scholarly journals The effect of iron oxidation in the groundwater of the alluvial aquifer of the Velika Morava River, Serbia, on the clogging of water supply wells

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Majkic-Dursun ◽  
Andjelka Petkovic ◽  
Milan Dimkic
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Morava River

The oxidation of dissolved iron(II) in groundwater and precipitation on the screens and discharge pipes of water wells that tap shallow alluvial aquifers leads to the formation of well encrustations. Well clogging has a number of adverse impacts reflected in declining production capacity, increasing parasitic drawdown and growing maintenance costs of the water supply source. Chemical clogging rarely occurs as a stand-alone process in the groundwater of shallow alluvial aquifers; it is generally catalyzed by micro-organisms, the role of which is important to explain rapid blocking. This paper presents a calculation of the rate of homogeneous chemical oxidation of iron in wells that tap the alluvial aquifer of the Velika Morava River in Serbia, where there are pronounced iron hydroxide clogging issues. When the dynamic groundwater level drops to such an extent that the pumps need to be shut down, or when the well capacity is very low, the results show that there is enough time for iron encrustation to form. Iron oxidation does not occur solely inside the well; the process tends to extend into a much wider zone, beyond the well.

Desalination leaders in the global market – current trends and future perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga R. Ziolkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Desalination Plants

Since the world's first land-based desalination plant was established in Australia in 1903, brackish groundwater and seawater desalination became a common water supply technology in many countries around the world. Desalination has proven as a reliable technology in times of drought and/or water scarcity, while in some countries it is an indispensable water supply source on a regular basis. This paper compares and evaluates major desalination leaders in the world (USA, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Australia, and China) with the aim of pointing out similarities and differences that made each of them successful. It also depicts a comprehensive picture of developments, trends and experiences in desalination at the global scale. Establishing desalination plants and ensuring their successful operation is a complex and multifaceted process dependent on capital and operational costs, production capacity, water salinity, geographical location, socio-economic and environmental conditions, and many other factors. The country specific comparison presented in this paper emphasizes the importance of regional planning for successful and sustainable desalination processes in the long term.

scholarly journals Clogging of water supply wells in alluvial aquifers by mineral incrustations, central Serbia

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Majkic-Dursun ◽  
Predrag Vulic ◽  
Milan Dimkic
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Low Crystalline

The formation of incrustations on public water supply well screens reduces their performance considerably. The incrustations increase hydraulic losses, reduce the capacity of the well and screen, affect the quality of the pumped water and increase maintenance costs. In alluvial environments, the most common deposits are iron and manganese hydroxides. However, the rates of formation, compositions and levels of crystallization vary, depending on the geochemical characteristics of the alluvial environment, the microbiological characteristics of the groundwater and the abstraction method. Samples of 15 incrustations were collected from wells that tap shallow alluvial aquifers and were found to be dominated by iron. XRD analyses detected low-crystalline ferrihydrite and manganese hydroxide in the samples collected from the water supply source at Trnovce (Velika Morava alluvial). The incrustations from the Belgrade Groundwater Source revealed the presence of ferrihydrite and a substantial amount of goethite ?-FeOOH. Apart from goethite, greigite (Fe3S4) was detected in three samples, while one sample additionally contained bernalite Fe(OH)3 and monoclinic sulfur S8. Among carbonates, only siderite was detected. Iron oxidizing bacteria generally catalyze deposition processes in wells, while sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) play a role in the biogenic formation of greigite. Determining the nature of the deposited material allows better selection of rehabilitation chemicals and procedure.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Coastal Aquifer of Stromboli Volcanic Island (Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Paolo Madonia ◽  
Gloria Campilongo ◽  
Marianna Cangemi ◽  
Maria Luisa Carapezza ◽  
Salvatore Inguaggiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Thin Lens ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Potential Use

Although groundwater is a strategic source in volcanic islands, most hydrogeochemical research on this topic has been focused on volcanic activity monitoring, overlooking general hydrogeological aspects. The same applies to one of the most studied volcanoes in the world, Stromboli Island (Italy). Here, we provide a hydrogeological scheme of its coastal aquifer, retrieving inferences about its potential use as a water supply source and for optimizing monitoring protocols for volcanic surveillance. Starting from the hydrogeochemical literature background, we analyzed new data, acquired both for volcano monitoring purposes and during specific surveys. Among these, there were saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements of selected rock samples and precise determinations of water table elevations based on GNSS surveys of wells. We identified a ubiquitous thin lens of brackish water floating on seawater and composed of a variable mixing of marine and meteoric components; inlets of hydrothermal fluids to the aquifer are basically gases, mainly CO2. Based on its hydrogeochemical character, the coastal aquifer of Stromboli could be used as a water supply source after desalinization by reverse osmosis, while the wells located far from the seashore are the most interesting for volcano monitoring, because they are less disturbed by the shallow geochemical noise.

scholarly journals Multi-Water Source Joint Scheduling Model Using a Refined Water Supply Network: Case Study of Tianjin

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanghong Zhang ◽  
Jiasheng Yang ◽  
Zhongyu Wan ◽  
Yujun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Water Resource Allocation ◽  
Regional Water

Water shortage problems are increasing in many water-deficient areas. Most of the current research on multi-source combined water supplies depends on an overall generalization of regional water supply systems, which are seldom broken down into the detail required to address specific research objectives. This paper proposes the concept of a water treatment and distribution station (water station), and generalizes the water supply system into three modules: water supply source, water station, and water user. Based on a topological diagram of the water network (supply source–station–user), a refined water resource allocation model was established. The model results can display, in detail, the water supply source, water supply quantity, water distribution engineering, and other information of all users in each water distribution area. This makes it possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the supply and demand of users, and to provide suggestions and theoretical guidance for regional water distribution implementation. Tianjin’s water resource allocation was selected as a case study, and a water resource allocation scheme for a multi-source, combined water supply, was simulated and discussed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Anversa ◽  
Regina Célia Arantes Stancari ◽  
Maricene Garbelotti ◽  
Luciana da Silva Ruiz ◽  
Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Water is indispensable for life and its quality is directly related to public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public water supply in municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses were carried out at the Adolfo Lutz Institute between February and December 2016, and included physicochemical (chlorine, pH, color, turbidity and nitrate), and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and Escherichia coli), as well as P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility tests to antimicrobial agents and biofilm production capacity by the strains isolated. In total, 251 water samples were evaluated and 19 (7.6%) presented P. aeruginosa. No significant differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters found in the positive and negative samples for this bacterium, but the samples containing total coliforms were also those with the highest positivity for P. aeruginosa. All samples with P. aeruginosa reported chlorine concentrations between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/L, as required by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating this bacterium's resistance to conventional water treatment processes. Although not resistant to the antimicrobials tested, most strains isolated were classified as strong biofilm producers, emphasizing the need for further studies involving water supply quality.

scholarly journals Strontium isotope geochemistry of alluvial groundwater: a tracer for groundwater resources characterisation

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Négrel ◽  
E. Petelet-Giraud ◽  
D. Widory
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers

Abstract. This study presents strontium isotope and major ion data of shallow groundwater and river water from the Ile du Chambon catchment, located on the Allier river in the Massif Central (France). There are large variations in the major-element contents in the surface- and groundwater. Plotting of Na vs. Cl contents and Ca, Mg, NO3, K, SO4, HCO3, Sr concentrations reflect water–rock interaction (carbonate dissolution for Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Sr because the bedrock contains marly limestones), agricultural input (farming and fertilising) and sewage effluents (for NO3, K, SO4), although some water samples are unpolluted. Sr contents and isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr vary from 0.70892 to 0.71180 along the hydrological cycle) in the groundwater agree with previous work on groundwater in alluvial aquifers in the Loire catchment. The data plot along three directions in a 87Sr/86Sr v. 1/Sr diagram as a result of mixing, involving at least three geochemical signatures–Allier river water, and two distinct signatures that might be related to different water-rock interactions in the catchment. Mixing proportions are calculated and discussed. The alluvial aquifer of the Ile du Chambon catchment is considered, within the Sr isotope systematic, in a larger scheme that includes several alluvial aquifers of the Loire Allier catchment. Keywords: : Loire river, major and trace elements, Sr isotopic ratio, alluvial aquifer, hydrology

The Development of Rural Water Supply in the Province of Fayoum, Egypt

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman Abu Hamed ◽  
A. M. H. Sannen
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Year 2000

The paper provides a case study of rural water supply in Fayoum. First, the present state-of-affairs is described and analyzed with respect to production, consumption and coverage. A water balance is drawn up and the projected trends up to the year 2000 are indicated. Nearly full coverage has been achieved already but still more than 50% of the population is served by public standposts. Considerable demand for house connections is apparent. Based on the present trend it is expected that by the year 2000, 75% of the population could be served by private connections, provided sufficient production capacity becomes available. Secondly, the focus is on organization and finance with special attention to cost recovery. Estimates for present billing efficiency and the Unaccounted For Water (UFW) percentages are provided. With the perceived trend in the growth of house connections and decline of public taps there is ample potential to reduce UFW, provided an efficient billing and fee collection system is introduced and leakage is controlled. With the reduction of UFW by “technical” measures half of the cost recovery target can be achieved. The other half has to come from tariff increases. Experience is drawn from the Netherlands-supported Fayoum Drinking Water and Sanitation Project (FADWS) which started in 1990.

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