scholarly journals Nosocomial infections in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Marko Bumbasirevic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Days

Aim. To determine the incidence and the localization of nosocomial infections (NI) in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology. Methods. A prospective cohort study carried out between February 1 and July 31, 2002 included all of the surgical patients who were hospitalized longer than 48 hours, as well as 30 days after the discharge. The patients were examined and their diagnoses made according to the definition of NI, that was based on the clinical and/or laboratory findings. Results. Out of 277 hospitalized patients, 78 had a total of 91 NIs. Sixty seven (85.8%) of the patients had 1 registered NI each, 9 (11.6%) of the patient had 2 NIs each, while only the 2 (2.6%) were with 3 NIs. The incidence of the patients with HAI was 28.2% (95% IP = 22.9-33.5), while the incidence of HAI was 32.8%. The patients who developed a NI were hospitalized almost twice as long as the patients who did not (t test = 6.0, DF = 275, p < 0.001). In regard to the duration of hospitalization, the incidence of NI was 12.3 per 1000 patient-hospital days. The patients operated on most frequently had the surgical-site infections (69.2%). Of 63 infections of the surgical site, 3 patients (4.8%) were diagnosed as having the NI at that localization following the discharge, and then the urinary tract infections, 25.3% (23/91), and sepsis, 5.5% (5/91). Conclusion. Epidemiological surveillance was the first step towards the prevention and the eradication of NI. The results of this study could be of use in planning of the adequate measures for the prevention of NI in the departments of orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Incidence of surgical site infections in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Marko Bumbasirevic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Asa Score ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Good Health Condition

Background/aim: Besides infections of urinary tract and pneumonias, as well as blood infections, surgical site infections (SSI) represent one of the most common localization of hospital infections. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology as well as the SSI incidence in relation to the ASA score, surgical site contamination class and NNIS index. Methods. A prospective cohort study followed daily all the surgical patients hospitalized over 48 hours in the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, as well as 30 days after the discharge, during the period between February 1 to July 31, 2002. The patients were examined and their diagnoses made according to the definition of hospital infections, i.e. upon clinical and/or laboratory analyses, using concurrently the ASA score, surgical site contamination class and NNIS index. Results. Out of 227 surgical patients, 60 were diagnosed with SSI during their hospitalization, while 3 of the patients developed SSI after the discharge. The incidence of SSI was 22.7% (95% CI = 17.8?27.6). In the patients with good health condition, i.e. ASA ? 2, the incidence of SSI was 18.3% (43/235) and in those with ASA > 2, it was 47.6% (20/42) (?2 = 17.4; p < 0.001). The incidence of SSI was 13.5% (25/185) in the clean wounds, 11.6% (5/43) in purely contaminated, while it was much higher in the contaminated 65.5%; (19/29) and soiled 70.0%; (14/20) wounds (?2 = 67.6; p < 0.001). The incidence of SSI in relation to NNIS was 8.1% (13/161) in the patients with score 0, then 36.4% (32/88) in the patients with score 1, and 64.3% (18/28) in the patients with the scores 2 and 3 (?2 = 57.3; p < 0.001). The patients with SSI stayed in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology approximately 1.8 times longer than the patients without SSI (t = 5.3; DF = 275; p < 0.0019. Conclusion. It is important to emphasize the need for constant epidemiological surveillance of SSI and the implementation of preventive measures in Serbia.

scholarly journals Results of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections at the Clinic of Digestive System Surgery, CCS, in 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
V. Mioljevic ◽  
B. Jovanovic ◽  
N. Mazic ◽  
I. Palibrk ◽  
M. Milicevic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Digestive System Surgery ◽  
Tract Infections

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infections (NI) are significant medical problem in the countries worldwide. NI significance reflects in higher morbidity and mortality rates, and moreover, NIs add to longer stay and higher treatment costs. Based on data obtained from underdeveloped and developing countries, over 20% of hospitalized patients acquire some of NIs, while that proportion is 5% in developed countries. OBJECTIVE: a) to establish the frequency of noosocomial infections at the Clinic of Digestive System Diseases, b) determine the NI incidence in accord with anatomic localizations, c) evaluate the percentage prevalence of NI causes according to anatomic localizations, and d) review the problem of resistance of NI causative agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of NI incidence was calculated by Center for Diseases and Prevention (CDC) methodology. Sampling, cultivation, isolation, identification and sensitivity tests of cauosative agents to antimicrobial drugs, obtained from patient's material, were carried out by standard microbiological methods in Microbiological laboratory of the Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia. All infections in patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Digestive System Surgery in 2007 were recorded. Data available from medical documentation as well as data obtained from interviews of medical personnel were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence rates of patients with NI ranged from 1.7-3.4 per 1000 hospital days. Out of a total number of recorded nosocomial infections, surgical site infections accounted for 69%, blood infections 23% and urinary tract infections 6.8%. The most frequent causative agents of surgical site infections in the last year were as follows: Pseudomonas spp (19%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp - (18%), Acinetobacter spp. (13%), and Enterococcus spp (8%). Forty percent (40%) of all blood infections verified by laboratory tests in 2007 was caused by coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp (CNS), followed by Acinetobacter spp (18%), Enterococcus spp (11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7%). The most frequent causative agents of urinary infections were: Escherichia coli (35%) and Enterococcus spp (29%). Over 80% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to Methicillin (MRSA) and enterobacteria produced by beta lactamase were recorded (ESBL). CONCLUSION: Enforcement of epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial infections contributes to insight of severity of NI problem, recognition of resistance of causative agents to antibiotics and recommendation of specific preventive measures related to these infections.

scholarly journals Use of chlorhexidine for the prophylaxis of nosocomial infections in ICU

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bagin ◽  
Vladimir A. Rudnov ◽  
M.N. Astafieva
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Catheter Colonization ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Skin Decontamination ◽  
Tract Infections

This review summarizes published data on the use of chlorhexidine for the prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care units (ICU). The use of a 0.5–2.0% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine is strongly recommended for the surgical site decontamination before surgical intervention or vascular puncture for the prevention of surgical site infections and catheter-associated bloodstream infections. The following measures could be considered: daily skin decontamination with water solution of chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine bathing) in ICU for the prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infection; the use of impregnated with chlorhexidine dressing for the prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infections and catheter colonization; cleaning of the urinary meatus with water solution of chlorhexidine for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. A routine use of chlorhexidine solution for oral care to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia is not reasonable. The risks of contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis and emergence of chlorhexidine-resistant microorganisms should be considered when using chlorhexidine.

Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections After Surgery in Greek Hospitals: Results of Two Nationwide Surveys

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achilleas Gikas ◽  
Maria Roumbelaki ◽  
John Pediaditis ◽  
Pavlos Nikolaidis ◽  
Stamatina Levidiotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Greek Hospitals

AbstractObjective:To determine the frequency and type of nosocomial infections (NIs) (especially surgical-site infections [SSIs]), risk factors, and the type and duration of antibiotic use among surgical patients in Greek hospitals.Design:Two point-prevalence studies.Setting:Fourteen Greek hospitals.Patients:Those in the hospitals during two prevalence surveys undergoing surgery during their stay.Results:In the 1999 survey, 129 of 1,037 surgical patients had developed 148 NIs (14.3%). A total of 1,093 operations were registered, and 49 SSIs (4.5%) were found. In the 2000 survey, 82 of 868 surgical patients had developed 88 NIs (10.1%). A total of 902 operations were registered, and 38 SSIs were detected (4.2%). The median length of stay (LOS) for surgical patients without SSI was 10.0 days (range, 1-19 days); for patients who developed SSI it was 30 days (range, 1-52 days; P < .001). The median LOS prior to surgery for patients without SSI was 1 day (range, 0-4 days); for patients who developed SSI it was 3 days (range, 0-7.5 days; P < .001). Among 30 possible risk factors studied, wound class, LOS prior to surgery, and central venous catheterization were independent predictors of SSI. Median durations of prophylactic antibiotic therapy were 4 days (range, 1-14 days) and 6 days (range, 1-16 days) in the 1999 and 2000 surveys, respectively.Conclusion:Surgical patients in Greek hospitals suffered higher rates of SSI than did surgical patients in other developed countries while prophylactic antibiotics were used excessively.

scholarly journals Post-cardiac surgery bacterial contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Aliona Nastas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Septic purulent nosocomial infections (SPNI) are one of the most significant healthcare challenges of post-surgical procedures. SPNI are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and admission costs. It is a priority to determine the level of nosocomial infections (NI). This study aims to evaluate the bacterial contaminations after cardiac surgery within the Department of Acquired Heart Defects (DAHD). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and the medical records of 1189 patients who underwent cardiac surgery within the DAHD of a multiprofile hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected and stored in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: The incidence rate of SPNI following cardiac surgery was 317.57‰ compared to 15.02‰ officially reported (p <0.001). Of the most common infections among the total of 418 cases of SPNI studied, 32.06% were surgical site infections, 23.18% were associations of infections, 19.14% – respiratory tract infections. A patient with SPNI has an average of 22.25 days/bed spent in hospital, compared with the average for a patient without SPNI of 12.27 days/bed. The etiological structure includes 28 species of microorganisms including gram-positive (61.92%) and gram-negative (38.08%). Conclusions: Given the relatively high incidence of the SPNI and its impact, it is imperative to take more serious measures to prevent and control these infections

Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Decontamination to Prevent Nosocomial Infection in Cardiac Surgery Patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Jose L. Diaz-Gomez ◽  
Sarah W. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Preventing nosocomial infections is important to improve postoperative outcomes for cardiac surgery patients. The patient’s own flora is thought to be the primary source of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, decontamination is an appealing preventative strategy for reducing nosocomial infections. This study investigated the use of topical chlorhexidine gluconate for perioperative nasal and oropharyngeal decontamination in cardiac surgery patients. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in lower respiratory tract infections, deep surgical site infections, use of nonprophylactic antibiotics, and duration of hospitalization. There was an absolute risk reduction in total nosocomial infection of 6.4%; 16 patients would have to be treated with the chlorhexidine decontamination strategy to prevent one nosocomial infection. Chlorhexidine is an advantageous antimicrobial because it has broad-spectrum coverage, is inexpensive, and is very well tolerated.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Intrahospital Infections at the Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Čustović ◽  
Vesna Zulčić-Nakić ◽  
Mensura Aščerić ◽  
Sadeta Hadžić
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Intrahospital infections (IHI) and antibiotics resistance are the problems which exist in virtually all hospitals in the world.The main aim of the present research is establishing of epidemiological surveillance over occurrence of IHI at the Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics at the University Clinical Center Tuzla and thus identifies: types of bacteria which cause IHI, types of infection according to anatomical localization and research resistance organisms causing of IHI on antimicrobial drugs. A study was implemented on all patients admitted to Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics during the period of one year and who subsequently developed infection. Determination of intrahospital infections was done according to criteria defined by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention from the United States.The results of our work have shown that both urinary tract infections and surgical site infections are the most frequent. As IHI causers the most found are gram-negative organisms (73,7%), such as Escherichia coli (29,8%), right after that Klebsiella pneumoniae (24,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) and Proteus mirabilis (5,3%) (p<0,05). Gram-positive organisms as causers of IHI are registered in 26,3% cases. Out of that Streptococcus species are isolated in 10,5% cases, Staphylococcus aureus (8,8%) and coagulasa negative staphylococci (7%) (p>0,05). High percent resistance of bacteria was evident to beta-lactams, aminoglycosids and cephalosporin’s of third generation. Gram-positive organisms were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, while gram-negative organisms manifested the high percent of sensibility to imipenem and cefepime.

scholarly journals Fighting Nosocomial Infection Rates in the General Surgery Department of the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togo A. ◽  
Traore A. ◽  
Kante L. ◽  
Coulibaly Y. ◽  
Diango D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Society ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Nosocomial infections (NI) or hospital-acquired diseases are indicators of the quality of care. This study conducted in Mali aimed to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections, to recognize the risk factors, to identify the pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics and to determine the additional cost of care. The study lasted 6 months from January to June 2007, and the diagnosis of nosocomial infections was based on criteria from the USA C.D.C (Center for Disease Control). We identified 460 patients and 44 among them (9.6%) were affected by nosocomial infections, which included 31 cases of surgical site infections (57.4%), 9 cases of infections on burns (16.7%), 7 cases of lung infections (13%), and 7 cases of urinary tract infections (13%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (44%). All isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and 46% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The risk factors for infection were emergency surgery, ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) class and the type of surgery defined by Altemeir. The preoperative preparation of the patients, the strict respect of hygiene and asepsis to the operating room can reduce the frequency of NI in our country.

scholarly journals Frequency of hospital infections at department of urogoly

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Rakic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Milomir Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction. At departments of urology, as well as other hospital departments, hospital infections represent an important problem. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency and the most common localizations of hospital infections at the Department of urology. Material and methods. All the patients hospitalized for longer than 48 hours at the Department of Urology, General hospital, Sabac were included in a prospective study of incidence in the period of 12 months. The everyday epidemiological surveillance was carried out, as well as the inspection of the existing medical files. The diagnosis of hospital infections was made on the basis of known definitions. Results. Ninetyfour out of 554 hospitalized patients included in the research had 122 hospital infections. One hospital infection was recorded in 64 of those included in the research, whereas two and three infections were recorded in 26 and 2 patients, respectively. The incidence rate of the patients with hospital infections was 17.3%, and the rate of the incidence of the infections 22.4%. The incidence rate by 1,000 patients-hospitalization days was 12.4. Out of the total number of infections, 69.7% were urinary tract infections, 27% surgical site infections and 3.3% sepses. The incidence rate of the patients with urinary infections was 14.7% and the incidence rate of urinary infections 15.6%. The rate of urinary infections in the patients with urinary catheter (19.6%) was sig?nificantly higher than in those patients without urinary catheter (p<0.001). The rate of incidence of surgical site infections was 6.1% and the incidence rate of blood infections was 0.7%. Conclusion. The most common hospital infections in our work were urinary infections and surgical site infections. The rates recorded in our study are similar to those in the hospitals that have only started the surveillance of hospital infections.

Converting Incidence and Prevalence Data of Nosocomial Infections Results From Eight Hospitals

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
Helga Bräuer ◽  
Dorit Sohr ◽  
Christine Geffers ◽  
Dietmar H. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Separate Point ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractObjective:To investigate the use of the formula of Rhame and Sudderth for the interconversion of prevalence and incidence data on the frequency of nosocomial infections.Design:Comparison of observed and calculated incidence data and prevalence data.Setting:One 8-week incidence investigation in the surgical and intensive care units of eight medium-sized hospitals; three separate point-prevalence studies in the same units.Results:The overall prevalence observed after the three prevalence studies in 2,169 patients was 6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI95], 5.7-8.0). In 2,882 discharged patients observed during the incidence study, the mean hospitalization was 9.8 days; patients with one or more nosocomial infection had a mean hospitalization time of 22.3 days and a mean interval of 8.2 days from admission to the first day of infection. Based on these data, the overall calculated incidence was 4.7%, whereas the observed incidence was 4.3% (CI95, 3.6-5.2). Vice versa, an overall prevalence of 6.2% was found when calculated from the observed incidence data.The incidence data calculated from prevalence data also were within the confidence interval of the incidences observed for urinary tract infections and surgical-site infections. (However, it was not possible to convert the data for two of the eight hospitals.)Conclusion:The approximate mathematical relationship between the prevalence and incidence data of nosocomial infection is confirmed by this study. However, although it is theoretically possible, we would not recommend the conversion of prevalence into incidence data or vice versa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document