scholarly journals Lyme disease: New knowledge regarding its physiopathology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Jovan Vukadinov ◽  
Sinisa Sevic ◽  
Grozdana Canak ◽  
Nadezda Madle-Samardzija ◽  
Vesna Turkulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
New Guidelines

Introduction Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which manifests as a multisystem disease of the skin nervous system, heart and joints. Recently it is the most common vector-borne disease in Yugoslavia. New epidemiological studies New epidemiological studies revealed that ticks can occasionally be infected not only by Borrelia burgdorferi, but also by some other microbes that can cause diseases in humans. Recently discovered the variable major protein-like sequence, antigenic variation of B. burgdorferi B 31 partly explains the ability of this organism to evade an active immune response. A key role in development of clinical symptoms associated with lyme disease belongs to the connection with ability of B. burgdorferi to induce and activate metallopeptidases and fibrinolytic enzymes, leading to extracellular matrix destruction. Diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is made on the basis of clinical picture, exposure to ticks in endemic areas and serologic confirmation. It seems that polymerase chain reaction has little role in detection of B. burgdorferi in urine, blood, and spinal fluid samples, but it is most useful in evaluating the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of Lyme arthritis. Infectious Diseases Society of America had prepared new guidelines for selective treatment of Lyme disease. Vaccination is still the best way of prevention for people living in high-risk areas.

scholarly journals Arthritis and Diagnostics in Lyme Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Javier A. Quintero ◽  
Raluchukwu Attah ◽  
Reena Khianey ◽  
Eugenio Capitle ◽  
Steven E. Schutzer
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Indirect Measure

The diagnosis of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is clinical but frequently supported by laboratory tests. Lyme arthritis is now less frequently seen than at the time of its discovery. However, it still occurs, and it is important to recognize this, the differential diagnoses, and how laboratory tests can be useful and their limitations. The most frequently used diagnostic tests are antibody based. However, antibody testing still suffers from many drawbacks and is only an indirect measure of exposure. In contrast, evolving direct diagnostic methods can indicate active infection.

scholarly journals Neuroborreliosis – clinical presentation – Current state of knowledge

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krawczuk ◽  
Piotr Czupryna ◽  
Sławomir Pancewicz ◽  
Elżbieta Ołdak ◽  
Monika Król ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Adults And Children

Neuroborreliosis is one of the manifestations of Lyme disease involving central and peripheral nervous system. It is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete which is transmitted by tick bites. Neuroborreliosis can affect both adults and children. The clinical course in children is often different than in adults. The article discusses the most common clinical symptoms, complications, diagnostics and treatment of neuroborreliosis in children.

scholarly journals Isolated Cervical Myelitis in Lyme Disease: A Rare Manifestation of Acute Neuroborreliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Maren Hieber ◽  
Johann Lambeck ◽  
Sebastian Rauer ◽  
Juergen Bardutzky
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestation ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Strong Contrast

Neuroborreliosis is the neurological manifestation of Lyme disease, a tick-borne infectious multi-system disease caused by <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato. It appears in 3 to 15% of all cases of acute Lyme disease, and includes meningitis, cranial neuritis, and painful radiculoneuritis as the most common manifestations. We report a case of acute neuroborreliosis that manifested as extended isolated cervical myelitis. Not only the manifestation as isolated myelitis in the early stages of borreliosis represents a rarity, but also the strong contrast between mild clinical symptoms and pronounced imaging findings in this case is remarkable.

scholarly journals Cryptic and Exposed Invariable Regions of VlsE, the Variable Surface Antigen of Borrelia burgdorferisl

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
Jena M. Nowling ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Antipeptide Antibody

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, possesses a surface protein, VlsE, which undergoes antigenic variation. VlsE contains two invariable domains and a variable one that includes six variable and six invariable regions (IRs). Five of the IRs are conserved among strains and genospecies of B. burgdorferisensu lato. IR6 is conserved, immunodominant, and exposed at the VlsE surface but not at the spirochete surface, as assessed in vitro. In the present study, the remaining conserved IRs (IR2 to IR5) were investigated. Antisera to synthetic peptides based on each of the IR2 to IR5 sequences were produced in rabbits. Antipeptide antibody titers were similarly high in all antisera. Native VlsE was immunoprecipitable with antibodies to IR2, IR4, and IR5 but not to IR3, indicating that the first three sequences were exposed at the VlsE surface. However, negative surface immunofluorescence and in vitro antibody-mediated killing results indicated that none of the IRs were accessible to antibody at the spirochetal surface in vitro.

scholarly journals Lyme disease: The great imitator

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
S. Savic-Jevdjenic ◽  
Z. Grgic ◽  
B. Vidic ◽  
A. Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Seropositive Animal ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Fixation Reaction

Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis can occur in domestic animals and in people, with no characteristic symptoms. That is why Lyme disease is often diagnosed and treated as some other disease. Clinical symptoms of this disease are not specific and they can look like a number of different diseases, which is why the disease is called - the great imitator. The reservoirs of the disease are ticks Ixodes ricinus. During the research from 2005 to 2007 it was established that the prevalence with Lyme borreliosis exists within the tick population. The objective of this paper is a survey of the presence of Lyme disease in different populations of different animal species (horses, cattle, sheep and dogs) in the region where the infection of ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi was established in the percentage of 25-28%. The methods used were the ones for the determination of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks, with a dark field microscopy, and also the presence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi was determinate with a complement fixation reaction, in the blood sera of horses, sheep, cattle and dogs. As the result it was found that the cause of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi is constantly present within the tick population. In examined horses and cattle the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi was not found, while in sheep and dogs, the presence of antibodies was found. Any seropositive animal, and also an infected tick, represents a danger for the human population and also for other animals, which are in the surrounding. Lyme disease is usually not mortal, but it can create a lot of problems leading to the decrease of production in domestic animals or an illness with clinical symptoms in humans, horses and dogs.

scholarly journals Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Arthritis-Susceptible but Not Arthritis-Resistant Mouse Strains following Borrelia burgdorferi Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5208-5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Brown ◽  
Steven L. Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Susceptible Mouse ◽  
Resistant Mouse

ABSTRACT Infection of susceptible mouse strains with Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, results in the development of arthritis. Components of the innate immune system may be important mediators of this pathology. To investigate the potential role of NK cells in development of experimental Lyme arthritis, we examined their activation in vivo in both resistant and susceptible mouse strains. Following inoculation of B. burgdorferi into the footpad, lymph node NK cells from susceptible C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice produced more gamma interferon than NK cells from resistant DBA/2J mice. Lymph node cells from susceptible C3H and AKR mice also had increased ability to lyse YAC-1 target cells 2 days following infection. Antibody depletion of NK cells from susceptible mice, however, did not alter the development of arthritis following B. burgdorferi challenge. In addition, NK cell depletion had little effect on spirochete burden. Thus, there is a marked activation of NK cells in susceptible mouse strains following infection. Although NK cells are not absolutely required for arthritis, events occurring prior to NK cell activation might be important in mediating pathology in experimental Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Whole genome sequence and comparative analysis ofBorrelia burgdorferiMM1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Jabbari ◽  
Gustavo Glusman ◽  
Lena M. Joesch-Cohen ◽  
Panga Jaipal Reddy ◽  
Robert L. Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Main Chromosome

AbstractLyme disease is caused by spirochaetes of theBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato genospecies. Complete genome assemblies are available for fewer than ten strains ofBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto, the primary cause of Lyme disease in North America. MM1 is a sensu stricto strain originally isolated in the midwestern United States. Aside from a small number of genes, the complete genome sequence of this strain has not been reported. Here we present the complete genome sequence of MM1 in relation to other sensu stricto strains and in terms of its Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Our results indicate that MM1 is a new sequence type which contains a conserved main chromosome and 15 plasmids. Our results include the first contiguous 28.5 kb assembly of lp28-8, a linear plasmid carrying thevlsantigenic variation system, from aBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto strain.

Profil pacjenta diagnozowanego w kierunku boreliozy na przykładzie pacjentów szpitala pediatrycznego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w latach 2013-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Badełek-Izdebska ◽  
Małgorzata Dębska ◽  
Lidia Zawadzka-Głos
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University

Introduction. Lyme borreliosis is the most frequent tick-borne disease in Europe and North America. It is a chronic, multi-organ disease, with phasic course. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and serologic findings at the patient bitten by the tick. Aim. Aim of this study was to analyze the recommendations for the tests towards the Lyme disease at patients of the Pediatric Hospital of Medical University of Warsaw. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical data of children hospitalized at the Pediatric Hospital in the period from January 2013 to the end of February 2015, who had performed diagnostic tests for Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Results. In the period from 1st January 2013 to 28th February 2015 tests forantibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi were ordered in 226 patients, including 119 girls and 107 boys. The ELISA test was performed in 219 patients, Western blot test was performed in 25 patients, and the presence of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid was examined in 2 patients. Diagnosed patients presented various symptoms. Patients from the two largest groups reported with articular complaints and heart symptoms. The group of patients diagnosed with fever, headache and facial nerve paralysis was less numerous. A small group of patients had a history of tick bite and presented with erythema. Conclusions. Patients of the Pediatric Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw, who were ordered to perform tests for Lyme disease, presented symptoms from various organs and systems. These symptoms overlap with ailments and symptoms described in people who have been diagnosed with Lyme disease in both the early and late stages of the disease. The serological tests in connection with the medical history and physical examination are an important element in the diagnostics of Lyme disease in children.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of the Borrelia burgdorferi Gene vlsE Involves Cassette-Specific, Segmental Gene Conversion

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3698-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Ren Zhang ◽  
Steven J. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Expression Site

ABSTRACT The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferipossesses 15 silent vls cassettes and a vlsexpression site (vlsE) encoding a surface-exposed lipoprotein. Segments of the silent vls cassettes have been shown to recombine with the vlsE cassette region in the mammalian host, resulting in combinatorial antigenic variation. Despite promiscuous recombination within the vlsE cassette region, the 5′ and 3′ coding sequences of vlsE that flank the cassette region are not subject to sequence variation during these recombination events. The segments of the silent vlscassettes recombine in the vlsE cassette region through a unidirectional process such that the sequence and organization of the silent vls loci are not affected. As a result of recombination, the previously expressed segments are replaced by incoming segments and apparently degraded. These results provide evidence for a gene conversion mechanism in VlsE antigenic variation.

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