scholarly journals Linking patterns of freshwater discharge and sources of organic matter within the Río de la Plata estuary and adjacent marshes

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Bergamino ◽  
Mark Schuerch ◽  
Adriana Tudurí ◽  
Silvina Carretero ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez

We investigated carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) v. carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratios for surface sediments throughout a large estuarine system (Río de la Plata, RdlP), combined with sediment cores from adjacent marshes to infer main carbon sources. We also evaluated the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and associated high freshwater-discharge events on the organic-matter transport within the estuary. The isotopic pattern in surface sediments of the RdlP showed the upper reaches to be influenced by riverine particulate matter (δ13C range: –24 to –26‰). Similarly, in the sediment cores from marshes of the upper reaches, δ13C values decreased from –24‰ in ancient sediments to –28‰ in recent sediments, reflecting an increased contribution of organic matter from land, including C3 plants and freshwater phytoplankton, during the past 50 years. However, the lower reaches represent a depositional environment of marine algae (δ13C range: –21 to –23‰), with no influence of detritus from adjacent marshes, indicating minor erosion of the marshes in the lower reaches operating as carbon-sink habitats. Our isotopic analysis showed that the transport and deposition of terrigenous organic matter within the RdlP and adjacent marsh habitat appear to be both temporally and spatially linked to hydrology patterns.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Santoro ◽  
Mónica Fossati ◽  
Pablo Tassi ◽  
Nicolas Huybrechts ◽  
Damien Pham Van Bang ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
Laura Perez ◽  
Ernesto Brugnoli ◽  
Pablo Muniz ◽  
Inés Sunesen ◽  
Eugenia A. Sar ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
P. Muniz ◽  
N. Venturini

The macrobenthic subtidal community was studied between April 1997 and April 1998 in Montevideo bay, an urban estuary located in the fluvio marine system of the Río de la Plata (Uruguay) that receives a variety of industrial and sewage inputs. Monthly surveys were carried out at ten sampling stations where sediment samples were taken with a manual corer and analysed for granulometric parameters, organic matter content, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments content, redox potential, and macrobenthic fauna. The area presented high organic matter content in its sediments and several regions of the bottom were anoxic during a large part of the sampling period. The benthic macrofauna was dominated, both in numbers as well as in biomass, by the small surface deposit-feeder gastropod Heleobia cf. australis. Cluster analysis, Multidimensional Scaling and Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that the study area could be divided in two well-defined regions with different environmental characteristics and different faunal composition. The dissolved oxygen content in the bottom water and variables related to it were the most important factors in explaining the patterns of the benthic communities. At the phylum level, the meta-analysis of “production” showed a high disturbance status for all stations. The inner region, the most affected by anthropogenic activities, was the most compromised environmentally and biologically, and was characterised by a very low diversity and abundance, reduced conditions in the sediments and low oxygenated bottom water. In more external places of the bay, on the other hand, perhaps due to their location at a greater distance from the sources of organic material and in a region with higher hydrodynamic energy, the conditions for the development of benthic fauna were more favourable. Spatial and temporal faunistic patterns observed and their possible causes are analysed and discussed in relation to the natural and anthropogenic factors that act in this coastal ecosystem. Comunidades macrobentónicas en un estuario urbano templado de alta dominancia y baja diversidad: Bahía de Montevideo (Uruguay) Una comunidad macrobentónica submareal fue estudiada entre abril de 1997 y abril de 1998 en la Bahía de Montevideo, un estuario urbano localizado en el sistema marino fluvial del Río de la Plata (Uruguay) que recibe una variedad de descargas industriales y de alcantarillado. Se llevaron a cabo muestreos mensuales en diez estaciones donde se tomaron muestras de sedimento utilizando un nucleador y a estas les fueron analizadas los parámetros granulométricos, el contenido de materia orgánica, el contenido de clorofila a y de feopigmentos, potencial redox y fauna macrobentónica. El área presentó un alto contenido de materia orgánica en sus sedimentos y muchas regiones del fondo mostraron ser anóxicas durante una gran parte del mismo período. La fauna macrobentónica fue dominada en número y biomasa por los pequeños gasterópodosHeleobia cf. australis. Los análisis de conglomerados, de escala multidimensional y de correspondencia canónica revelaron que el área de estudio podría ser dividida en dos regiones bien definidas con diferentes características ambientales y composiciones faunísticas diferentes. El contenido de oxígeno disuelto en agua de fondo y las variables realcionadas con ella fueron los factores más importatntes en explicar los patrones de las comunidades bentónicas. Al nivel phylum, los meta análisis de la “producción” mostraron un alto estatus de perturbación y biológica que fue caracterizada por baja diversidad y abundancia, condiciones reducidas y agua de fondo poco oxigenada. Por otra parte, en los sitios más externos de la bahía, debido quizas a su localización a una gran distancia de las fuentes de materia orgánica con una alta energía hidrodinámica, las condiciones para el desarrollo de la fauna bentónica fueron favorables. Los patrones faunísticos espaciales y temporales observados y sus posibles causas fueron analizados y discutidos en relación con los factores naturales y antropogénicos que actúan sobre este ecosistema costero.


2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Nagy ◽  
D.N. Severov ◽  
V.A. Pshennikov ◽  
M. De los Santos ◽  
J.J. Lagomarsino ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-420
Author(s):  
Leticia Burone ◽  
Paula Franco-Fraguas ◽  
Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques ◽  
Nuria Lahuerta ◽  
Jorge Rey Diaz de Rada ◽  
...  

The Uruguayan continental shelf is characterised by a unique hydrographic system, composed of the Río de la Plata buoyant plume (RdlP-BP), and by water masses of contrasting thermohaline characteristics. Below the RdlP-BP the southward-flowing Subtropical Shelf Water and the northward-flowing Subantarctic Shelf Water converge at the Subtropical Shelf Front, which is the shelf extension of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence. Three main sedimentary environments can be described associated with; I) “Atlantic coastal sands” (i.e. onshore from the palaeovalley); II) the SW-NE running “RdlP palaeovalley” and; III) “Relict sands” (i.e., offshore of the RdlP palaeovalley). Three exposed sedimentary units (U1 to U3) identified from acoustic profiles and sediment cores (sedimentary characteristics of stratigraphic units) almost entirely restricted to the palaeovalley. The transect here studied intersects these three environments contributing thus with the description of the morphological setting and sedimentary coverture. Physical and geochemical data were integrated and used to characterise the sedimentary facies previously described in the inner shelf and to understand environmental control on the development of these facies.Sediments from U1 show the terrestrial imprint of the RdlP and drier regional conditions, while sediments that characterised U3 indicate a sandy facies (quartz and bioclasts: whole and fragmented shells and polychaetes tubes) corresponding to an ancient coast. This last (with approximately 11 m height), is probably related to sea-level stabilization, between 20 and 25 m occurring during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene for the South-Western Atlantic. The sediment from U3 reflects the colder and drier conditions prevailing in the region during the formation of this facies (13.7 and 9.7 cal ka BP). Eroded sediments (e.g., from U3; ancient coast) are deposited inside the palaeovalley and on the onshore region (between the palaeovalley and coastal sands). Also, U1 extends from the palaeovalley covering the onshore region. The outcrop of warmer oceanic shelf waters was probably a consequence of the geomorphology of the palaeovalley (edge of the palaeovalley) and related to the still fall presence of waters typical of the austral warm season when higher advection of Brazil Current occurs over the shelf. In this regard, the mound-like feature should induce bottom water to rise, operating as a ramp. Productivity proxies (Si/Ti, Ba/Ti, Ca/Ti and P/Ti) present the highest values in these stations (S16-S18), reflecting the imprint of the upwelling in the sediment.The information reported in this work is particularly important to better understand sedimentological dynamics in the Uruguayan inner shelf and the Southwestern Atlantic region. It is also important for elaborating more precise paleoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic reconstructions. ResumoA plataforma continental uruguaia é caracterizada por um sistema hidrográfico único, composto pela pluma túrbida do Rio de la Plata (RdlP-BP) e por massas de água com características termohalinas contrastantes. Abaixo da RdlP-BP, a água subtropical da plataforma que flui para sul e a água subantártica da plataforma que flui para norte convergem para a frente subtropical da plataforma, a qual é a extensão da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas.Três principais ambientes sedimentares podem ser descritos associados: I) a "areias costeiras atlânticas" (com ocorrência em direção a terra a partir do “Paleovale do RdlP”); II) o “Paleovale do RdlP” com direção SW-NE e; III) a "Areias relíquia" (para offshore do “Paleovale do RdlP”). Três unidades sedimentares estratigráficas expostas (U1 a U3) identificadas a partir de perfis acústicos e testemunhos de sedimentos quase que totalmente restritas ao paleovale. Dados físicos e geoquímicos foram integrados e utilizados para caracterizar as fácies sedimentares encontradas na plataforma continental interna e para entender o controle ambiental sobre o desenvolvimento dessas fácies.Os sedimentos da unidade U1 representam o registo terrestre da RdlP e condições regionais mais secas, enquanto os sedimentos que caracterizam a unidade U3 indicam fácies arenosas (quartzo e bioclastos: conchas inteiras e fragmentadas e tubos de poliquetas) correspondente a uma costa antiga. Este último (com aproximadamente 11 m de altura) está provavelmente relacionado à estabilização do nível do mar, entre 20 e 25 m durante o Pleistoceno Superior e o Holoceno, no Atlântico Sudoeste. O sedimento da unidade U3 reflete as condições mais frias e secas da região durante a formação desta fácies (entre 13,7 e 9,7 cal ka BP). Sedimentos erodidos (por exemplo, de U3; costa antiga) são depositados dentro do paleovale e na região onshore (entre o paleovale e as areias costeiras). Além disso, a unidade U1 estende-se do paleovale até ao continente.O afloramento de águas oceânicas mais quentes, foi provavelmente uma consequência da geomorfologia do paleovale e está relacionado à presença de águas típicas da estação quente austral, quando ocorre maior advecção da corrente do Brasil na plataforma. A estrutura semelhante a um monte deve induzir a subida da água no fundo, operando como uma rampa. Os proxies de produtividade (Si/Ti, Ba/Ti, Ca/Ti e P/Ti) apresentam os maiores valores nessas estações (S16-S18), refletindo a impressão da ressurgência no sedimento.As informações obtidas através deste trabalho são particularmente importantes para melhor compreender a dinâmica sedimentar na plataforma interna uruguaia e na região do sudoeste do Atlântico. Também é importante para elaborar reconstituições paleoambientais e paleoceanográficas mais precisas. Palavras-chave: Dinâmica sedimentar. Dinâmica hidrográfica. Estuário do Rio de la Prata. Atlântico sudoeste. Plataforma continental interna.


2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Cepeda ◽  
R. P. Di Mauro ◽  
M. C. Hozbor ◽  
D. Cucchi Colleoni ◽  
D. Hernández ◽  
...  

Oithonid species are key components of estuarine zooplankton communities. The spatial distribution of Oithona nana and O. helgolandica (syn. O. similis) and their population dynamics were studied for the first time in a shallow temperate estuarine system in the south-west Atlantic Ocean. Here we estimated the influence of physical (salinity and temperature) and trophic (chlorophyll-a and bacterioplankton concentrations) factors on the life-history traits of O. nana and O. helgolandica. The abundance and biomass of O. nana were higher at the surface salinity front but were not correlated with higher egg production rates, which suggests the presence of some retention mechanism that favours population aggregation. In a spatial context, the high reproductive activity near the La Plata River runoff in comparison with the coastal system nearby, suggests that this system might favour the proliferation of O. nana populations. However, smaller females with fairly few and smaller eggs per sac occurred under estuarine influence, which implies that there is a potential ecological advantage. The extremely low abundance and reproductive activity of O. helgolandica at the Río de la Plata system indicates that this system might not constitute the best habitat for this cyclopoid.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Tudurí ◽  
Leandro Bergamino ◽  
Roberto Violante ◽  
José Luis Cavallotto ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez

The aim of this study is to examine sedimentary organic matter sources, spatial distribution and temporal variability in a large estuarine system, the Río de la Plata estuary (South America). For this purpose, this work integrates recent and historical carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratios and sediment grain size analyses along the Río de la Plata estuary. Principal component analysis based on biogeochemical variables and salinity revealed two main biogeochemical contrasting zones, corresponding to the upper and the lower estuary. Such zones are derived from the density gradient observed at the maximum turbidity zone acting as a physical barrier by trapping fine sediments and controlling primary productivity. As a consequence, sedimentary total organic carbon and total nitrogen increase from upper reaches towards lower reaches to attain maximum values under the turbidity gradient due to the presence of fine sediments. On the other hand, C/N ratios display an opposite trend, with higher values in the upper reaches due to a higher influence of continental organic matter. Moreover, Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) based on δ13C and δ15N reveals that the main organic matter source to the sediment appears to be the continental particulate organic matter and the estimated percentages of terrestrial allochthonous contribution (C3 plants) indicated a decreased contribution towards the lower reaches. The paleoenvironmental analysis shows a change in the sedimentary organic matter composition since 1970 associated to an increased influence of terrestrial organic matter. This trend is related to an increase in the Paraná River flow, which in turn is related to climatic variability (i.e., the polarity change of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation). ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é estimar fontes de matéria orgânica sedimentar, distribuição espacial e variabilidade temporal num grande sistema estuarino, o estuário do Río de la Plata (América do Sul). Este trabalho integra dados atuais e históricos de isótopos de carbono e nitrogênio (δ13C, δ15N), carbono orgânico total, nitrogênio total, relação C/N e granulometria do sedimento ao longo do estuário do Río de la Plata. A análise de componentes principais baseada em variáveis biogeoquímicas e salinidade revelou duas zonas biogeoquímicas contrastantes, correspondentes ao estuário superior e inferior. Tais zonas são definidas por diferenças no gradiente de densidade na zona de turbidez máxima, o qual atua como uma barreira física, causando o aprisionamento de sedimentos finos e influenciando a produtividade primária. Como conseqüência, o carbono orgânico total sedimentar e o nitrogênio total aumentam dos trechos superiores para os trechos inferiores atingindo valores máximos sob o gradiente de turbidez devido à presença de sedimentos finos. Por outro lado, a razão C/N exibe uma tendência oposta, atingindo valores mais elevados no estuário superior devido a uma maior influência da matéria orgânica continental. Os resultados isotópicos de δ13C e δ15N sugerem que a principal fonte de matéria orgânica para o sedimento é a matéria orgânica particulada continental. A contribuição alóctone terrestre (plantas C3) diminui no estuário inferior. A análise paleoambiental mostra uma mudança na composição da matéria orgânica sedimentar a partir de 1970, causada pelo aumento do fornecimento da matéria orgânica terrestre. Essa tendência está relacionada a um aumento no fluxo do Rio Paraná, na sequência de alterações climáticas relacionadas com a mudança de polaridade da Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico.


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