scholarly journals Results of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections at the Clinic of Digestive System Surgery, CCS, in 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
V. Mioljevic ◽  
B. Jovanovic ◽  
N. Mazic ◽  
I. Palibrk ◽  
M. Milicevic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Digestive System Surgery ◽  
Tract Infections

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infections (NI) are significant medical problem in the countries worldwide. NI significance reflects in higher morbidity and mortality rates, and moreover, NIs add to longer stay and higher treatment costs. Based on data obtained from underdeveloped and developing countries, over 20% of hospitalized patients acquire some of NIs, while that proportion is 5% in developed countries. OBJECTIVE: a) to establish the frequency of noosocomial infections at the Clinic of Digestive System Diseases, b) determine the NI incidence in accord with anatomic localizations, c) evaluate the percentage prevalence of NI causes according to anatomic localizations, and d) review the problem of resistance of NI causative agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of NI incidence was calculated by Center for Diseases and Prevention (CDC) methodology. Sampling, cultivation, isolation, identification and sensitivity tests of cauosative agents to antimicrobial drugs, obtained from patient's material, were carried out by standard microbiological methods in Microbiological laboratory of the Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia. All infections in patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Digestive System Surgery in 2007 were recorded. Data available from medical documentation as well as data obtained from interviews of medical personnel were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence rates of patients with NI ranged from 1.7-3.4 per 1000 hospital days. Out of a total number of recorded nosocomial infections, surgical site infections accounted for 69%, blood infections 23% and urinary tract infections 6.8%. The most frequent causative agents of surgical site infections in the last year were as follows: Pseudomonas spp (19%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp - (18%), Acinetobacter spp. (13%), and Enterococcus spp (8%). Forty percent (40%) of all blood infections verified by laboratory tests in 2007 was caused by coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp (CNS), followed by Acinetobacter spp (18%), Enterococcus spp (11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7%). The most frequent causative agents of urinary infections were: Escherichia coli (35%) and Enterococcus spp (29%). Over 80% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to Methicillin (MRSA) and enterobacteria produced by beta lactamase were recorded (ESBL). CONCLUSION: Enforcement of epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial infections contributes to insight of severity of NI problem, recognition of resistance of causative agents to antibiotics and recommendation of specific preventive measures related to these infections.

scholarly journals Surveillance of some bacterial causative agents of nosocomial infections during the war and peace period

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Suljagic ◽  
Veljko Mirovic ◽  
Branka Tomanovic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Surveillance based on laboratory findings of bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients is an important activity in epidemiologic surveillance of nosocomial infections. It provides the insight into the circulation and management of some causative agents of nosocomial infections in hospitals which facilitates defining of proper measures for the prevention and suppression of nosocomial infections caused by these agents. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare surveillance data collected in Military Medical Academy (MMA) during June 1999 (the period of war) and June 2000 (the period of peace). Isolation frequency of bacteria that were the most common agents of nosocomial: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp., was monitored in patients from 5 various surgical wards of MMA. In the war period, the increase of number of isolates of all these bacteria was registered, but the increase of isolated Acinetobacter spp. was the most significant. The total number of isolates was greater in June 1999 in comparison to June 2000. Most isolates were recovered from wound cultures when the increased number of Enterococcus spp. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the blood was registered. In the period of peace isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa manifested reduced resistance to quinolones, imipenem and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Barrier infection control measures are necessary in preventing nosocomial transmission particularly in the wartime. Thus, preventive medicine is important for performing efficient surveillance, and suggesting the adequate measures for prevention and repression of nosocomial infections, particularly in the period of war.

scholarly journals Nosocomial infections in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Marko Bumbasirevic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Days

Aim. To determine the incidence and the localization of nosocomial infections (NI) in the departments of orthopedics and traumatology. Methods. A prospective cohort study carried out between February 1 and July 31, 2002 included all of the surgical patients who were hospitalized longer than 48 hours, as well as 30 days after the discharge. The patients were examined and their diagnoses made according to the definition of NI, that was based on the clinical and/or laboratory findings. Results. Out of 277 hospitalized patients, 78 had a total of 91 NIs. Sixty seven (85.8%) of the patients had 1 registered NI each, 9 (11.6%) of the patient had 2 NIs each, while only the 2 (2.6%) were with 3 NIs. The incidence of the patients with HAI was 28.2% (95% IP = 22.9-33.5), while the incidence of HAI was 32.8%. The patients who developed a NI were hospitalized almost twice as long as the patients who did not (t test = 6.0, DF = 275, p < 0.001). In regard to the duration of hospitalization, the incidence of NI was 12.3 per 1000 patient-hospital days. The patients operated on most frequently had the surgical-site infections (69.2%). Of 63 infections of the surgical site, 3 patients (4.8%) were diagnosed as having the NI at that localization following the discharge, and then the urinary tract infections, 25.3% (23/91), and sepsis, 5.5% (5/91). Conclusion. Epidemiological surveillance was the first step towards the prevention and the eradication of NI. The results of this study could be of use in planning of the adequate measures for the prevention of NI in the departments of orthopedic surgery.

The Analysis of the Impact of a Mild, Low-iodine, Lotion Soap on the Reduction of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A New Opportunity for Surveillance by Objectives

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Onesko ◽  
Eugene C. Wienke
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Teaching

AbstractA significant unremitting increase in the incidence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a 500-bed acute care community teaching hospital prompted reevaluation of the efficacy of the infection control measures used. A well-accepted, low-iodine, antimicrobial soap was used to replace a liquid natural handsoap in two areas with the highest incidence of MRSA—the intensive care unit, and a medical division.Over a two-year period, an analysis was made of the effect of soap replacement on nosocomial infections and pathogens. Soap changeover occurred at the midpoint of the two-year period. From year to year, the nosocomial MRSA rate decreased 80% (t test, P=0.005). Other pathogens that demonstrated a dramatic decrease included methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), infections where no pathogens were isolated, and various gram-negative infections. Categories of nosocomial infections that decreased included surgical wound infections, primary bacteremias, and respiratory tract infections. The overall nosocomial infection rate of the two combined areas decreased 21.5%, representing a year-to-year savings of $109,500. As a result, the decision was made to install the low-iodine hand-soap permanently at all sinks within the hospital.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
M. Mishyna ◽  
M. Gonchar ◽  
O. Logvinova ◽  
H. Isaieva ◽  
M. Basiuk
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

DISTRIBUTION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN. Mishyna М., Gonchar M., Logvinova O., Isaieva H., Basiuk M. The study aimed to investigate prevalence of microorganisms depending on the site of isolation and disease. The study involved 48 children aged 1 year to 17 years. Acute bronchitis (54, 17%), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (33, 33%), bronchial asthma (12, 50%) were diagnosed. Were isolated 173 strains of microorganisms. Gram-positive microorganisms were detected 106 strains (61, 3%), Gram-negative microorganisms - 49 strains (28, 3%), fungi - 18 strains (10, 4%). We investigated 100 samples from nose (nasal swabs), pharynx (throat swabs) and sputum. In 83 cases were isolated Gram-positive microorganisms, in 36 cases were isolated Gram-negative microorganisms, in 18 cases - fungi. Analysis reviled that Staphylococcus aureus most often isolated from patients with acute bronchitis; Gram-negative microorganisms most often detected from throat swabs, comparing with microorganisms detected from nose swabs and sputum. Keywords: microorganisms, biofilms, respiratory diseases, children.   Анотація ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ЗБУДНИКІВ ІНФЕКЦІЙ ДИХАЛЬНИХ ШЛЯХІВ У ДІТЕЙ. Мішина М.М, Гончарь М. О., Логвінова О.Л., Ісаєва Г.О., Басюк М.А. Метою дослідження було вивчити переважання умовно-патогенних мікроорганізмів, які викликають захворювання органів дихання у дітей, в залежності від місця виділення та захворювання. У дослідженні було 48 дітей у віці від 1 року до 17 років. Пацієнти були з такими діагнозами: гострі бронхіти (54, 17%), негоспітальні пневмонії (33, 33%), бронхіальна астма (12, 50%). Було виділено 173 штама умовно-патогенних мікроорганізмів. Грампозитивних мікроорганізмів було виділено 106 штамів (61, 3%), грамнегативних мікроорганізмів – 49 штамів (28, 3%), грибів – 18 штамів (10, 4%). Було досліджено 100 зразків з зіву, носу, мокротиння. Грампозитивні мікроорганізми були виділені з 83 зразків, грамнегативні – з 36 зразків, гриби – з 18 зразків. Проведене дослідження довело, що Staphylococcus aureus найчастіше виділявся у пацієнтів з гострими бронхітами. Грамнегативні мікроорганізми частіш за все виділялись зі зразків із зіву в порівнянні з мазками з носу та мокротинням. Ключові слова: мікроорганізми, біоплівки, захворювання органів дихання, діти.   Абстракт РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ИНФЕКЦИЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ДЕТЕЙ. Мішина М.М., Гончарь М. О., Логвінова О.Л., Ісаєва Г.О., Басюк М.А. Целью исследования было изучить преобладание условно-патогенныхмикроорганизмов, вызывающих заболевания органов дыхания у детей, в зависимости от места забора материала и заболевания. Исследование включало 48 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет. Пациенты находились с такими заболеваниями: острые бронхиты (54, 17%), внегоспитальные пневмонии (33, 33%), бронхиальная астма (12, 50%). Всего было выделено 173 штамма условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Грамположительных микроорганизмов было выделено 106 штаммов (61, 3%), грамотрицательных микроорганизмов – 49 штаммов (28, 3%), грибов – 18 штаммов (10, 4%). Было исследовано 100 образцов из зева, носа, мокроты. Грамположительные микроорганизмы были выделены из 83 образцов, грамотрицальные – из 36 образцов, грибы – из 18 образцов. В ходе исследования было доказано, что Staphylococcus aureus чаще всего выделялся от пациентов с острыми бронхитами. Грамотрицательные микроорганизмы чаще всего выделялись из мазков из зева по сравнению с мазками из носа и мокротой. Ключевые слова: микроорганизмы, биопленки, заболевания органов дыхания, дети.

scholarly journals A prospective study on risk factors for development of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital: a two years study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Vakamudi Prakash ◽  
Ramalinga Reddy Rachamalli ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Sreeram Satish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Common

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common Nosocomial infections after urinary tract infections accounting to 20-25% of Nosocomial infections worldwide. Based on the depth of the infections, SSI is classified by CDC as superficial incisional, deep incisional and organ/space. The development of SSI is dependent upon multiple factors like class of wound, immune status, type of surgery, type of anesthesia; surgical techniques etc and are interplay of multiple factors. Objective of the present study was conducted in identifying the predictors, risk factors and incidence rates of SSI at a tertiary care hospital. The study also identifies the causative bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patternMethods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of two years by department of general surgery involving all patients who underwent surgery, and pre-operative, intra operative and risk factors of the cases were collected using standardized data collection form. Specimens from the infected wounds were collected and processed for isolation of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens was done using standard guidelines.Results: The incidence of SSI in present study was 25.34% with 81.58% superficial SSI and 18.42% deep SSI. Laparotomy was the common procedure and 63.2% of cases were females and 41-60 years was the most common age group. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the common pathogens and were sensitive to carbapenems, vancomycin and linezolid. Significant association was observed with presence of pre-morbid analysis, presence of drain, use of povidone iodine alone and development of SSI.Conclusions: In present study the incidence of SSI was significantly high in this hospital and associated with premorbid illness, duration of surgery, presence of drain and use of drain at site of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogen and incidence of MRSA is higher than many other reports. A continuous monitoring and surveillance of patients with a predefined protocol will help in early identification of cases with risk of development of SSI. A feedback of appropriate data to surgeons is highly recommended to reduce the SSI rate in developing countries.

scholarly journals Causative agents of neonatal nosocomial infections and their resistance to antibiotics

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Jasna Djurisic ◽  
Tatjana Nikolic ◽  
Ruzdi Ramadani ◽  
Slobodanka Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and methods. A 6-month prospective study was conducted in a NICU. All neonatal hospital infections were registered, and microorganisms were isolated by standard methods. Their susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results. One hundred and fifty-four neonatal nosocomial infections were detected. 87% of all infections were supported by a microbiological diagnosis, and 144 pathogens were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant (80%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp. (47.9%), Pseudomonas spp, (23.6%), Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. (8.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) were the most frequent reported gram-positive bacteria. All microorganisms showed resistance to most of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion. Environmental control around neonatal patients and strict antibiotic policy are important in prevention of nosocomial transmission of resistant bacteria in the NICUs. .

scholarly journals Clinical and Etiological Structure of Nosocomial Infections in Bulgaria for the Period 2011-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Y. Mitova ◽  
S. Angelova ◽  
V. Doicheva ◽  
G. Donkov ◽  
Ts. Mincheva
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Official Information

Abstract Despite their partial diagnosis and registration, nosocomial infections are widespread in Bulgaria and they are of great healthcare, social and economic importance for the society. Statistical processing of official information for the period 2011-2016 shows that the incidence of registered NI among hospitalized patients in Bulgaria is below 1%. In the clinical structure of NI in the above mentioned period, the infections of the surgical site are leading with a prevailing share of 20.67%. S. aureus (19.74%) and E. coli (19.33%) have the highest incidence in the etiological deciphering of infections of the surgical site. Leading etiological agents of lower respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia) in Bulgaria are Acinetobacter spp. (24.12%) and Pseudomonas spp. (20.18%). Urinary tract infections have a relative share of 15.08% in the clinical structure of NI. They are primarily caused by E. coli (28.95%). In bloodstream infection, coagulase-negative staphylococci (S. epidermidis prevailing) are isolated in 30.58% of the cases.

scholarly journals Use of chlorhexidine for the prophylaxis of nosocomial infections in ICU

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bagin ◽  
Vladimir A. Rudnov ◽  
M.N. Astafieva
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Catheter Colonization ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Skin Decontamination ◽  
Tract Infections

This review summarizes published data on the use of chlorhexidine for the prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care units (ICU). The use of a 0.5–2.0% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine is strongly recommended for the surgical site decontamination before surgical intervention or vascular puncture for the prevention of surgical site infections and catheter-associated bloodstream infections. The following measures could be considered: daily skin decontamination with water solution of chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine bathing) in ICU for the prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infection; the use of impregnated with chlorhexidine dressing for the prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infections and catheter colonization; cleaning of the urinary meatus with water solution of chlorhexidine for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. A routine use of chlorhexidine solution for oral care to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia is not reasonable. The risks of contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis and emergence of chlorhexidine-resistant microorganisms should be considered when using chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Role of genus Candida in etiology of nosocomial infections in a multidisciplinary surgical clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
S A Atakishizade
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Nosocomial Sepsis ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pathological Material ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Surgical Clinic

Aim. To establish the role of genus Candida in etiology of nosocomial infections in a multidisciplinary surgical clinic of Azerbaijan Medical University in 2014-2016. Methods. Microbiological study was performed on the pathological material from 41 patients with nosocomial pneumonia, 40 patients with surgical site infections and 46 patients with nosocomial sepsis. Results. Nosocomial infections developing in a multidisciplinary surgical clinic were found to depend on localization of nosocomial infections. In nosocomial pneumonia 24% of all isolated microorgamisms were fungi of genus Candida among which C. albicans was prevailing: 9 of 12 isolated strains of Candida (75%) were identified as C. albicans. In patients with surgical site infections 10.7% of all isolated microorganisms were fungi of the genus Candida among which C. albicans was also prevailing: 4 of 6 isolated strains of Candida (66.7%) were identified as C. albicans. The isolated strains of Candida were sensitive to the studied antifungal medicines (amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketokonazole, nystatin). Conclusion. In nosocomial infection and surgical site infections Candida fungi constituted 10.7-24% of all microorganisms isolated from the patients; the isolated Candida fungi - causative agents of nosocomial infections - were not resistant to antifungal medicines (amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketokonazole, nystatin).

scholarly journals Post-cardiac surgery bacterial contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Aliona Nastas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Septic purulent nosocomial infections (SPNI) are one of the most significant healthcare challenges of post-surgical procedures. SPNI are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and admission costs. It is a priority to determine the level of nosocomial infections (NI). This study aims to evaluate the bacterial contaminations after cardiac surgery within the Department of Acquired Heart Defects (DAHD). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and the medical records of 1189 patients who underwent cardiac surgery within the DAHD of a multiprofile hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected and stored in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: The incidence rate of SPNI following cardiac surgery was 317.57‰ compared to 15.02‰ officially reported (p <0.001). Of the most common infections among the total of 418 cases of SPNI studied, 32.06% were surgical site infections, 23.18% were associations of infections, 19.14% – respiratory tract infections. A patient with SPNI has an average of 22.25 days/bed spent in hospital, compared with the average for a patient without SPNI of 12.27 days/bed. The etiological structure includes 28 species of microorganisms including gram-positive (61.92%) and gram-negative (38.08%). Conclusions: Given the relatively high incidence of the SPNI and its impact, it is imperative to take more serious measures to prevent and control these infections

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