the matrix show that spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), birch (Betula sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), elm (Ulmus sp.), lime (Tilia sp.), and black walnut (Juglans nigra) coexisted with the fauna. The flora resembles that radiocarbon dated to between 10 500 and 9500 years BC from nearby Crawford Lake. However, the presence of Ochotona sp. suggests a possible Illinoian age for the deposit on the known occurrences of Illinoian Ochotona in Maryland and West Virginia, and the record of Illinoian giant pikas in Alaska and eastern Asia.

scholarly journals Mammal camera trapping success in a fragmented suburban landscape

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cove ◽  
Brandon Jones ◽  
Aaron Bossert ◽  
Victoria Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Suburban Landscape

Camera traps are commonly used for mammal surveys and many recent studies have published variable trap success rates. All published reports have focused survey efforts in protected areas or large contiguous forests, but we used camera traps in a highly altered suburban landscape. We selected 22 camera trap sites in Warrensburg and Lee’s Summit, Missouri and surveyed for a total of 308 trapnights (TN) of effort. Procyon lotor (raccoon) had the highest trap success (38.96/100 TN), followed by: Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum, 37.34/100 TN); Odocoileus virginianus (white tailed deer, 27.92/100 TN); Sciurus niger and S. carolinensis (fox and gray squirrel, 19.48/100 TN); Vulpes vulpes (red fox, 8.77/100 TN); Canis latrans (coyote, 7.79/100 TN); Sylvilagus floridanus (cottontail rabbit, 3.90/100 TN); Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox, 2.92/100 TN); Lynx rufus (bobcat, 1.95/100 TN); and Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk, 1.62/100 TN). These results are higher than any other published findings. We used 1-3 kg of deer meat as bait at each camera station and we believe this increased our trap success of mesopredators (Cove et al., 2012) versus studies that used no bait. However, our trap success for deer, squirrels, and rabbits were also higher than those published and these species were not attracted to bait. We hypothesize that the increased trap success in our study reflects (1) a true state of increased mesopredator abundance due to increased human-derived resources in the suburbs, and (2) concentrated activity of mammals in small fragmented forest patches versus the expansive forest tracts in other studies.

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