Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone: Determinants and Policy Implications. By Derek Byerlee , East Lansing: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, 1976. Pp. x, 113, tables, figs, maps, bibl. Single copies free. - The Economics of Rural and Urban Small-Scale Industries in Sierra Leone. By Carl Liedholm and Enyinna Chuta. East Lansing: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, 1976. Pp. x, 130, tables, bibl. Single copies free. - Employment, Efficiency and Income in the Rice Processing Industry of Sierra Leone. By Dunstan S. C. Spencer East Lansing: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, 1976. Pp. x, 78, tables, figs, maps, bibl. Single copies free.

Africa ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-311
Author(s):  
Rowena M. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
State University ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Small Scale Industries

scholarly journals Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Yuhang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and welfare, can handle random hazards, and the new Land Management Law guarantees that rural migrants who settle in the city can maintain their rights to farmland, homesteads, and a collective income distribution. Existing studies have pointed out that homeland tenure can reduce migrants’ urban settlement intentions (which is a self-reported subjective perception of city life). However, little is known about how the rural-urban circularity and rural tenure system (especially for those still holding hometown lands in the countryside) affect rural migrants’ temporary urban settlements (especially for those preferring to stay in informal communities in the host city). The existing studies on the urban villages in China have focused only on the side of the receiving cities, but have rarely mentioned the other side of this process, focusing on migrants’ rural land tenure issues in their hometowns. This study discusses the rationale of informality (the urban village) and attests to whether, and to what extent, rural migrants’ retention of their hometown lands can affect their tenure security choices (urban village or not) in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing. Binary logistic regression was conducted and the data analysis proved that rural migrants who kept their hometown lands, compared to their land-loss counterparts, were more likely to live in a Beijing urban village. This displays the resilience and circularity of rural-urban migration in China, wherein the rural migrant households demonstrate the “micro-family economy”, maintaining tenure security in their hometown and avoiding the dissipation of their family income in their destination. The Discussion and Conclusions sections of this paper refer to some policy implications related to maintaining the rural-urban dual system, protecting rural migrant land rights, and beefing up the “opportunity structure” (including maintaining the low-rent areas in metropolises such as Beijing) in the 14th Five Year Plan period.

WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION FROM POWER PLANTS WITH AN INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL AND AQUACULTURAL SYSTEM  R. L. Meekhof is research assistant, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, I. P. Schisler is research assistant, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, F. W. Bakker-Arkema is professor, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, L. J. Connor is professor, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, G. E. Merva is professor, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; M. G. Roth is graduate assistant, Systems Dept., University of Illinois; V. M. Schultink is research assistant, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, B. A. Stout is professor, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, R. L. Tummala is assistant professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Systems Science, J. VanKuiken is research assistant, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Systems Science and L. P. Walker is research assistant, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. This research was financed by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station and the Consumers Power Company of Michigan.

1977 ◽  
pp. 507-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Meekhof ◽  
I.P. Schisler ◽  
F.W. Bakker-Arkema ◽  
L.J. Connor ◽  
G.E. Merva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Is Research

The Distribution of Household Income in China: Inequality, Poverty and Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Terry Sicular
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article examines recent trends in inequality and poverty and the effects of distributional policies in China. After a discussion of data and measurement issues, we present evidence on national, as well as rural and urban, inequality and poverty. We critically examine a selection of policies pursued during the Hu–Wen decade that had explicit distributional objectives: the individual income tax, the elimination of agricultural taxes and fees, minimum wage policies, the relaxation of restrictions on rural–urban migration, the minimum living standard guarantee programme, the “open up the west” development strategy, and the development-oriented rural poverty reduction programme. Despite these policies, income inequality in China increased substantially from the mid-1990s through to 2008. Although inequality stabilized after 2008, the level of inequality remained moderately high by international standards. The ongoing urban–rural income gap and rapid growth in income from private assets and wealth have contributed to these trends in inequality. Policies relaxing restrictions on rural–urban migration have moderated inequality. Our review of selected distributional policies suggests that not all policy measures have been equally effective in ameliorating inequality and poverty.

scholarly journals URAL EMPLOYMENTS IN THE MEKONG DELTA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH URBAN AREAS IN THE SHIFT FROM RICE CULTIVATION TO SHRIMP FARMING

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Lan Thi Phuong Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

By analyzing dimensions of labor migration in the delta’s rice-to-shrimp communities, this paper suggests that in the present context, the relationship between rural and urban areas cannot be separately analyzed. In this paper, this close relationship is manifested in two aspects of rural employments and rural-urban migration. Those factors of excess labor, limited land, lack of employment, and uncertain conditions in agriculture production are important movitations of labor migration in the delta. Our findings are that having close proximity to industrial and urban areas remains an important drive of rural-urban migration. However, the rapid development of transportation and information which more and more connects rural and urban areas effectively has reduced geographical distance. Consequently, the organic relations between rural and industrial and urban areas have accelerated rural-urban migration. Moreover, rural-migration is also an indicator of unsustainability in agricultural production of the Mekong Delta.

Human Capital and Urbanization in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 514-546
Author(s):  
Sandip Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Income ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Active Policy

This chapter analyses the human capital base of population, workers, and migrants and compares the human capital base of the population and workers in rural and urban areas. The nature and extent of the private sector’s role in human capital formation are also looked at. This chapter finds that earnings of workers increase substantially at each successive level of education and returns are far higher at the graduate-and-above level. The contribution of rural–urban migration in increasing the urban population has been around one-fifth. In that sense, urban growth has been exclusionary. It observes that urban areas are considerably better endowed with the quality of human capital and the average returns to education are higher in urban areas compared with rural areas, and rural–urban gaps in average return to education are increasing over time. It calls for active policy to promote rural–urban migration that will boost urban as well as national income. In this regard it argues for an active policy of promoting the labour-intensive manufacturing sector which is likely to promote more migration and reduce the selectivity bias in rural–urban migration.

Using Homer Software for Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Power Generation for Small Scale Industry in Nigeria: A Case Study Lumatec Aluminium Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Luqman Raji ◽  
Zhigilla Y.I ◽  
Wadai J
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Nigeria is one of developing countries in the world that experience shortage of electricity for her economic and social development. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale industries use diesel/petrol-based systems to generate their electricity. However, due to the cost fluctuation of oil and gas fuel, an alternative power generation should be considered. This paper targets to examine the cost analysis of system for supplying electricity to LUMATEC Aluminium products shop in Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) is used as a tool for cost analysis. The scenario consider in this study was only stand-alone with battery system. Results revealed that the system have 10kW PV with cost of electricity (COE) of $0.312/kW. The initial capital cost and total net present cost (NPC) are $21.775 and $26.148 respectively, with payback period of 5.8years. In conclusion, this study provides the solution of power supply to the small-scale industries at cost effective and available throughout the year and it is feasible to solve the small-scale industries, rural and urban electricity supplying in this country (Nigeria). It is recommended that Nigerian Government & Law makers should promotes the use of standalone PV system for domestic and small-scale industry by providing financial assistance through soft loans, subsides and grants.

scholarly journals SOCIO- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RURAL - URBAN BALANCE IN IRAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Productivity

The article assesses how socio-agricultural development will sustain as a result of a balanced scale of rural-urban equality. However, increasing migration from rural to urban areas highly affects productivity and the infrastructure of the productivity in urban sectors. The process of modernization is highly responsible for the change, and a motivator for rural-urban migration not only in Iran, but in China, India and many other developing countries. The emerging scenario is contributing to increasing issues. The article concludes that rural and urban, or so to say, agriculture and industry benefit each other. The paper reaches the point that rural-urban balance optimistically leads to socio-economic development and sustainable growth. On the other hand, increasing and unbridled urbanization leads to declining raw materials needed for industrial development and urban productivity. The article reflects the merits, demerits and the challenges of the current transformation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document