The “Real” Marriage Squeeze

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Veevers
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Marriage Squeeze ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Family ◽  
Opposite Sex

Among persons in midlife, about one in five is unmarried. The sex ratio in this group is about 80, which is markedly unbalanced. Although changes in fertility and in mortality are contributing factors, the “real” squeeze is due largely to the ubiquitous norm that husbands should be older than their wives. This mating gradient is the most significant determinant of the competition for mates as it is experienced by older unmarried women compared with older unmarried men. The nature and magnitude of this marriage squeeze are demonstrated using Canadian vital statistics and census data. Age differentials of brides and grooms in all marriages registered in 1981 are used to create “availability indices” that estimate the number of unmarried persons of the opposite sex that are potentially available for every 100 unmarried persons. For men, availability indices are low in the 20s, and they increase with advancing age to about one-to-one in the 50s. For women, access to potential grooms is highest in the 20s and decreases with advancing age until, in the 50s, there are only 50 potential grooms per 100 unmarried women. The implications of unbalanced sex ratios are discussed with reference to changes in marriage and the family. Markedly skewed sex ratios may shift the balance of power between the sexes and produce a demographic reaffirmation of the double standard.

scholarly journals Attitudes and behaviour of women in Kosovo and Metohija relevant for the population policy

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Mirjana Rasevic ◽  
Mina Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The Family ◽  
Policy Measures

A need for extensive investigation of the phenomenon of births in Kosovo and Metohija arises from the fact that our knowledge is almost exclusively based on the population census data (the last census for the whole territory of the province was taken in 1981), vital statistics (reliable data are available for years up to 1989) and two representative surveys (conducted in 1970 and 1976). A more comprehensive insight into fertility and population reproduction is needed in order to formulate population policy measures for which there has been an abject need for some time already. In February 1998, a pilot survey was conducted on the sample of 116 women who had given birth in three different types of maternity wards in Kosovo and Metohija. Despite methodological limitations with regard to the size and manner of the sample selection, its composition was satisfactory in terms of basic social and demographic characteristics as shown by the comparison with vital statistics for 1989 and 1994. This paper discusses behaviour and attitudes expressed by women which are of relevance to the population policy. This should enable an assessment of the elements of receptiveness or its dynamics following application of measures that take into account the needs of women in terms of reproductive behaviour of a certain population. The analysis of the results points to both the dominant role and a process of transformation in the traditional reproductive behaviour and attitudes of women. In terms of value standards and desired situations, a higher level of modification and dissolution of traditional barriers may be observed. However, even in the domain of standards of social value, differences may be observed with regard to the degree of openness to change, which is much more intense in terms of general attitudes than in those closely affecting the lives of those surveyed. This naturally causes certain inconsistencies and the ambivalence in statements given by the women surveyed, which is very characteristic of transitional stage and also inevitably reflects contradictions in behaviour. However, numerous findings point to the formation of positive receptiveness, which is an essential element of the population climate needed for implementation of the family planning programs as well as for designing the population policy measures. On one hand, this would facilitate the satisfaction of current needs and, on the other, especially through further education, accelerate the process of their transformation in the domain of reproductive behaviour and the place of women in society. In other words, as shown by the level of development of needs of the women surveyed, implementation of the family planning program is most urgently required in order to speed up transformation of the economic and psychological cost of parenthood as a social role of women.

The Disruption Of Family In Manju Kapur’s Custody

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-885
Author(s):  
K.P. Bhavatharini ◽  
Ms Dr. Anita Albert
Keyword(s):  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
Law System ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Take Back ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Protagonist ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Aspects

Manju Kapur exposes the disparity and how modernity plays a major role in our society and also the hollowness modern life through her novel Custody. The present paper deals with the key aspects of custody, like extra marital affair, exploration of children and the law system of India. Manju Kapur has published five novels and all her novels dealt with postmodern era, which became sensational in the literary world. She talks about the life of people in Metropolitan cities and how it changes the attitude of theirs and makes them to be victims of modernity through her novel Custody. She manages to disclose the atmosphere which revolves around the family and how it destroys their peace. Here the author portrays how her female protagonist goes to an extent to fulfill her need even breaking her marital relationship with her husband and lack of concern with her children. She portrays the unimaginable incident of broken marriage and illustrates how it causes their children to yearning for their custody from their parents. The children are mentally affected because of the conflict between their egoistic parents to take back their custody only to win the battle not having the real concern over the future of their children. The author manages to create an excellent atmosphere that reveals the various disasters roaming around the family. The future of the children is also hazard. This novel proves that Manju Kapur is a great curator of the modern Indian family.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

Munchausen by Proxy or Polle Syndrome: Which Term Is Correct?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Roy Meadow ◽  
Thomas Lennert
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Family ◽  
Munchausen By Proxy ◽  
Incorrect Information

The terms Munchausen syndrome by proxy and Polle syndrome have both been used to describe the situation in which one person persistently fabricates illness on behalf of another (usually a mother on behalf of her child). However, investigation of the family records of the real life Baron von Munchausen in Germany reveal that Polle syndrome is an inappropriate title originally derived from incorrect information.

On Assurances against the Risk of ‘Invalidity’ or Permanent Inability to Work

1869 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The Real ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inability To Work ◽  
Deferred Annuity

Life Assurance provides for the family of the deceased in case of premature death; deferred Annuities provide for old age; but both institutions leave uncovered the risk of premature inability to work. Invalidity Assurance, including the benefits of a deferred Annuity, would be the real complement to Life Assurance. This truth is so deeply felt in Germany, that a good many institutions, employing a large number of officers, workmen, and labourers; many mills, and particularly the Railway Companies, long since directed their attention to the providing for their officers in case of their being invalided. How were they to calculate the annual contribution, how to make the valuation of their liabilities?

scholarly journals FAMILY COMMUNICATION PORTRAIT IN THE MIDDLE OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN BOGOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Firdanianty Pramono ◽  
Djuara P Lubis ◽  
Herien Puspitawati ◽  
Djoko Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
The Family ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Negative Impacts

The advancement of information and communication technology have a positive and negative impacts on family ties and values. These developments also change the order of family life as the smallest unit in society. Family interaction and communication also change along with social change in society. The purposes of this study are: first, to explore the topics of conversation and interaction of adolescents with their families. Second, to depict four types of communication between adolescents and their families. This study was conducted for 6 months in 6 high schools in Bogor with qualitative methods. Data were obtained through focus group discussion (FGD) in each high school with a total of 12 FGDs. The number of informants involved in the FGD were 60 students aged 15-18 years old. The FGD results show that most of theadolescents shared their personal problems to peers than to parents. The topics presented by adolescents to parents included events at school (lessons, teachers, friends), television shows, ideals, sports, and politics. Some adolescents who had close relationships with parents did not hesitate to share their personal problems and interests of the opposite sex to their parents. Adolescents who had closeness to parents tend to be more open and were able to control their emotions. The findings of this study are expected to provide inputto the family as well as to improve the quality of communication between adolescents and parents.

Social and Environmental Influences on Child Mortality in Brazil: Logistic Regression Analysis of Data from Census Files

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Peter G. Smith ◽  
J. Patrick Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
The Family

SummaryCensus data were used to investigate the influences of socioeconomic and environmental variables on child mortality rates in southern Brazil. By multivariate logistic regression analysis the effects of correlated factors were distinguished, after adjustment for maternal age and parity. Low family income and, to a lesser degree, low employment status of the head of the family were associated with high child mortality levels. Place of residence, education of the mother and of the head of the family, availability of piped water in the home, access to a toilet and type of housing were all associated with childhood mortality variation, even after allowing for the effects of income and employment. The contributions of the source of the water supply and type of sanitation facilities, however, were less clear and tended to become unimportant after controlling for the socioeconomic variables. There was also no apparent advantage in being covered by government health insurance.

scholarly journals The phone walkers: a study of human dependence on inactive mobile devices

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. Schaposnik ◽  
James Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Clear Tendency ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract The development of mobile phones has largely increased human interactions. Whilst the use of these devices for communication has received significant attention, there has been little analysis of more passive interactions. Through census data on casual social groups, this work suggests a clear pattern of mobile phones being carried in people’s hands, without the person using it (that is, not looking at it). Moreover, this study suggests that when individuals join members of the opposite sex there is a clear tendency to stop holding mobile phones whilst walking. Although it is not clear why people hold their phones whilst walking in such large proportions (38% of solitary women, and 31% of solitary men), we highlight several possible explanation for holding the device, including the need to advertise status and affluence, to maintain immediate connection with friends and family, and to mitigate feelings related to anxiety and security.

DEATH RITUAL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1013
Author(s):  
Philippe Aries
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Real ◽  
Death Ritual ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Hospital Team

Death in the hospital is no longer the occasion of ritual ceremony, over which the dying person presides amidst his assembled relatives and friends. Death is a technical phenomenon obtained by a cessation determined in a more or less avowed way by a decision of the doctor and the hospital team. Indeed, in the majority of cases the dying person has already lost consciousness. Death has been dissected, cut to bits by a series of little steps, which finally makes it impossible to know which step was the real death, the one in which consciousness was lost, or the one in which breathing stopped. All these little silent deaths have replaced and erased the great dramatic act of death, and no one any longer has the strength or patience to wait over a period of weeks for a moment which has lost a part of its meaning. From the end of the eighteenth century [there has been] a sentimental landslide . . . causing the initiative to pass from the dying man himself to his family . . . Today the initiative has passed from the family, as much an outside person, to the hospital team. They are the masters of death—of the moment as well as the circumstances of death.

E-Business and Big Data Strategy in Franchising

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Ye-Sho Chen
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
Good Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Real Essence

Franchising has been a popular approach to growing a business. Leveraging big data for growing a franchise business is also getting popular. In this chapter, the authors show that building a good “family” relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee is the real essence of franchising, and big data strategy shall be designed to enhance and advance the “family” relationship. Specifically, the authors discuss the strategy of how to make big data “meaningful” in franchising. Future trends on cyber security and sustainability are also discussed.

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