William J. Samarin, The Black Man's Burden: African colonial labor on the Congo and Ubangi rivers, 1880-1900. African Modernization and Development series, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989, 288 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0 8133 7740 4. - John Higginson, A Working Class in the Making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990, 327 pp., $40·00, ISBN 0 299 12070 8 hardback; $18·75, ISBN 0 299 12074 0 paperback.

Africa ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Simon Katzenellenbogen
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
University Of Wisconsin

Europeanization through Privatization and Pluralization in Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åttila Ågh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
State Party ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
Class Society ◽  
European Working ◽  
Latin Americanization ◽  
Party State

ABSTRACTAnalytically, privatization and pluralization may be treated as separate economic and political phenomena, but in the actual conditions of a post-Communist society they are integrally related to the development of a middle-class society that was absent due to ‘deprivatization’ in a one-party state. The creation of a society of plural interests and private enterprise represents a shift from Sovietization to Europeanization. However, the process is extremely difficult, for there are many paradoxes in the logic of privatization. In addition, issues of ownership – past as well as future – are major political battlefields. Political strategies of privatization include a grand coalition; a new state-party; Latin-Americanization; creating a broad entrepreneurial class and/or a European working class; and a wide coalition. These complexities are examined with particular reference to the experience of contemporary Hungary.

Porfirian Labor Politics: Working Class Organizations in Mexico City and Porfirio Diaz, 1876-1902

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Labor Militancy ◽  
The Revolution

Most studies of relations between government and organized labor in Mexico stand firmly on the supposition that the Revolution of 1910 marked a sharp break with the past. The labor policies of the Díaz regime have alternately been described as either brutally repressive or as neutral and aloof in keeping with nineteenth century liberal doctrine (especially before 1906). If either of these somewhat contradictory characterizations are true, then the case for discontinuity in labor policies is clearly confirmed.This essay will argue that neither description of labor policies during the Díaz regime is accurate. Rather, patterns of interaction between the Díaz government and urban working class organizations, especially in Mexico City, shaped the evolution of the Mexican labor movement and national labor policy along lines followed ever since. The Díaz government developed a flexible and sophisticated array of labor policy instruments that was based upon cooperation with and subsidies to progovernment labor organizations as well as political rewards and the other fruits of cooptation for labor leaders loyal to the regime. With its labor allies, the Díaz government promoted modes of organization which retarded labor militancy, sponsored informal as well as official mediation between workers and employers during strikes and other conflicts, and disseminated propaganda and instituted educational programs, including pro-government labor newspapers and schools for the working class, designed to promote labor's identification of its own well-being with the interests of the state. While the Revolution of 1910 and the later developments of the Cárdenas era institutionalized statelabor relations as never before, the objectives and instrumentalities of contemporary labor relations have their origin in the Porfiriato.

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