Ochotona and other vertebrates of possible Illinoian age from Kelso Cave, Halton County, Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Churcher ◽  
R. R. Dods
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Niagara Escarpment ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Toad Bufo

Disarticulated skeletal elements of American? toad (Bufo sp., ?B. americanus), grouse (Canachites canadensis or Bonasa umbellus), varying hare (Lepus americanus), cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), large pika (Ochotona sp.), woodland deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) have been identified from a travertine cemented dolomite breccia from a demolished cave in the Lockport Formation of the Niagara Escarpment west of Milton, Ontario. Pollen grains recovered from the matrix show that spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), birch (Betula sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), elm (Ulmus sp.), lime (Tilia sp.), and black walnut (Juglans nigra) coexisted with the fauna. The flora resembles that radiocarbon dated to between 10 500 and 9500 years BC from nearby Crawford Lake. However, the presence of Ochotona sp. suggests a possible Illinoian age for the deposit on the known occurrences of Illinoian Ochotona in Maryland and West Virginia, and the record of Illinoian giant pikas in Alaska and eastern Asia.

scholarly journals Mammal camera trapping success in a fragmented suburban landscape

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cove ◽  
Brandon Jones ◽  
Aaron Bossert ◽  
Victoria Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Suburban Landscape

Camera traps are commonly used for mammal surveys and many recent studies have published variable trap success rates. All published reports have focused survey efforts in protected areas or large contiguous forests, but we used camera traps in a highly altered suburban landscape. We selected 22 camera trap sites in Warrensburg and Lee’s Summit, Missouri and surveyed for a total of 308 trapnights (TN) of effort. Procyon lotor (raccoon) had the highest trap success (38.96/100 TN), followed by: Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum, 37.34/100 TN); Odocoileus virginianus (white tailed deer, 27.92/100 TN); Sciurus niger and S. carolinensis (fox and gray squirrel, 19.48/100 TN); Vulpes vulpes (red fox, 8.77/100 TN); Canis latrans (coyote, 7.79/100 TN); Sylvilagus floridanus (cottontail rabbit, 3.90/100 TN); Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox, 2.92/100 TN); Lynx rufus (bobcat, 1.95/100 TN); and Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk, 1.62/100 TN). These results are higher than any other published findings. We used 1-3 kg of deer meat as bait at each camera station and we believe this increased our trap success of mesopredators (Cove et al., 2012) versus studies that used no bait. However, our trap success for deer, squirrels, and rabbits were also higher than those published and these species were not attracted to bait. We hypothesize that the increased trap success in our study reflects (1) a true state of increased mesopredator abundance due to increased human-derived resources in the suburbs, and (2) concentrated activity of mammals in small fragmented forest patches versus the expansive forest tracts in other studies.

scholarly journals Mammal camera trapping success in a fragmented suburban landscape

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cove ◽  
Brandon Jones ◽  
Aaron Bossert ◽  
Victoria Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Suburban Landscape

Camera traps are commonly used for mammal surveys and many recent studies have published variable trap success rates. All published reports have focused survey efforts in protected areas or large contiguous forests, but we used camera traps in a highly altered suburban landscape. We selected 22 camera trap sites in Warrensburg and Lee’s Summit, Missouri and surveyed for a total of 308 trapnights (TN) of effort. Procyon lotor (raccoon) had the highest trap success (38.96/100 TN), followed by: Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum, 37.34/100 TN); Odocoileus virginianus (white tailed deer, 27.92/100 TN); Sciurus niger and S. carolinensis (fox and gray squirrel, 19.48/100 TN); Vulpes vulpes (red fox, 8.77/100 TN); Canis latrans (coyote, 7.79/100 TN); Sylvilagus floridanus (cottontail rabbit, 3.90/100 TN); Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox, 2.92/100 TN); Lynx rufus (bobcat, 1.95/100 TN); and Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk, 1.62/100 TN). These results are higher than any other published findings. We used 1-3 kg of deer meat as bait at each camera station and we believe this increased our trap success of mesopredators (Cove et al., 2012) versus studies that used no bait. However, our trap success for deer, squirrels, and rabbits were also higher than those published and these species were not attracted to bait. We hypothesize that the increased trap success in our study reflects (1) a true state of increased mesopredator abundance due to increased human-derived resources in the suburbs, and (2) concentrated activity of mammals in small fragmented forest patches versus the expansive forest tracts in other studies.

Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn M.R. Webber ◽  
Liam P. McGuire ◽  
Steven B. Smith ◽  
Craig K.R. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Colonial Species ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of behaviour on host-parasite dynamics has theoretical support but few empirical studies have examined this influence for wild-captured hosts, especially in colonial species, which are thought to face generally high risk of exposure. Behavioural tendencies of hosts in novel environments could mediate host exposure. We tested the hypothesis that behavioural tendencies of hosts, and host sex and age, correlate with prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in a gregarious mammal, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). We also tested whether relationships between host behaviour and parasite prevalence and intensity would vary between taxa of ectoparasites which differ in host-seeking behaviour. We predicted that individual hosts displaying active and explorative behaviours would have higher prevalence and intensity of parasites that depend on physical contact among hosts for transmission (mites) but that host behaviour would not influence prevalence and intensity of mobile ectoparasites with active host-seeking behaviour (fleas). We recorded behavioural responses of wild-captured bats in a novel-environment test and then sampled each individual for ectoparasites. After accounting for age and sex we found mixed support for our hypotheses in some but not all demographics. More active adult and young of the year (YOY) males were more likely to host mites while more active adult and YOY females were less likely to host fleas. Our results highlight possible differences in the influence of host and parasite behaviour on parasite transmission dynamics for colonial compared to non-colonial species and have conservation implications for understanding pathogen transmission in bat white-nose syndrome and other wildlife diseases.

Bat activity over calm and turbulent water

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix von Frenckell ◽  
Robert M. R. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Turbulent Water

A comparison of the activity of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) over calm pools and fast-flowing riffles was performed in southwestern Alberta. Bat activity was assessed by monitoring echolocation calls using ultrasonic detectors. Activity was higher over pools than riffles. This could be due to differences in prey abundance or accessibility in the two habitats. Alternatively, water noise at turbulent sites may interfere with the bats' echolocation abilities. Sticky traps were used to assess prey abundance, and water noise was recorded for intensity–frequency analysis. Insect abundance at the height where the bats flew (< 1 m above the water) did not differ between sites, but insects close to or at water level at calm pools may be more accessible than at fast-flowing riffles. Further, water noise at riffles may decrease the efficiency with which bats detect targets.

Effects of Familiar Area on the Homing Ability of the Little Brown Bat, Myotis lucifugus

1979 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
J. W. Leffler ◽  
L. T. Leffler ◽  
J. S. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Little Brown Bat

Handling and blood collection in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)

Lab Animal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hooper ◽  
Sybill K. Amelon
Keyword(s):  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Little Brown Bat

scholarly journals The rabbit papillomavirus model: a valuable tool to study viral–host interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1773) ◽  
pp. 20180294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Cladel ◽  
Xuwen Peng ◽  
Neil Christensen ◽  
Jiafen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Cottontail Rabbit ◽  
Transgenic Rabbits ◽  
Viral Host Interactions

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) was the first DNA virus shown to be tumorigenic. The virus has since been renamed and is officially known as Sylvilagus floridanus papillomavirus 1 (SfPV1). Since its inception as a surrogate preclinical model for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, the SfPV1/rabbit model has been widely used to study viral–host interactions and has played a pivotal role in the successful development of three prophylactic virus-like particle vaccines. In this review, we will focus on the use of the model to gain a better understanding of viral pathogenesis, gene function and host immune responses to viral infections. We will discuss the application of the model in HPV-associated vaccine testing, in therapeutic vaccine development (using our novel HLA-A2.1 transgenic rabbits) and in the development and validation of novel anti-viral and anti-tumour compounds. Our goal is to demonstrate the role the SfPV1/rabbit model has played, and continues to play, in helping to unravel the intricacies of papillomavirus infections and to develop tools to thwart the disease. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses’.

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