scholarly journals Investigation of pretertiary and tertiary surface sediments from Serbia: Organic geochemical interpretation

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Branimir Jovancicevic ◽  
Aleksandar Sainovic ◽  
Olga Cvetkovic ◽  
Ivan Filipovic ◽  
Petar Asanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Bulk Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Limiting Value

Samples of surface sediments originating from different localities in Serbia which contained more than 0.5 % organic matter were investigated in this paper. According to age, these samples were classified into two groups sediments of pretertiary age and sediments of tertiary age. Bulk and specific organic geochemical parameters were determined for their methylene chloride-methanol extracts, aimed at controling the relationship between the age of the sediment and the maturity of its organic substance. In this sense a general direct proportionality was observed. However, a better linear dependence of the bulk parameters was observed in the case of younger, tertiary sediments. That is to say, with samples of pretertiary age the organic matter maturity was approaching a definite limiting value contributing to an inferior linear dependence of their bulk maturation parameters. Nevertheless, the dependence was found to be preserved with specific maturation parameters (e.g., CPI; Fit/n-C18), the changes of which are generally more intensive at higher maturity degrees.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Serbian surface sediment maturation parameters based on factor analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Sainovic ◽  
Ksenija Stojanovic ◽  
Ivan Filipovic ◽  
Olga Cvetkovic ◽  
Branimir Jovancicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The factor analysis, used in this work for the interpretation of maturation parameters observed in an exploration study of a group of surface sediments of diverse age originating from different localities in Serbia, resulted in two significant factors. Factor 1 involved parameters related mainly to maturation changes within the aliphatic chains of the organic matter and factor 2 involved parameters based mainly on changes in the terpane and sterane rings. A statistically significant inversely proportional linear dependence between factors 1 and 2 was observed with older, in contrast to younger sediments, suggesting that the reactions of the aliphatic chains in the older sediments did not occur simultaneously with the reactions in the rings and, also, that the older surface sediments examined in this study may be characterized by a degree of thermal maturity corresponding to changes in the biomarker sterane and terpane rings, while the younger sediments by intensive changes in the aliphatic chains.

scholarly journals Composition of Sedimentary Organic Matter across the Laptev Sea Shelf: Evidences from Rock-Eval Parameters and Molecular Indicators

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Elena Gershelis ◽  
Andrey Grinko ◽  
Irina Oberemok ◽  
Elizaveta Klevantseva ◽  
Natalina Poltavskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Nearshore Sediments ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
Sedimentation Regime ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Global warming in high latitudes causes destabilization of vulnerable permafrost deposits followed by massive thaw-release of organic carbon. Permafrost-derived carbon may be buried in the nearshore sediments, transported towards the deeper basins or degraded into the greenhouse gases, potentially initiating a positive feedback to climate change. In the present study, we aim to identify the sources, distribution and degradation state of organic matter (OM) stored in the surface sediments of the Laptev Sea (LS), which receives a large input of terrestrial carbon from both Lena River discharge and intense coastal erosion. We applied a suite of geochemical indicators including the Rock Eval parameters, traditionally used for the matured OM characterization, and terrestrial lipid biomarkers. In addition, we analyzed a comprehensive grain size data in order to assess hydrodynamic sedimentation regime across the LS shelf. Rock-Eval (RE) data characterize LS sedimentary OM with generally low hydrogen index (100–200 mg HC/g TOC) and oxygen index (200 and 300 CO2/g TOC) both increasing off to the continental slope. According to Tpeak values, there is a clear regional distinction between two groups (369–401 °C for the inner and mid shelf; 451–464 °C for the outer shelf). We suggest that permafrost-derived OM is traced across the shallow and mid depths with high Tpeak and slightly elevated HI values if compared to other Arctic continental margins. Molecular-based degradation indicators show a trend to more degraded terrestrial OC with increasing distance from the coast corroborating with RE results. However, we observed much less variation of the degradation markers down to the deeper sampling horizons, which supports the notion that the most active OM degradation in LS land-shelf system takes part during the cross-shelf transport, not while getting buried deeper.

scholarly journals Effective source rock selection and oil–source correlation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-415
Author(s):  
He Bi ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Jing-Jing Fan ◽  
Xiao-Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oil Source

AbstractThis study considers the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Yaojia Formation, and the first member of the Nenjiang Formation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin. Dark mudstone with high abundances of organic matter of Gulong and Qijia sags are considered to be significant source rocks in the study area. To evaluate their development characteristics, differences and effectiveness, geochemical parameters are analyzed. One-dimensional basin modeling and hydrocarbon evolution are also applied to discuss the effectiveness of source rocks. Through the biomarker characteristics, the source–source, oil–oil, and oil–source correlations are assessed and the sources of crude oils in different rock units are determined. Based on the results, Gulong and Qijia source rocks have different organic matter primarily detrived from mixed sources and plankton, respectively. Gulong source rock has higher thermal evolution degree than Qijia source rock. The biomarker parameters of the source rocks are compared with 31 crude oil samples. The studied crude oils can be divided into two groups. The oil–source correlations show that group I oils from Qing II–III, Yao I, and Yao II–III members were probably derived from Gulong source rock and that only group II oils from Nen I member were derived from Qijia source rock.

scholarly journals A new diatom training set for the reconstruction of past water pH in the Tatra Mountain lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Sienkiewicz ◽  
Michał Gąsiorowski ◽  
Ladislav Hamerlík ◽  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Joanna Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Inferred Ph ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLakes located in the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatra Mountains were included in the Tatra diatom database (POL_SLOV training set). The relationship between the diatoms and the water chemistry in the surface sediments of 33 lakes was the basis for the statistical and numerical techniques for quantitative pH reconstruction. The reconstruction of the past water pH was performed using the alpine (AL:PE) and POL_SLOV training sets to compare the reliability of the databases for the Tatra lakes. The results showed that the POL_SLOV training set had better statistical parameters (R2 higher by 0.16, RMSE and max. bias lower by 0.2 and 0.36, respectively) compared to the AL:PE training set. The better performance of the POL_SLOV training set is particularly visible in the case of Przedni Staw Polski where the curve of the inferred water pH shows an opposite trend for the period from the 1960s to 1990 compared to that based on the AL:PE dataset. The reliability of the inferred pH was confirmed by the comparison with current instrumental measurements.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

scholarly journals Linking patterns of freshwater discharge and sources of organic matter within the Río de la Plata estuary and adjacent marshes

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Bergamino ◽  
Mark Schuerch ◽  
Adriana Tudurí ◽  
Silvina Carretero ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Matter Transport

We investigated carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) v. carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratios for surface sediments throughout a large estuarine system (Río de la Plata, RdlP), combined with sediment cores from adjacent marshes to infer main carbon sources. We also evaluated the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and associated high freshwater-discharge events on the organic-matter transport within the estuary. The isotopic pattern in surface sediments of the RdlP showed the upper reaches to be influenced by riverine particulate matter (δ13C range: –24 to –26‰). Similarly, in the sediment cores from marshes of the upper reaches, δ13C values decreased from –24‰ in ancient sediments to –28‰ in recent sediments, reflecting an increased contribution of organic matter from land, including C3 plants and freshwater phytoplankton, during the past 50 years. However, the lower reaches represent a depositional environment of marine algae (δ13C range: –21 to –23‰), with no influence of detritus from adjacent marshes, indicating minor erosion of the marshes in the lower reaches operating as carbon-sink habitats. Our isotopic analysis showed that the transport and deposition of terrigenous organic matter within the RdlP and adjacent marsh habitat appear to be both temporally and spatially linked to hydrology patterns.

The use of faecal nitrogen as an index for estimating the consumption of herbage by grazing animals

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
M. L. Dudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Regression Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Data from thirty-five digestibility trials with sheep in metabolism cages were used to investigate statistically the relationships between organic matter intake (I), faecal organic matter output (F), and the nitrogen concentration in faecal organic matter (N).The data fell easily into groups due to botanical or seasonal differences in the feed. These groups of data were homogeneous and provided highly significant linear equations of the forms I = bF + cFN and I = a + cFN. When compared these groups of data sometimes showed differences in slope, position or both. A quadratic expressionI = bF + cFN + dFN2was found to accommodate a majority of the data but to be less precise than I = a + cFN.A further expression incorporating N as an independent variable was also examined,I = a + cFN2 + eN.This expression, although far from being universally adequate, proved to be generally better than existing formulae. When applied to the data of Greenhalgh et. al. (1960), it substantially reduced heterogeneity between data for spring and data for summer pastures.Causes of variation in the relationship between organic-matter intake and nitrogen in faeces, and some of the hazards of extrapolation from empirical regression relations, are discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of organic matter in surface sediments of the eastern continental margin of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1484-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Krishna ◽  
S. A. Naidu ◽  
Ch. V. Subbaiah ◽  
V. V. S. S. Sarma ◽  
N. P. C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Surface Sediments
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