scholarly journals European cities in post socialist transformation

Sociologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Vera Backovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The City

The aim of the paper is to analyze changes of the city in the process of post socialist transformation. The changes in the political system and economy led to establishment of local authorities and urban economy, witch became main factors of urban development. Much attention is played to commercial property (office space and retail) because their fast development is the most visible change in the post socialist city.

The Monuments to the War Dead in Classical Athens: Form, Contexts, Meanings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
POLLY LOW
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
War Dead ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses one of the best-known instances of classical commemoration: the public funeral and collective burial and commemoration of the Athenian war dead. Its particular aim is to explore the various contexts in which Athenian practice might be understood. How do these monuments fit into the wider picture of Athenian burial and commemoration, in terms of both form and physical location? How do they relate to the political system and ideology of the city that created them? And how might these contexts shape the way in which the monuments were used and understood by contemporary and later viewers?

The Political Psychology of Religion in Plato's Laws

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Pangle
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Political Religion ◽  
The City

This paper explains Plato's conception of the relation between politics and “political religion” (ideology) in a nonliberal participatory republican system. The discussion is in the form of a commentary on the drama of a part of Plato's Laws. The underlying methodological assumption is that Plato presented his political teaching not so much through the speeches as through the drama of the dialogue, and that he held this to be the most appropriate form for political science because in this way political science can most effectively stimulate thought about its subject matter, the psyche involved in social action.Following Plato, we focus first on the psychological needs such a political system generates and attempts to satisfy through civil religion. We then move to a consideration of how political “theology” serves to mediate between science and society, or the philosopher and the city.The essay is intended to contribute to the Montesquieuian project engaging the attention of more and more political theorists: the endeavor to help contemporary political science and psychology escape from the trammeling parochialism of exclusive attention to twentieth century theoretical categories and empirical experiences.

scholarly journals MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTED URBAN UTOPIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. ARTEMEVA ◽  
Anna V. ADONINA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Utopia

The article discusses the role of the social context in the evolution of implemented urban development utopia. The ontological and morphostructural problems of one of the implemented urban development utopias on the example of the city of Togliatti are revealed. It was established that the general plan of the Avtozavodsky district of Tolyatti, which fully met the ideals of the Athenian Charter, came into conflict with the idea of the city as a concentrated environment. It is noted that modern Togliatti is in search of a solution to the problem of the integrity of the urban structure. The conclusion is drawn: overcoming the crisis state of Togliatti lies in the field of generating, including new utopias; integration of existing morphostructures; reinforcing redundant conceptuality of form with contextual content. A new morphological unit is proposed - this is macro frame, which is based on multilevel integration of traffic and pedestrian flows.

scholarly journals Estado subsidiario: límites y proyecciones de la democracia territorial en Chile

2016 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Farías Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
The City ◽  
System Today ◽  
Institutional Process ◽  
State Territory

ResumenLas claves políticas con las que convive la ciudadanía en Chile son expuestasen este documento como un proceso institucional de un profundo espírituconservador: Estado subsidiario, democracia protegida y el gasto socialfocalizado como medio de inversión es lo que caracterizaría la esencia delsistema político hoy. El documento identifica la desigualdad entre los espacioslocales y su relación de dependencia como consecuencia de la administracióndel Estado subsidiario, y su pretensión de desarrollar una fórmula neoliberalpara la satisfacción de necesidades individuales. Esta fórmula cobra relevanciacuando se observa a los espacios locales, dado que la misma lógica opera paraestos, dejando en evidencia que la capacidad de desarrollo de cada comunaestá determinada por sus propios atributos y competitividad, en un contextode mercado desregulado y en ausencia de planificación territorial a escalaregional o metropolitana. Es en este contexto que la democracia local se velimitada por su falta de comprensión de un territorio mayor y de la ciudadcomo un todo, siendo ineficaz para una distribución de poder más profunda.Palabras clave: Estado subsidiario, territorio, democracia, espacio locales.Subsidiary State: limits and projections of theterritorial democracy in ChileAbstractThis document presents the political clues coexisting in Chilean citizenship asan institutional process of deep conservatism: subsidiary State, protected democracyand targeted social spending as a means of investment characterize the essence of the political system today. The document identifies inequalitiesamong areas and their dependence resulting from the subsidiary State administrationand its attempt to develop a neoliberal formula for the satisfactionof individual needs. This formula becomes important when viewed in localareas, since the same logic applies to them, making it clear that the developmentcapacity of each municipality is determined by its own attributes andcompetitiveness in a deregulated market context and in the absence of spatialplanning at regional or metropolitan scale. In this context, local democracy islimited by its lack of compression of a broader territory and the city as a whole,being ineffective for achieving a deeper distribution of powers.Keywords: Subsidiary State, territory, democracy, local space.Estado subsidiário: limites e projeções dademocracia territorial no ChileResumoAs chaves políticas com as quais convive a cidadania no Chile sãoapresentadas neste documento como um processo institucional de umprofundo espirito conservador: Estado subsidiário, democracia protegida egasto social direcionado como meio de investimento é o que caracterizariaa essência do sistema político hoje. O documento identifica a desigualdadeentre os espaços locais e a sua relação de dependência como resultado daadministração do Estado subsidiário, e sua pretensão de desenvolver umafórmula neoliberal para a satisfação das necessidades individuais. Estafórmula torna-se importante quando se observa aos espaços locais, dado quea mesma lógica opera para estes, deixando em evidencia que a capacidadede desenvolvimento de cada município é determinada por seus própriosatributos e competitividade num contexto de mercado desregulamentado ena ausência de planejamento territorial à escala regional ou metropolitana. Éneste contexto que a democracia local é limitada pela sua falta de compressãode um território maior e da cidade como um todo, sendo ineficaz para umadistribuição de poder mais profunda.Palavras-chave: Estado subsidiário, território, democracia, espaço local.

An approach to determine the frequency of bridges in an urban context: The case of European cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-668
Author(s):  
Pedro Plasencia-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
The City

The purpose of this paper is to determine the existence of a possible expected bridge frequency (number of bridges per unit of measurement) in an urban context. To achieve this, a method was developed to calculate the real frequency of crossing points already built over water bodies in inner cities. The method was based on collecting different measurable data of different cities using images from Google Earth. Furthermore, this method was applied to evaluate bridges built in several European cities that have a river. The results show that there is a clear link between the frequency of urban bridges and the width of the river, expressed by a power law function which defines bridge frequency as an inverse function of river width. Also, there is no direct link between the size of the city and the number of crossing points built in the city. Additionally, two new urban development projects on rivers were evaluated by using the defined power law function. Thus, it was concluded that future urban development close to rivers could use this function to decide the number of new crossing points. Furthermore, the ideal distance between consecutive urban bridges has been determined.

scholarly journals Les moulins à farine du Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice à Montréal (1658‑1840) : essai d’analyse économique d’une prérogative du régime seigneurial

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-207
Author(s):  
Corinne Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The City ◽  
Economics And Politics ◽  
Complete Account

Abstract The Sulpician seminary in Paris established a Canadian chapter in Ville-Marie (later Montreal) in 1657; six years later this branch became seigneur for three properties, the seigneuries of Ile de Montréal, Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes to the northwest and Saint-Sulpice to the northeast. The Conquest severed the connection with the founding house, but until the commutation of seigneurial tenure in 1840, the Canadian seminary vigorously maintained its traditional role. While earlier work has explored the seigneurial system in its legal, social and political dimensions, little work has been done on the seigneury as an economic entity, its potential for profit and loss and the manner in which traditional obligations were balanced against financial realities. Though they do not provide a complete account and offer many difficulties for analysis, the carefully preserved records of the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice offer an important look at the financial workings of one aspect of a seigneury. Elsewhere the author has surveyed the wheat economy of Montreal, and the place of the Séminaire in provisioning the city. In this essay, she examines the interplay of economics and politics, of obligations and profitability in the management of the resources of these three properties. The author concludes that the Sulpicians attempted to achieve two objectives simultaneously: the maintenance of status and power within the political system, and the maximization of profit within the economic system. The extensive statistical basis for her conclusions is presented in a series of tables which detail the construction of both water and wind mills, and the duration of their activity; the cash receipts from each; the annual production of the mills; the accounts receivable compared with the actual receipts; the costs of running the mills, and the profitability of the mills as a strictly economic enterprise. The Séminaire invested large amounts in both their wind, and the more expensive water mills; they expected that investment to yield a solid return. Their record of repairs and renovation to existing mills, their concern for fire prevention and their willingness to invest in greater mechanization all point to a commitment to the mills as an economic enterprise. The Séminaire jealously guarded its seigneurial rights over mill sites to the end, but by the 1820s they were prepared to concede to entrepreneurs the risk of operating in an increasingly competitive commercial and industrial climate.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES OF CREATING PUBLIC SPACES: ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH OVERCOMING SOCIAL EXCLUSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
I.V. Khovrak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to systematize the experience of European cities in creating public spaces capable of overcoming social exclusion and ensuring sustainable urban development. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the conceptual approach to the management of the process of creating public spaces in cities in the context of achieving sustainable urban development by overcoming social exclusion. The results of the research show that the creation of public spaces requires attention to the factors influencing the possibilities of overcoming social exclusion (economic, social, institutional). The analysis of the experience of five European cities (Varna, Bulgaria; Viterbo, Italy; Getxo, Spain; Copenhagen, Denmark; Malmo, Sweden) allowed highlighting the features and current trends in the creation of public space in cities. The main provisions of the approach to the management of public spaces in cities by identifying and systematizing: 1) the functions of public spaces: communication, recreational, political, territorial identification, integrating and aesthetic; 2) features of public spaces: openness and accessibility (convenience and ability to use the space for all regardless of age, race, health, affluence, etc.), safety and comfort (physical and psychological comfort, a sense of security in a comfortable and attractive space to use), interaction (the ability to establish contacts and cooperation in heterogeneous groups of users of the space); 3) forms (transformation of existing built-up areas, development of new territories) and tools (organizational and managerial, technical and technological, financial and economic) for creating public spaces. As a result, the study provided an opportunity to develop a mechanism for creating public spaces in the city. Successful implementation of the experience of European cities in Ukraine requires studying the needs of residents and guests of the city, researching existing analogues, identifying the potential of the city to create a public space of a certain type, taking into account risks, understanding the purpose of public space and determining the reasonable cost of projects.

scholarly journals Vilnius archipelago: Performative walks around this performative city

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kasner
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The City ◽  
Cultural Hybrid

Vilnius archipelago: Performative walks around this performative cityThe present study deals with the performative memory of a city, namely modern Vilnius, the capital of the Republic of Lithuania. The difficult past of Vilnius that is shared by other eastern and central European cities and is marked by the bitter legacy of the “city of changed blood” (Pl. “miasto o wymienionej krwi”, a notion introduced by M. Lewicka) has been subjected to a number of changes effected by modernity and dynamic Europeanization at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The confrontation between the past and modernity has resulted in serious social and national problems (e.g. Polish–Lithuanian relations) dating to the early as well as the most recent history of Lithuania and its capital. Having experienced various totalitarian regimes, Vilnius is an interesting example of the redefining of the memory of the space of a city at a time of a changing political system; it is also an example of the establishing of a hierarchy of new values and symbols. Vilnius is also a cultural hybrid resulting from long-lasting transgressions. However, a comprehensive account of its history still remains utopian. Drawing on the #skaitomevilniu (‘We read Vilnius’) project that was carried out in Vilnius in 2016–2017 and which adopted a performative perspective, the author of the present study attempts to describe a city that is constantly becoming. Archipelag Wilno. O performatywnym chodzeniu po performatywnym mieścieNiniejszy artykuł został poświęcony problematyce performatywnej pamięci miasta na przykładzie współczesnego Wilna, stolicy Republiki Litewskiej. Skomplikowana, choć tak charakterystyczna dla miast Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, przeszłość Wilna, naznaczona bolesnym dziedzictwem „miasta o wymienionej krwi” (pojęcie M. Lewickiej), zderzyła się na przełomie XX i XXI wieku z pełną zmian nowoczesnością i pośpieszną europeizacją. Ta konfrontacja stała się źródłem poważnych problemów społecznych i narodowych (w tym relacji polsko-litewskich), których korzenie sięgają zarówno najodleglejszych, jak i nowszych dziejów Litwy i jej stolicy. Wilno jako miasto silnie nacechowane doświadczeniem totalitaryzmów jest ciekawym przykładem ilustrującym proces redefiniowania pamięci przestrzeni miasta w okresie transformacji ustrojowej oraz ustanawiania nowej hierarchii wartości i symboli. Jest także kulturową hybrydą będącą efektem wielowiekowych transgresji, której całościowy opis pozostaje ciągle badawczą utopią. Autorka artykułu podejmuje próbę opisu miasta, które „ciągle się staje”, na przykładzie realizowanego w Wilnie w latach 2016–2017 projektu #skaitomevilniu (pol. Czytamy Wilno) z zastosowaniem perspektywy performatywnej.

scholarly journals Implementasi Fungsi Artikulasi dan Agregasi PKS Kota Bandung pada Pemilu 2019.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olih Solihin
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Political System ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Aggregation Function ◽  
The Political ◽  
Communication Function ◽  
The City

Partai Keadilan Sejahreta (PKS) Kota Bandung mempersiapkan segala strategi untuk menghadapi pemilu 2009. Sebagai partai yang memiliki pendukung yang cukup besar di Kota Bandung, partai ini harus mempu mengimplementasikan fungsi komunikasi politik artikulasi dan agregasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa PKS Kota Bandung belum mengimplementasikan fungsi artikulasi secara optimal, tapi upaya sudah dilakukan dengan cara membuka ruang bersama, diskusi secara bersama dan aktif oleh sistem politik (pemerintah dan parlemen) bersama segmen-segmen warga masyarakat tentu juga berbasis pada popular space invite. PKS Kota Bandung juga telah mengimplementasikan fungsi agregasi melalui kader yang duduk di parlemen.Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) Bandung prepare all the strategies to face the 2009 elections. As a party that has a large enough supporters in the city of Bandung, this party must mempu implement the political communication function of articulation and aggregation. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach.The result of research shows that PKS Bandung City has not yet implemented the articulation function optimally, but the effort has been done by opening the room together, discussion together and active by political system (government and parliament) together segment of citizen of course also based on popular space invite PKS Bandung City has also implemented aggregation function through cadres who sit in parliament.

scholarly journals Crisis, (re-)informalization processes and protest: The case of Barcelona

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pradel-Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City

In response to the economic crisis in Southern European cities, citizens have turned to political unrest. This article analyzes these responses in terms of the return of ‘reciprocity practices’ parallel to forms of informality more commonly seen in cities of the Global South. Citizen self-organization to cover basic needs can be read as a strategy of resistance similar to that identified as quiet encroachment; but to the extent that it is politicized, it also becomes part of the political struggle for rights. Through the case of Barcelona, this article analyzes how social groups are politicizing their survival practices, using the case of sub-Saharan migrants living in abandoned factories in the city. The article’s aim is to show how in the context of weakening citizenship rights, there is a growth of informal practices that become unevenly politicized among different groups.

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