Desalination leaders in the global market – current trends and future perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga R. Ziolkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Desalination Plants

Since the world's first land-based desalination plant was established in Australia in 1903, brackish groundwater and seawater desalination became a common water supply technology in many countries around the world. Desalination has proven as a reliable technology in times of drought and/or water scarcity, while in some countries it is an indispensable water supply source on a regular basis. This paper compares and evaluates major desalination leaders in the world (USA, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Australia, and China) with the aim of pointing out similarities and differences that made each of them successful. It also depicts a comprehensive picture of developments, trends and experiences in desalination at the global scale. Establishing desalination plants and ensuring their successful operation is a complex and multifaceted process dependent on capital and operational costs, production capacity, water salinity, geographical location, socio-economic and environmental conditions, and many other factors. The country specific comparison presented in this paper emphasizes the importance of regional planning for successful and sustainable desalination processes in the long term.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Coastal Aquifer of Stromboli Volcanic Island (Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Paolo Madonia ◽  
Gloria Campilongo ◽  
Marianna Cangemi ◽  
Maria Luisa Carapezza ◽  
Salvatore Inguaggiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Thin Lens ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Potential Use

Although groundwater is a strategic source in volcanic islands, most hydrogeochemical research on this topic has been focused on volcanic activity monitoring, overlooking general hydrogeological aspects. The same applies to one of the most studied volcanoes in the world, Stromboli Island (Italy). Here, we provide a hydrogeological scheme of its coastal aquifer, retrieving inferences about its potential use as a water supply source and for optimizing monitoring protocols for volcanic surveillance. Starting from the hydrogeochemical literature background, we analyzed new data, acquired both for volcano monitoring purposes and during specific surveys. Among these, there were saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements of selected rock samples and precise determinations of water table elevations based on GNSS surveys of wells. We identified a ubiquitous thin lens of brackish water floating on seawater and composed of a variable mixing of marine and meteoric components; inlets of hydrothermal fluids to the aquifer are basically gases, mainly CO2. Based on its hydrogeochemical character, the coastal aquifer of Stromboli could be used as a water supply source after desalinization by reverse osmosis, while the wells located far from the seashore are the most interesting for volcano monitoring, because they are less disturbed by the shallow geochemical noise.

‘Not a trend. It’s a tradition’: Remaking Pacific identity and culture at London Pacific Fashion Week 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceridwen Spark ◽  
Tait Brimacombe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Design ◽  
Cultural Connections

In recent years, the recognition of creative industries such as art, design, media and fashion has thrust these sectors into the spotlight as valuable tools for economic development and integration into global markets. By establishing themselves as creative hotspots, developing countries grow small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and promote creative entrepreneurs who are involved in transforming culture. While an emphasis on incorporating ‘culture’ into design might also be seen as stultifying or essentializing culture, stakeholders working in the region consistently emphasize the significance of incorporating local cultures into their creations. In this article, we draw on interviews with Pacific designers and fashion festival organizers to demonstrate the range of ways in which ‘culture’ is woven into the story of Pacific fashion. In doing so, we highlight the ways in which participants are ‘remaking’ cultural identity and expression by ‘spinning it into something new’, keeping cultural connections alive and personal for those involved in these industries, while also allowing makers to situate their brand or product in the global market. Furthermore, we suggest that involvement in the world of fashion on a global scale represents an opportunity for participants to explore more inclusive and diverse versions of Pacific identity than those sanctioned or imagined outside the world of fashion.

scholarly journals SUN-LB6 Characterization of PCOS Among Flo App Users Around the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Galic ◽  
Dannielle Brown ◽  
Olivia Ruth Negris ◽  
Liudmila Zhaunova ◽  
Anna Klepchukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder associated with menstrual irregularity and androgen excess. The worldwide prevalence of PCOS among women of reproductive age ranges from 5-20%. Mobile menstrual cycle apps, such as Flo, provide an opportunity to gather data on the characteristics of PCOS in a globally representative and medically unbiased population. The objective of this study was to report PCOS symptomatology relative to country in order to better characterize PCOS and its differing phenotypes among users around the world. A questionnaire on PCOS related symptoms and previous PCOS diagnosis was available to Flo users during one month (2019). The geographical location of the user was estimated based on the IP address. Study inclusion criteria included women aged 18-44 years seeking to track their cycle or to conceive, who were not pregnant, on active contraception, or in stabilization mode after pregnancy and had Flo app running in English. All users in the study had agreed to the use of their de-identified and aggregated data for research purposes.The highest number of Flo app users who completed the PCOS questionnaire were coming from the following top 5 countries: United States (US) (n=240,732), United Kingdom (UK) (n=67,696), India (n=40,171), the Philippines (n=35,097), and Australia (n=28,946). The percentage of self-reported PCOS in these countries was 14.4% with higher percentages in India, the Philippines, and Australia (22.6%, 20.0%, 15.9, respectively) and lower in the US and UK (12.2% and 13.71%, respectively). In the US, UK, and Australia, the most common self-reported symptoms of PCOS positive women were bloating, hirsutism, and irregular cycles. In India and the Philippines, the most common symptoms of women with PCOS were bloating, baldness, and irregular cycles. Hirsutism, high glucose and high levels of both cholesterol and glucose are the three top symptoms increasing the probability of PCOS in all studied countries. The percentage of self-reported PCOS increases 3.04 times among users that reported hirsutism compared to all users that positively responded to the PCOS self-assessment question. Probability of PCOS among users that report hirsutism increases 3.85 times for Australia and 4.24 times for India. Australia and India had higher percentages of self-reported PCOS among those who reported experiencing nearly all PCOS related symptoms. Using Flo’s software, we are able to determine that geographic location has an effect on the phenotypic presentation of PCOS. Understanding the distribution of PCOS symptomology around the world will help to better characterize PCOS and improve diagnosis and treatment on both an individual and global scale.

scholarly journals Transport infrastructure of Spain as a factor in tourism development

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-440
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Hrushka ◽  
Nataliya A. Horozhankina ◽  
Zoya V. Boyko ◽  
Maxim V. Korneyev ◽  
Natalia A. Nebaba
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Administrative Units

This article considers features of functioning of a modern transport network. Transport is an important area of infrastructure supply for the population and the state economy, the key function of which is the movement of people and goods. The current transport complex is subject to contradictory trends: as an infrastructure industry, transport is located in a position dependent on the production of social goods, and as a special sector of the economy, transport has an important impact on the regional location of production capacity and participates in the process of reproduction part of the system of economic relations. The importance of transport infrastructure in the economy, its development and operating conditions are difficult to overestimate. After all, it is the basis of the supporting framework of territorial social systems of any level. On the current state, level and opportunities for the development of the transport infrastructure depends not only the social and economic growth of territorial economic systems, but also their spatial development. Tourism plays a significant role in the development of transport infrastructure. Europe is one of the most attractive regions for tourists in the world. In turn, Spain is one of the most popular destinations for tourists from around the world as well as for European tourists. Spain plays an important role in tourist traffic in Europe. This is facilitated by its efficient transport and geographical location, developed production infrastructure, as well as historical aspects. Spain is a key country of transit by air and sea with the Americas. The flat terrain promotes the development of road and rail passenger transport across the centre of the country. And given the attractiveness to tourists and direction of tourist flows to the regions of the country, the study of geographical features of transport infrastructure is quite relevant. The peculiarities of the functioning and formation of the transport infrastructure of Spain are considered. The geographical features of the development of the infrastructure of railway, road and sea and air transport of Spain are analyzed. As for the terminals in the regions of Spain, their number also corresponds to the number of airports. Therefore, the largest number of terminals is in the Canary Islands – 9 (all airports have one terminal, except Lanzarote). There are 8 terminals in the airports of Andalusia, where all airports except Malaga have one terminal, in Malaga there are three. The two Madrid airports have 6 terminals, but 5 of them are located at the country's main airport – Madrid-Barajas. Catalonia's airports have 5 terminals, two of which are located in Barcelona El Prat. There are 4 terminals in Galicia – one each in Vigo and La Coruna and two in Santiago de Compostela. There are 4 terminals in Galicia – one each in Vigo and La Coruna and two in Santiago de Compostela. In all other regions, the number of terminals is proportional to the number of airports. An assessment of the level of development of transport infrastructure for tourism in the regions of Spain was conducted. On the basis of quantitative indicators of the analysis of the transport infrastructure of Spain, a point assessment of the level of development of the transport infrastructure of the country’s regions for the needs of tourism was carried out. Administrative units are divided into 5 groups: with the highest, high, sufficient, medium and low level of development of transport infrastructure for tourism. Transport infrastructure is most developed in the tourist regions of the country – Catalonia, Andalusia, Madrid, the Canary and Balearic Islands.

scholarly journals The effect of iron oxidation in the groundwater of the alluvial aquifer of the Velika Morava River, Serbia, on the clogging of water supply wells

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Majkic-Dursun ◽  
Andjelka Petkovic ◽  
Milan Dimkic
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Morava River

The oxidation of dissolved iron(II) in groundwater and precipitation on the screens and discharge pipes of water wells that tap shallow alluvial aquifers leads to the formation of well encrustations. Well clogging has a number of adverse impacts reflected in declining production capacity, increasing parasitic drawdown and growing maintenance costs of the water supply source. Chemical clogging rarely occurs as a stand-alone process in the groundwater of shallow alluvial aquifers; it is generally catalyzed by micro-organisms, the role of which is important to explain rapid blocking. This paper presents a calculation of the rate of homogeneous chemical oxidation of iron in wells that tap the alluvial aquifer of the Velika Morava River in Serbia, where there are pronounced iron hydroxide clogging issues. When the dynamic groundwater level drops to such an extent that the pumps need to be shut down, or when the well capacity is very low, the results show that there is enough time for iron encrustation to form. Iron oxidation does not occur solely inside the well; the process tends to extend into a much wider zone, beyond the well.

scholarly journals FORECASTS DESIGN FOR MANAGEMENT OF TRAVEL&TOURISM INDUSTRY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MITIGATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horiunova ◽  
Viktoriia Kiptenko
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Current Economic Situation

Restrictions on transportation between countries because of the lockdown caused by COVID-19 have slowed down economic activity worldwide. Therefore, in this paper we examine and estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global market situation in terms of the international tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic situation of the world tourism sector, which suffered the most because of the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the main tourist flows (inbound and outbound tourism) and identify main tourism trends that characterize travel and tourism in world in 2020, to form practical directions for improving the tourism industry, domestic tourism in particular. The dynamics of the international tourists’ destinations with complete/partial closure of borders and other restrictions through the region in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. The major trends in the tourism sector during the corona crisis are highlighted. The main practical directions for the resuscitation of the tourism industry have been formed, which will have to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have created a basis for increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism. It is determined that support for the development of the tourism industry at the central and local levels should be based on the expected preferences of tourists and the risk of using illegal resorts with the possibility of infection. The article examines the main problems of the tourism sphere of Ukraine, which have arisen as a result of the introduction of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. Using the experience of other countries and international recommendations, measures for intersectoral cooperation in the context of increased epidemic risks are proposed. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of increased epidemic risks. Modern tendencies of functioning of the tourist sphere of the country are investigated. The tourism sector is suffering on a global scale due to the implementation of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of further development of the situation. According to various scenarios, the volume of international tourist arrivals is expected to fall by 58-78% in 2020 compared to the previous year. According to experts, the recovery of demand to the level of 2019 will take at least two years. According to experts, the sphere of tourist services of the corona crisis period will be characterized by giving consumers priority in terms of: choice of shorter rest periods, predominance of individual movement and individual accommodation, choice of health, sea and rural tourism.

Turkey’s foreign policy in perspective: Some regional and national interests

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Gekkaya Funda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Transit Route ◽  
And Control

The formation of external policy of any country aims at serving the state’s interests. For this matter, many countries seek their way through this by taking into account the potential prospects available to them. The fundamental subtleties and factors that influence a state’s choices of external policy include geographical location, history, security, culture, trade, political ideology, military might, et cetera. Countries often make external contacts based on some regulations and response to unfolding events. Thus, external policy to an extent pertains to the guiding principles outlined to be pursued through state values, decisions and actions taken by the states themselves and their attempt to develop, manage and control the external relations of national societies. In this regard, the Caucasian region has been an important factor in Turkey’s foreign policy. Since these states emerged in the early 1990s, energy has taken a center stage within the region, while Turkey remains a transit route to the world...

Competitiveness in the era of global digitalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Business ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Antitrust Policy ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The World

In the context of digitalization in the world, competition is intensifying, lead-ing to a significant transformation of international business and a change in the development strategies of global digital platforms in the global market. The article analyzes and summarizes the prevailing approaches to competition and antitrust policy in the context of the “platformization” of the world economy and its impact on international economic dynamics.

Impact of Globalisation on Pandemics: A comparative study on SARS and Covid-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Johann And Devika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

BACKGROUND Since November 2019, Covid - 19 has spread across the globe costing people their lives and countries their economic stability. The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades owing to globalisation and such pandemics as the Covid -19 are cons of that. This paper attempts to gain deeper understanding into the correlation between globalisation and pandemics. It is a descriptive analysis on how one of the factors that was responsible for the spread of this virus on a global scale is globalisation. OBJECTIVE - To understand the close relationship that globalisation and pandemics share. - To understand the scale of the spread of viruses on a global scale though a comparison between SARS and Covid -19. - To understand the sale of globalisation present during SARS and Covid - 19. METHODS A descriptive qualitative comparative analysis was used throughout this research. RESULTS Globalisation does play a significant role in the spread of pandemics on a global level. CONCLUSIONS - SARS and Covid - 19 were varied in terms of severity and spread. - The scale of globalisation was different during the time of SARS and Covid - 19. - Globalisation can be the reason for the faster spread in Pandemics.

scholarly journals From the Infection to the Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: Can We Stop the Natural Course of the Disease?

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Daniela Luvero ◽  
Salvatore Lopez ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
Roberto Angioli
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20–39 years. Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Three HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern chemotherapy and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in immunotherapy as a strategy to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the HPV vaccine and immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.

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