scholarly journals Attitudes and behaviour of women in Kosovo and Metohija relevant for the population policy

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Mirjana Rasevic ◽  
Mina Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The Family ◽  
Policy Measures

A need for extensive investigation of the phenomenon of births in Kosovo and Metohija arises from the fact that our knowledge is almost exclusively based on the population census data (the last census for the whole territory of the province was taken in 1981), vital statistics (reliable data are available for years up to 1989) and two representative surveys (conducted in 1970 and 1976). A more comprehensive insight into fertility and population reproduction is needed in order to formulate population policy measures for which there has been an abject need for some time already. In February 1998, a pilot survey was conducted on the sample of 116 women who had given birth in three different types of maternity wards in Kosovo and Metohija. Despite methodological limitations with regard to the size and manner of the sample selection, its composition was satisfactory in terms of basic social and demographic characteristics as shown by the comparison with vital statistics for 1989 and 1994. This paper discusses behaviour and attitudes expressed by women which are of relevance to the population policy. This should enable an assessment of the elements of receptiveness or its dynamics following application of measures that take into account the needs of women in terms of reproductive behaviour of a certain population. The analysis of the results points to both the dominant role and a process of transformation in the traditional reproductive behaviour and attitudes of women. In terms of value standards and desired situations, a higher level of modification and dissolution of traditional barriers may be observed. However, even in the domain of standards of social value, differences may be observed with regard to the degree of openness to change, which is much more intense in terms of general attitudes than in those closely affecting the lives of those surveyed. This naturally causes certain inconsistencies and the ambivalence in statements given by the women surveyed, which is very characteristic of transitional stage and also inevitably reflects contradictions in behaviour. However, numerous findings point to the formation of positive receptiveness, which is an essential element of the population climate needed for implementation of the family planning programs as well as for designing the population policy measures. On one hand, this would facilitate the satisfaction of current needs and, on the other, especially through further education, accelerate the process of their transformation in the domain of reproductive behaviour and the place of women in society. In other words, as shown by the level of development of needs of the women surveyed, implementation of the family planning program is most urgently required in order to speed up transformation of the economic and psychological cost of parenthood as a social role of women.

The “Real” Marriage Squeeze

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Veevers
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Marriage Squeeze ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Family ◽  
Opposite Sex

Among persons in midlife, about one in five is unmarried. The sex ratio in this group is about 80, which is markedly unbalanced. Although changes in fertility and in mortality are contributing factors, the “real” squeeze is due largely to the ubiquitous norm that husbands should be older than their wives. This mating gradient is the most significant determinant of the competition for mates as it is experienced by older unmarried women compared with older unmarried men. The nature and magnitude of this marriage squeeze are demonstrated using Canadian vital statistics and census data. Age differentials of brides and grooms in all marriages registered in 1981 are used to create “availability indices” that estimate the number of unmarried persons of the opposite sex that are potentially available for every 100 unmarried persons. For men, availability indices are low in the 20s, and they increase with advancing age to about one-to-one in the 50s. For women, access to potential grooms is highest in the 20s and decreases with advancing age until, in the 50s, there are only 50 potential grooms per 100 unmarried women. The implications of unbalanced sex ratios are discussed with reference to changes in marriage and the family. Markedly skewed sex ratios may shift the balance of power between the sexes and produce a demographic reaffirmation of the double standard.

scholarly journals Report on the International Symposium on Quality of Care in China

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Care Experiment

In 1995, China’s State Family Planning Commission (SFPC), the governmental agency charged with developing and implementing China’s population policy, issued an official call for the reorientation of the family planning program from a focus on demographic targets to meeting clients’ needs. In support of this reorientation effort, the SFPC selected six rural counties and five urban districts with comparatively good socioeconomic conditions as pilot sites for a quality-of-care experiment. This report provides a summary of an international symposium on quality of care held in Beijing from November 17–19, 1999. The symposium was sponsored by SFPC with the support of the Ford Foundation as part of the international collaboration on China’s quality-of-care initiative. The purpose of the symposium was threefold: to review the experiences of China’s quality-of-care initiative in the pilot counties and districts to date; to discuss strategies for institutionalizing the quality-of-care approach in the pilot sites; and to discuss expansion and further development of the program throughout China, in keeping with the SFPC’s decision that the quality-of-care experiment should be expanded nationwide.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics of postpartum women on family planning and population policy measures in the Republic of Srpska

Demografija ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Draško Marinković ◽  
Ranka Perić-Romić ◽  
Aleksandra Petrašević ◽  
Vladimir Perendija ◽  
Aleksandar Majić
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic

The study focuses on the socio-demographic analysis of postpartum women's perception of family planning and population policy measures in the Republic of Srpska. The demographic method, the structured analysis and the statistical processing of data obtained from a questionnaire conducted with a representative sample of surveys were performed for the purpose of the research. The main hypothesis is grounded on current tendencies of insufficient number of births, negative birth rates, population aging and the widespread single life in the Republic of Srpska. In this regard, it is essential to reflect on the fertile potential of postpartum women, their model of reproductive behavior and attitude towards family planning and current population policy measures. The analysis of postpartum women's perception confirmed the hypothesis that there was a necessity for additional verification of prenatal population policy measures in the Republic of Srpska as most surveys expressed desire to have more children. The obtained results may be considered valid for adopting policies and recommendations with an aim to conduct prenatal measures within the population policy in the Republic of Srpska.

scholarly journals Family Planning in Pakistan's Third Five Year Plan

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Planning Scheme ◽  
Per Capita

It is commonplace that population growth looms large in the complex of problems associated with economic and social development. This is true in Pakis¬tan as elsewhere and the Third Five Year Plan has faced_up squarely to (his issue. This article will review the population policy contained in the Plan and its support¬ing documents. Our analysis is sometimes critical but never unsympathetic. The planners in Pakistan have recognized the importance of population control and the present Plan devotes considerable resources to this goal. For this they deserve only praise. However, critical analysis of the Family Planning Scheme by interest¬ed but objective observers may still serve a useful purpose. The Plan's basic statement on population deserves to be quoted to start our analysis: The size of population, estimated at 112 million for 1965, is expected to grow at an annual compound rate of about 2.6 per cent during the Perspective Plan (1965-1985). With the planned improvement in health facilities and nutri¬tional standards, the mortality rate is likely to decline fairly rapidly. Unless it is checked by a fall in the fertility rate, the population growth rate could easily be pushed beyond 3 per cent per annum. If this happens, population will double itself by 1985. Such an increase would defeat any attempts to raise per capita incomes by a significant amount. One of the basic assump¬tions of the present projections is that the rate of growth of population will decline after 1975 owing to a decrease in the fertility rate. In other words, it is assumed that declining fertility will more than offset declining mortal¬ity. The population in 1985 is thus projected at 187 million. A vigorous and broadly based programme of family planning is, therefore, an intergral part of the strategy for the Perspective Plan [44, p. 24].

scholarly journals Experiences of Finland related to the pro-natal policy

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Dragana Paunovic
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
First Year ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

In the last 30 years Finland has been more than successful in conserving and promoting the reproductive health. In comparison to the early 70s Finland has managed, with well organized social action which includes easy access to the contraceptive means, developed network of family planning services and obligatory sexual education in schools, to decrease the number of abortions. Other indicators of reproductive health in Finland also show that it is the one of the best in the world. The role of the state in decreasing the costs of parenthood is also very important. That include maternal leave, which both parents are entitled to, maternal money support up to 80 euros per day, and maternal package, which includes clothes and other necessary things for the first year of the newborn. Finland has a long tradition and experience in institutional backgrounds for defining and implementing the pro-natal policy. The governmental institution V?est?liitto has been promoting the planning of the family very successfully for the last 50 years. The main focuses of this organization are: public health, improving the living conditions, welfare of children and improving the financial situation of the families. Therefore, it seems that Finland is a good example for all countries that want to improve their population policy in the area of reproductive health and family planning. .

How Many People Live in China? The Results of the 2020 Population Census

2021 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Elena Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Active Population ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Demographic Indices

The article is devoted to a topical issue — population problem of China and shows a picture of demographic situation and dynamics of demographic indices for the last decades building on new statistical data, which are results of the 2020 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China. These data is a basis for conclusion, that under the influence of changing social and economic conditions and state population policy population reproduction experienced cardinal alterations. The most serious alteration is rapid population ageing as a result of demographic policy since the end of 70’s “one family — one child”. It seems necessary for China to put forward the decision of the CC CPC Political Bureau (May, 2021) about regulation of the population age structure at the expense of the third child in the family. The next decision about elimination of all limits for a number of children in the family is quite up to the mark, because it helps to block population ageing and to increase a share of economically active population by 2035. But now a large number of Chinese families, especially urban families, are not ready to have more than one child by some reasons, for example, growing costs for education of children, obstacles for their careers and other reasons. The authors of the article on the basis of the preliminary data of the 2020 Population Census came to the conclusion, that further success of China’s social and economic development will be connected with solving demographic problems in China in the nearest decade.

scholarly journals Demand Side of Pakistan's Population Welfare Programme

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1125-1137
Author(s):  
M. Naseem Iqbal Farooqui ◽  
Khalid Hameed Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second World

Because of a continuously moderate decline in mortality specially during the first two decades of the twentieth century and more remarkably after the Second World War, the population of developing countries, including Pakistan, grew faster over time. High rates of population growth and the characteristics associated with it constituted a serious challenge to desired economic development in these countries [United Nations (1973)]. It was for these reasons that a number of developing countries in the process of development considered and adopted as part of their development efforts a population policy aimed at reducing the rate of population growth through fertility decline. In the early 1960s, few countries including Pakistan considered family planning programmes as an integral part of their development policies. By the end of 1960, family planning programmes had been initiated in many developing countries and such programmes became an integral part of the national plans [Freedman and Berelson (1976)]. By the mid-1970s, it was observed that many developing countries had succeeded in enhancing their programme activities and in achieving contraceptive use which was responsible for reducing fertility levels in those countries. However in many developing countries, including Pakistan, the family planning programmes could not achieve a breakthrough in contraceptive use and fertility decline although the programmes had been ambitiously pursued there for more than a decade [Frinkle and Crane (1975) and Berelson (1975)].

Hubungan Sikap dan Karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan Keikutsertaan dalam Program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Ainul Mardhiah ◽  
Nova Hasbani Prima Dewi ◽  
Aminy Aminy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of

The family planning program also aims to improve the quality of the family in order to generate a sense of security, peace and hope of a better future in realizing the prosperity of birth and inner happiness. Allegedly the factor causing EFA participation in the family planning program is characteristic. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (PUS) with participation in family planning program at UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District, East Aceh regency 2018. The research design used was analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population of this study is all Pairs Age of Fertile located in Work Area UPT Sungai Raya Public Health Service Center in January to December 2017 which amounted to 1897 people. Sampling using Slovin formula, obtained as many as 95 samples. The study was conducted from 7-17 July 2018 using questionnaires by interview. Statistical test using chi-square test. Result of research indicate that majority of fertile couple couples (PUS) participate in family planning program as much as 67 respondents (70,5%). Statistically there is relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (EFA) with non participation in family planning program in Working Area of UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh Regency 2018 with p value <0,1. It is recommended that the family planning program holders in UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh District to invite cross-sectoral figures to hold meetings to create mini workshop plans at least once a month to increase the participation of the Elderly Age Couple (PUS) in family planning programs. Keyword : Family Planning Program, Attitudes, CharacteristicsABSTRAKProgram KB juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas keluarga agar dapat timbul rasa aman, tentram, dan harapan masa depan yang lebih baik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan lahir dan kebahagiaan batin. Diduga faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakikutsertaan PUS dalam program KB adalah karakteristik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan keikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan bedah lintang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pasangan Usia Subur yang berada di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember tahun 2017 yang berjumlah 1.897 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 95 sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari tanggal 7-17 Juli tahun 2018 menggunakan kuesioner dengan cara wawancara. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) ikut serta dalam program KB yaitu sebanyak 67 responden (70,5%). Secara statistik ada hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan ketidakikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018 dengan p value < 0,1. Sebaiknya pemegang program KB di UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur agar mengajak tokoh lintas sektor agar mengadakan pertemuan untuk membuat rencana loka karya mini setidaknya satu bulan sekali untuk meningkatkan keikutsertaan Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dalam program KB.Kata Kunci : Program KB, Sikap, Karakteristik

Family-Planning Knowledge and Attitude Surveys in Pakistan (Review Article)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Haroon ◽  
Yasmin Azra Jan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Very little of the intense interest and activity in the field of family planning in Pakistan has come up in the form of publications. Since the formation of the Family Planning Association of Pakistan in 1953 and the initiative of the government in promoting a national family-planning programme in its Second Five-Year Plan, relatively few reports have been printed. Most of what has been written in Pakistan about family planning has either been reported at conferences abroad or published in foreign journals, or submitted as graduate dissertations at universities within the country and abroad1. While numerous papers presented at conferences in Pakistan have been given limited circulation in mimeographed form2, much of the preliminary data, emanating from most of the action-research projects in progress, are held up till substantive demographic changes are measured and approaches evaluated accordingly.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

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