Continuum Modeling for Repetitive Lattice Structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed K. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analytic Expressions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constitutive Matrix ◽  
The Continuum

The status and some recent developments of continuum modeling for repetitive lattice structures are summarized. Discussion focuses on a number of aspects including definition of an effective substitute continuum; characterization of the continuum model; and the different approaches for generating the properties of the continuum, namely, the constitutive matrix, the matrix of mass densities, and the matrix of thermal coefficients. Also, a simple approach is presented for generating the analytic expressions and/or numerical values of the continuum properties. Sample numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the continuum modeling approach. Future directions of research on continuum modeling are identified. These include needed extensions and applications of continuum modeling as well as computational strategies and modeling techniques.

scholarly journals An Inconvenient Mirror: Do we already have the next Mental Health Act?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
David Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Draft Bill ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects

<p>The Government intends to replace the Mental Health Act 1983, and the most recent of its proposals were contained in the Draft Mental Health Bill published in June 2004.</p><p>The 1983 Act is now very different to the statute introduced at the end of 1982. Parliament and the courts have made a number of significant changes over the last 20-odd years, and they have brought us a lot closer to the next Mental Health Act than many people – and possibly even the Government – suppose. In fact, those changes may have brought us rather close to the Draft Mental Health Bill. That will be an uncomfortable thought for many people.</p><p>This paper will consider five key aspects of the Draft Mental Health Bill:</p><p>• the provisions dealing with risk and treatability;</p><p>• the notion of compulsion in the community;</p><p>• the status of the Code of Practice; and</p><p>• the abolition of the Approved Social Worker.</p><p>The paper will ask whether, because of the changes of the last two decades, the current Mental Health Act has already arrived at much the same point. In addition, the paper will consider the position of incapable patients. Although the Draft Bill contains precious few proposals about them, the paper will ask whether recent developments have made a broad definition of mental disorder all but essential.</p>

Brain death: understanding the organism as a whole

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-515
Author(s):  
J. Bonelli ◽  
E.H. Prat ◽  
N. Auner ◽  
R. Bonelli
Keyword(s):  
Dead Body ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Living Being

Since intensive care medicine enables us to maintain blood circulation and respiration artificially for some time, the usual criteria for death, such as cardiac arrest and cessation of respiration, are not applicable in all cases. Thus, the irreversible breakdown of the brain functions have come to be accepted as the most prominent factor for the occurence of death. This criterion is linked primarily to the disintegration of the organism as a whole. Yet the controversy surrounding the moment when a man can be declared dead or alive has not yet been resolved. The decisive weak point in this controversial discussion seems to be that the notion of the “organism as a whole” is inadequately defined. The aim of this study is to fill this void. Thus, at a first approximation, a rough definition of the “organism as a whole” is given. In a second step we turn to examine the empirical evidence related to the question of whether this attribute is possessed or not by a human body with an irreparably damaged brain. For the characterization of life and death, as related to our question, it is important to distingnish between derivated biological life (isolatedly living cells or organs, cell cultures, heart-lung-compound) and a living being. For this distinction the criteria of completion, indivisibility, auto-finality and identity have been considered. If these are missing a living being does not exist. Then a man is no longer a living man, he is dead. In brain-dead body one finds a number of signs of life such as heartbeat, metabolism, growth of cells, regeneration an so forth. These signs of life, however, are not signs of an organsim as a whole but signs of a physiological combination of organs whose parts - directed from the outside - are dependent on each other. The brain-dead body lacks, however, the four criteria of a living being. Thus it is no longer a living man. It is a purely derivated biological life. If we regard the brain-dead body indirectly by considering the status of the brain itself and its functions we can say that the brain is the constitutive foundation (the guarantor) for the identity and completion of an individual as a whole. With the loss of the brain this wholeness is lost. The man is dead.

scholarly journals New developments in reaction theory: preparing for the FRIB era

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Nunes ◽  
P.C. Capel ◽  
Ch. Elster ◽  
L. Hlophe ◽  
Jin Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Faddeev Equations ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Reaction Theory ◽  
R Process ◽  
The Continuum

This is a brief report on the progress made towards an exact theory for (d,p) on heavy nuclei, which is important to determine neutron capture rates for r-process nuclei. We first discuss the role of core excitation in the framework of Faddeev equations. Following that, we provide the status of the Faddeev theory being developed in the Coulomb basis with separable interactions. We then present some recent developments on nonlocal nucleon optical potentials. Finally, the progress on the theory transfer to the continuum is summarized.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Useful MALDI Matrices for the Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Lipids

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Leopold ◽  
Yulia Popkova ◽  
Kathrin Engel ◽  
Jürgen Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ionization Methods

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is one of the most successful “soft” ionization methods in the field of mass spectrometry and enables the analysis of a broad range of molecules, including lipids. Although the details of the ionization process are still unknown, the importance of the matrix is commonly accepted. Both, the development of and the search for useful matrices was, and still is, an empirical process, since properties like vacuum stability, high absorption at the laser wavelength, etc. have to be fulfilled by a compound to become a useful matrix. This review provides a survey of successfully used MALDI matrices for the lipid analyses of complex biological samples. The advantages and drawbacks of the established organic matrix molecules (cinnamic or benzoic acid derivatives), liquid crystalline matrices, and mixtures of common matrices will be discussed. Furthermore, we will deal with nanocrystalline matrices, which are most suitable to analyze small molecules, such as free fatty acids. It will be shown that the analysis of mixtures and the quantitative analysis of small molecules can be easily performed if the matrix is carefully selected. Finally, some basic principles of how useful matrix compounds can be “designed” de novo will be introduced.

Standardized characterization procedures: a necessary support to regulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Spinosa
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Sustainable procedures for sludge/biosolids management require the development of strategies to reduce the amount of sludge to be handled and to produce higher quality biosolids. Therefore, realistic and enforceable regulations adapted to local situations must be developed, defined outlet procedures established and good quality products guaranteed. To this end, the definition of standardized characterization procedures and guidelines for good practices becomes a necessary support to regulations. To contribute to the development of the EU directives dealing with sludge, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) has established Technical Committee 308 (TC 308) whose scope is the standardization of methods for sludge characterization and the production of guidelines of good practice. In this paper, the most recent developments of the CEN/TC 308 work for the chemical, biological and physical characterization of sludge/biosolids are discussed in relation to the main different treatment and outlet options.

In situ characterization of metals at extremes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Browning ◽  
G. H. Campbell ◽  
J. A. Hawreliak ◽  
M. A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Radiation Conditions ◽  
Temperature Strain

The fundamental processes taking place in metals under extreme conditions can occur on ultrafast timescales (i.e., nanoseconds to picoseconds), and yet their result can continue to have a significant impact on the structural properties for many years to follow. The challenge in developing in situ methods for characterization under extreme conditions therefore involves both the modification of the instrumentation to implement the high-temperature, strain, and radiation conditions and the definition of the timescale over which the measurement must be made. While techniques are well established for characterization of the long-term effects of extreme conditions, experiments are only just beginning to probe the initial stages of structural evolution. This article reviews recent developments in optical, x-ray, and electron probes of metals under extreme conditions and also discusses the needs for future experiments and potential pathways to achieving these goals.

scholarly journals One sententional model with the prepositional accusativ AS proleptic subject

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Ivana Antonic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

The topic of this paper is a model of two-predicate sentence in which with the matrix predication, which makes the so-called sentential-transitive verb, there appears accusative with the preposition ZA (for) and the complement clause with the conjunction DA (that). On the basis of such formal structure, it represents a sentence with two objects - one non-propositional object in the form of the prepositional accusative - indirect type and the other propositional object, sententially formalized. Conducted analysis showed that this is a specific sentential model which could be viewed at several relevant levels: at the syntactic, syntactic-semantic, semantic and pragmatic level, because only that way one can view all its features. It turned out that the status of complement clause was not problematic - it is a propositional-sentential object, obligatorily postponed both to the basic predication and to the prepositional accusative, but the prepositional accusative, though placed in the matrix sentence, is not in the direct correlation with its predication, so it is not its object, but has the function of PROLEPTIC SUBJECT of the complement clause (in the periphrasis test, the prepositional accusative is turned into nominative and is placed inside the complement clause), and semantically it is a pseudoagent: the bearer of the feature expressed in the predicate of the complement clause whose referent most frequently has the feature ?alive? ?human?, but can also be abstract. Therefore, the verbs which appear in the matrix predication are the verbs of simple, obligatorily propositional-sentential transitivity which in addition also belong to specific semantic classes: it is the case with the verbs of cognition: primarily the basic verb of having knowledge znati (know) and the verbs of acquiring knowledge saznati, doznati (get to know); the verbs of a different degree of certainty about the factual situation: the verb garantovati (guarantee) and the copulative-adjectival structure biti siguran (be certain), biti ubedjen (be assured) and the verbs verovati (believe), misliti (think); then the verb of fictitious cognition uobrazavati (imagine); the verbs of speaking pricati (talk) and, used in that meaning, the verbs cuti (hear), citati (read), then kazati (say), suskati ?speak quietly? (whisper), sumnjati (doubt), nagadjati (suspect); and at the end the verbs of fear: brinuti se ?fear? (worry), bojati se (fear), pribojavati se (have fears), plasiti se (fear), strepeti (fear for), strahovati (be apprehensive). Since with these verbs the complement proposition acquires various features when it comes to factivity, this sentential model is analyzed from that perspective, too. Finally, the paper also discusses the frequency of negative / positive characterization of the referent of the proleptic subject.

TEM - characterization of precipitates in Al-Zn5-Mgl

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
H.P. Degischer ◽  
W. Lacom
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Relationship ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Cubic Lattices ◽  
Tem Characterization ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Various techniques of TEM are described to investigate precipitates in metals, which reach dimensions from a few nm to more than 100 nm. The examples presented here are characterized by strong interactions of the lattice structures of the inclusions and the matrix, therefore replica techniques are not applicable (an example of that is presented in [1]] because the metastable phases might change.Selected area diffraction of regions of about 100 nm give well defined diffraction patterns of the phases present in that part of the specimen. Generally the diagram corresponding to a single precipitate cannot be obtained, but in contrast to microdiffraction techniques sharp diffraction spots can be measured. The orientation relationship between the inclusions and the matrix can be studied best, if the beam direction coincides with the main cristallographic zone axis, i.e. in cubic lattices: <001>, <112>, <111>, <011>. At these poles the patterns are highly symmetric, especially because of doublediffraction, but the diagram can be constructed to unfold the coinciding patterns.

scholarly journals Heliodorus’ Reading of Lucian’s Toxaris

Mnemosyne ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tagliabue
Keyword(s):  
Main Character ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

This article demonstrates that Cnemon’s story in Heliodorus’ Aethiopica intertexts with the novella of Deinias in Lucian’s Toxaris. The closeness of three textual parallels, along with a subtle use of characters’ names, proves that Heliodorus is deliberately recalling Toxaris. The focus of this intertextuality is Chariclea, the courtesan of Deinias’ story. This immoral figure is a striking counterpart to the lustful Demaenete, the main character of Cnemon’s story and the first immoral lover of the Aethiopica. At the same time, the evocation by Heliodorus of a lustful woman who has the same name as the protagonist Chariclea, paradoxically enriches the characterization of the latter as chaste. Furthermore, this subtle evocation of Chariclea seems to have metaliterary implications as well. In the Aethiopica Chariclea stands for the entire novel: Heliodorus appears to define the nature of his text in opposition to Lucian’s Toxaris and to the different kind of fiction it represents. Heliodorus’ definition of his own novel by means of establishing a contrast with other texts is an important function of his intertextuality with Imperial literature and possibly sheds new light on the status of ancient fiction as a whole.

scholarly journals A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Approach for the Design of a Qualitative Methodology in Science Educational Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110606
Author(s):  
Carme Grimalt-Álvaro ◽  
Jaume Ametller
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historical Activity ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
Definition Of

Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was conceived and has been developed as an interventionist proposal and mostly as an analytical tool. The aim of this paper is to explore the connections between ontological and epistemological considerations underpinning CHAT and concrete research methodological decisions. We discuss how considerations of the philosophical basis of CHAT and more recent developments in philosophy can offer specific guidance to methodological decisions by exploring an example of research about using technology to teach in secondary science education. The explicit definition of the ontological character of activity, the status of the concept of transformation, or considering points of entry as an epistemological device suggest a possible logic to define data-gathering methods which could be generalised to other areas of CHAT research. We also discuss complementary frameworks, in particular the concept of identity, to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of the activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document