scholarly journals One sententional model with the prepositional accusativ AS proleptic subject

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Ivana Antonic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

The topic of this paper is a model of two-predicate sentence in which with the matrix predication, which makes the so-called sentential-transitive verb, there appears accusative with the preposition ZA (for) and the complement clause with the conjunction DA (that). On the basis of such formal structure, it represents a sentence with two objects - one non-propositional object in the form of the prepositional accusative - indirect type and the other propositional object, sententially formalized. Conducted analysis showed that this is a specific sentential model which could be viewed at several relevant levels: at the syntactic, syntactic-semantic, semantic and pragmatic level, because only that way one can view all its features. It turned out that the status of complement clause was not problematic - it is a propositional-sentential object, obligatorily postponed both to the basic predication and to the prepositional accusative, but the prepositional accusative, though placed in the matrix sentence, is not in the direct correlation with its predication, so it is not its object, but has the function of PROLEPTIC SUBJECT of the complement clause (in the periphrasis test, the prepositional accusative is turned into nominative and is placed inside the complement clause), and semantically it is a pseudoagent: the bearer of the feature expressed in the predicate of the complement clause whose referent most frequently has the feature ?alive? ?human?, but can also be abstract. Therefore, the verbs which appear in the matrix predication are the verbs of simple, obligatorily propositional-sentential transitivity which in addition also belong to specific semantic classes: it is the case with the verbs of cognition: primarily the basic verb of having knowledge znati (know) and the verbs of acquiring knowledge saznati, doznati (get to know); the verbs of a different degree of certainty about the factual situation: the verb garantovati (guarantee) and the copulative-adjectival structure biti siguran (be certain), biti ubedjen (be assured) and the verbs verovati (believe), misliti (think); then the verb of fictitious cognition uobrazavati (imagine); the verbs of speaking pricati (talk) and, used in that meaning, the verbs cuti (hear), citati (read), then kazati (say), suskati ?speak quietly? (whisper), sumnjati (doubt), nagadjati (suspect); and at the end the verbs of fear: brinuti se ?fear? (worry), bojati se (fear), pribojavati se (have fears), plasiti se (fear), strepeti (fear for), strahovati (be apprehensive). Since with these verbs the complement proposition acquires various features when it comes to factivity, this sentential model is analyzed from that perspective, too. Finally, the paper also discusses the frequency of negative / positive characterization of the referent of the proleptic subject.

scholarly journals The problems of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian

2008 ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Ruselina Nicolova
Keyword(s):  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multifactor Analysis

The investigation of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian is a multifactor analysis, which has to take into account the following issues: a) the lexical meaning of the main predicate, which determines the meaning of the complement in general; b) the grammatical meanings of the main predicate - person (a special role plays the opposition between the speaker and the other participants in communication), number, tense, mood, evidentiality affirmativity or negation; c) the functions of the linking words - complementizers, particles, interrogatives, relatives; d) the meaning of the complement and its related presuppositions or implications (if any), its modality, its illocutionary force, its formal structure, its syntactic position in the complex sentence; e) the combinatorial potential of the matrix sentence and the complement in both aspects - semantic and formal.

Continuum Modeling for Repetitive Lattice Structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed K. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analytic Expressions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constitutive Matrix ◽  
The Continuum

The status and some recent developments of continuum modeling for repetitive lattice structures are summarized. Discussion focuses on a number of aspects including definition of an effective substitute continuum; characterization of the continuum model; and the different approaches for generating the properties of the continuum, namely, the constitutive matrix, the matrix of mass densities, and the matrix of thermal coefficients. Also, a simple approach is presented for generating the analytic expressions and/or numerical values of the continuum properties. Sample numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the continuum modeling approach. Future directions of research on continuum modeling are identified. These include needed extensions and applications of continuum modeling as well as computational strategies and modeling techniques.

Some thoughts on agentivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
The Status

The term ‘agentive’ is a familiar one in current discussions of the syntax of English (and other languages). Although most who use it seem, at first glance, to be referring to more or less the same semantic feature, the term is employed in a variety of ways. For instance, Fillmore (1968: 24) talks of an ‘agentive case’; Gruber (1967: 943) has ‘agentive verbs’; Lyons and others speak of ‘agentive nouns’; while Halliday (1967: 196), although he does not use the term ‘agentive’, distinguishes a feature of clauses which is clearly related to the notion of agentivity. Apart from this disagreement as to what, precisely, the term ‘agentive’ is to be predicated of, there is a further divergence of opinion over which nouns (or verbs, etc.) are to be considered agentive. For instance, Lyons marks the surface subject of see as agentive (1968: 387). Fillmore, on the other hand, assigns this to the dative case, and Gruber classifies see as a non-agentive verb. Again, Lyons and Halliday take up what are in effect incompatible positions with regard to the status of the prisoners in John marched the prisoners. In view of this indeterminacy, it seems worthwhile to attempt a critical examination of the notion of agentivity, in the hope that a clearer characterization of it might emerge.

TEM characterization of reaction zone in a SiC fiber-reinforced titanium alloy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
G. Das ◽  
R. E. Omlor
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Sic Fibers ◽  
Sic Fiber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Immense Potential

Fiber reinforced titanium alloys hold immense potential for applications in the aerospace industry. However, chemical reaction between the fibers and the titanium alloys at fabrication temperatures leads to the formation of brittle reaction products which limits their development. In the present study, coated SiC fibers have been used to evaluate the effects of surface coating on the reaction zone in the SiC/IMI829 system.IMI829 (Ti-5.5A1-3.5Sn-3.0Zr-0.3Mo-1Nb-0.3Si), a near alpha alloy, in the form of PREP powder (-35 mesh), was used a茸 the matrix. CVD grown AVCO SCS-6 SiC fibers were used as discontinuous reinforcements. These fibers of 142μm diameter contained an overlayer with high Si/C ratio on top of an amorphous carbon layer, the thickness of the coating being ∽ 1μm. SCS-6 fibers, broken into ∽ 2mm lengths, were mixed with IMI829 powder (representing < 0.1vol%) and the mixture was consolidated by HIP'ing at 871°C/0. 28GPa/4h.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

Pembobotan Berdasarkan Tingkat Kesamaan Semantik pada Metode Fuzzy Semi-Supervised Co-Clustering untuk Pengelompokkan Dokumen Teks

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Galang Amanda Dwi P. ◽  
Gregorius Edwadr ◽  
Agus Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Document Similarity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Membership Value ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Nowadays, a large number of information can not be reached by the reader because of the misclassification of text-based documents. The misclassified data can also make the readers obtain the wrong information. The method which is proposed by this paper is aiming to classify the documents into the correct group.  Each document will have a membership value in several different classes. The method will be used to find the degree of similarity between the two documents is the semantic similarity. In fact, there is no document that doesn’t have a relationship with the other but their relationship might be close to 0. This method calculates the similarity between two documents by taking into account the level of similarity of words and their synonyms. After all inter-document similarity values obtained, a matrix will be created. The matrix is then used as a semi-supervised factor. The output of this method is the value of the membership of each document, which must be one of the greatest membership value for each document which indicates where the documents are grouped. Classification result computed by the method shows a good value which is 90 %. Index Terms - Fuzzy co-clustering, Heuristic, Semantica Similiarity, Semi-supervised learning.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

Practical Necessity and Moral Heroism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Fruh
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Exemplars ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Necessity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Illuminating Light

Discussions of closely associated notions of practical necessity, volitional necessity, and moral incapacity have profited from a focus on cases of agential crisis to further our understanding of how features of an agent’s character might bind her. This paper turns to agents in crises in order to connect this way of being bound to the phenomenon of moral heroism. The connection is fruitful in both directions. Importing practical necessity into examinations of moral heroism can explain the special sense of bindingness moral heroes frequently express while preserving the status of heroic acts as supererogatory. It also helps explain how heroes persevere and act as so few others do. On the other hand, the context of moral heroism allows a fuller development of some features of the concept of practical necessity, shedding more illuminating light on the roots of practical necessity in character through recent findings in the psychology of moral exemplars.

On Presumption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Change ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Status ◽  
Difficult Situations

Some of the most difficult decisions in law and ordinary life are simplified by the use of some kind of presumption. Accused criminals are presumed to be innocent, and most of the time, legislative acts are presumed to be constitutional. And when people do not know what to do, they often adopt a presumption of some kind—for example, sticking with the status quo, or perhaps in favor of making a specific change. In countless domains, presumptions help people to extricate themselves from difficult situations. They can serve as a way of breaking an initial symmetrical situation by using a supposition not fully justified, yet not quite rash either—favoring one action over the other.

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