scholarly journals Gender inequalities from the demographic perspective

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Gender Regimes

The paper analyzes the meaning of the phrase "the woman?s status in the society" that is recognized in demography as an important cultural factor of demographic development and transitional changes. The analysis indicates qualitative shifts in the woman?s status and simultaneously reveals its importance at present, not only in traditional, but also in modern and developed societies. On the other hand, it explains the importance of sex as a biodemographic determinant, and introduces the concept of gender that sheds another light on the concepts of sex and woman?s status in the society and integrates them. Gender regimes that subsume the inferiority of women in public and private social structures are examined from demographic perspective, albeit only in those phenomenological aspects that can be supported by demographic research, theories, and analyses. To this end, the paper analyzes the effects of strengthening gender equalities on the fertility and mortality transitions, the gender?s impact on the population distribution by sex in South Asian countries, and highlights the key role of gender in interpreting certain social and economic structures. It also stresses the establishing of gender equality as an important element of population policies. The global dimension of the patriarchal society is illustrated through a series of examples of demographic phenomena from various societies. Gender regimes underlie all of these phenomena. The paper puts foreword certain theoretical hypotheses about gender inequalities, and finds their connections with demographic behaviors and demographic indicators. Finally, it summarizes the role of demography in gender (in)equality research and the demographic perspective of the way and the speed the demographic equality is being established. Demography is seen as an irreplaceable discipline in examining gender inequalities, especially at the global level. With the advance of qualitative methods in demography and with its multidisciplinary nature, demography gets closer and closer to the field of "woman issues".

The “power of silence”

Focaal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (53) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kościańska
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Gender Regimes

This article looks at various models of women's agency in Poland in the context of religion. Based on fieldwork among members of two feminized religious milieus—a new religious movement the Brahma Kumaris and an informal Catholic fundamentalist group—this article discusses the role of silence in ritual and everyday life as a form of agency. From the perspective of feminist discourse, particularly Western liberal feminism, silence is often interpreted as a lack of power. Drawing on informants' experiences, under Polish gender regimes, particularly as they relate to the organization of public and private spheres, silence is shown to be a fundamental component of agency. The analysis of silence displays the complexity of religious issues in Poland and serves as a critique of assumptions about religious homogeneity and the pervasiveness of religious authority in Poland.

IRAN DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Alexey D. Bragin ◽  
Mehdi Afzali ◽  
Vladimir N. Arkhangelskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Age Of Marriage ◽  
Demographic Policy

The relevance of this article is due to the increasing geopolitical role of Iran as a dominant player in the Middle East being under severe pressure from external sanctions. These conditions make Iran a good example for research on the performance of population policies. Taking into account sanctions, decisions of the country's leadership in the demographic sphere are made under a large burden of responsibility and are based on the idea, that population is the main resource for the further development of the state. This article presents an analysis of the trends in the demographic development of Iran after the Islamic Revolution for the period from 1979 to 2019, as well as considers the current demographic policy of the Government of Iran. There are analyzed a structure of the population by gender, age, ethnic, religious affiliation and features of population distribution in Iran. However, birth and death data testify to a natural population growth in the country, they reveal a tendency for irrational population growth, especially in the first decade after the Islamic revolution. The change in the components of natural growth in Iran is caused by the repeated change in the demographic policy from a sharp increase in the birth rate to its reduction and vice versa. Based on the data from the Statistical Center of Iran, we state that Iranian society is be-coming more and more similar in matters of marriage and divorce to the societies of economically devel-oped countries. The total number of divorces is increasing in the country and the average age of marriage is growing as well. Taking into account current plans of the Iranian leadership to increase the population, both with life expectancy, it is obvious that the problem of aging population will increase in the country and will require additional costs from the state in the nearest future.

scholarly journals Linkages between Population Census and Demographic Statistics Data: Methodological Approaches and Research Opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domantas Jasilionis ◽  
Vlada Stankūnienė ◽  
Dalia Ambrozaitienė ◽  
Olga Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Level Data

Unfavorable general demographic indicators are to a large extent predetermined by a demographic situation in some population groups. Therefore, in order to achieve a more sustainable demographic development at the country level and develop an adequate response from relevant population policies, it is necessary to measure the scale of demographic differentiation and identify population groups at risk. This requires reliable population-level data and innovative methods for measuring demographic differentials. The main aim of this work is to present advantages and capabilities of methodology for development of census-linked databases based on the linkages between census and demographic records. This study provides selected empirical examples and new scientific data on socio-economic and socio-demographic differences in mortality, first divorces, and births in Lithuania. These data can be further used for improving population policies in Lithuania and performing comparative analyses with other countries.

Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
A Sinan Türkyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Low Levels

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies. 

Public and Private Net Savings in Developing Countries: Some Empirical Tests for the Period 1972-88 (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 431-447
Author(s):  
Peter A. Cornelisse ◽  
Elma Van De Mortel
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Financial Issues

The severe shocks that rocked the world economy in the 1970s and the ensuing efforts to adjust and to renew economic growth have had a profound effect on the economic literature. Especially the external and public debt problems which reached critical dimensions in many countries attracted much attention. Thus, in the field of macroeconomics financial issues have gained more prominence over the last two decades. Studies relating to the fiscal deficit have been particularly numerous. The critical size of national public debts, the contribution of the public debt to external debt, the reduced confidence in the state as the guide in socioeconomic development and the role of fiscal policy in adjustment processes are among the main reasons for this increased interest.

The Role of Ideal Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Comprehensive Doctrines

This chapter discusses whether political liberalism’s commitment to ideal theory makes it ill-suited for theorizing about justice for socially subordinated groups such as women and racial minorities. It is shown that political liberalism’s commitment to ideal theory does not entail assuming away race or gender as social categories that give rise to concerns about justice. Even within a politically liberal well-ordered (ideal) society racial or gender inequalities may arise due to the role that beliefs about race or gender play in some persons’ comprehensive doctrines. Furthermore, it is argued that theories of justice developed for a well-ordered politically liberal society provide important guidance for correcting injustices on the basis of gender and race in nonideal societies.

The Right to Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right

Chapter 6 concerns denial of women’s right to life . The new frame of “femicide” has dramatically increased attention to gender-based killing in the public and private sphere, and encompasses a spectrum of threats and assaults that culminate in murder. The chapter follows the threats to women’s security through the life cycle, beginning with cases of “gendercide” (sex-selective abortion and infanticide) in India, then moving to honor killings in Turkey and Pakistan. We examine public femicide in Mexico and Central America—with comparison to the disappearance of indigenous women in Canada, as “second-class citizens” in a developed democracy. The chapter continues mapping the panorama of private sphere domestic violence in the semi-liberal gender regimes of China, Russia, Brazil, and the Philippines, along with a range of responses in law, public policy, advocacy, and protest.

scholarly journals The Role of Place of Delivery in Preventing Neonatal and Infant Mortality Rate in India

Geographies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Das ◽  
Barkha Chaplot ◽  
Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
At Home

Skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery have been advocated for reducing maternal, neonatal mortality and infant mortality (NMR and IMR). This paper examines the role of place of delivery with respect to neo-natal and infant mortality in India using four rounds of the Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–2016. The place of birth has been categorized as “at home” or “public and private institution.” The role of place of delivery on neo-natal and infant mortality was examined by using multivariate hazard regression models adjusted for clus-tering and relevant maternal, socio-economic, pregnancy and new-born characteristics. There were 141,028 deliveries recorded in public institutions and 54,338 in private institutions. The esti-mated neonatal mortality rate in public and private institutions during this period was 27 and 26 per 1000 live births respectively. The study shows that when the mother delivers child at home, the chances of neonatal mortality risks are higher than the mortality among children born at the health facility centers. Regression analysis also indicates that a professionally qualified provider′s antenatal treatment and assistance greatly decreases the risks of neonatal mortality. The results of the study illustrate the importance of the provision of institutional facilities and proper pregnancy in the prevention of neonatal and infant deaths. To improve the quality of care during and imme-diately after delivery in health facilities, particularly in public hospitals and in rural areas, accel-erated strengthening is required.

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, and strain upon the start: enfranchising the medical profession for clinically proximate advocacy of improved healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622110250
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C L Looi ◽  
Stephen Allison ◽  
Stephen R Kisely ◽  
Tarun Bastiampillai
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Health Advocacy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Team Activity

Objective: To discuss and reflect upon the role of medical practitioners, including psychiatrists, as health advocates on behalf of patients, carers and staff. Conclusions: Health advocacy is a key professional competency of medical practitioners, and is part of the RANZCP framework for training and continuing professional development. Since advocacy is often a team activity, there is much that is gained experientially from volunteering and working with other more experienced health advocates within structurally and financially independent (of health systems and governments) representative groups (RANZCP, AMA, unions). Doctors may begin with clinically proximate advocacy for improved healthcare in health systems, across the public and private sectors. Health advocacy requires skill and courage, but can ultimately influence systemic outcomes, sway policy decisions, and improve resource allocation.

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