scholarly journals Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Milena Stefanovic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽  
Vera Vidakovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

scholarly journals A Pro-Environmental Method of Sample Size Determination to Predict the Quality Level of Products Considering Current Customers’ Expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5542
Author(s):  
Dominika Siwiec ◽  
Andrzej Pacana
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Test Power ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
Main Factor

The main factor that conditions the success of organizations is the development of products oriented toward customer satisfaction. An additional attribute of organizations is the use of sustainable development rules. The use of these rules and the simultaneous desire to create high-quality products encourage organizations to apply different methods to, for example, eliminate waste. This study aimed to develop a method to determine the research sample size required to predict a product’s quality level, taking into account current customers’ expectations. This method was developed by modifying a procedure to determine the research sample size as part of the calculated estimator of the mean value in the general population. Based on the concept of product sustainability development, the goal of the developed method was to determine the number of potential customers (respondents) needed to provide product requirements, which were then processed and used to predict the quality level of the product. This method was applied to simultaneously test a number of hypotheses, determine the test power, and detect statistically significant differences for several relationships of the sample sizes and the test power. This was achieved using universal hypotheses and the popular alternative-punctual (MAP) method. Testing of the proposed method showed that it was able to predict the quality level of products based on current expectations of customers.

ENZYMATISCH-FLUOROMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG DER CORTISOLBINDUNGSKAPAZITÄT DES PLASMA

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leybold ◽  
J. Rieper ◽  
L. Weissbecker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

ABSTRACT A simple method for the determination of cortisol-binding capacity is described. For saturation of the cortisol-binding proteins, plasma samples are incubated with an excess of cortisol. In the next step NADPH and liver microsomes of female rats are added. The microsomal Δ4-3-ketosteroid hydrogenase only reduces non protein-bound cortisol to tetrahydrocortisol-5α. Then the steroids are extracted by dichloromethane, and after some purification steps analyzed by fluorometry. Tetrahydrocortisol gives practically no fluorescence. The cortisol determined by this method corresponds to protein-bound cortisol and indicates the extent of cortisolbinding capacity. Precision and accuracy of the method were found to be good. The values of cortisol-binding capacity obtained by our method are compared with the results of other authors. The mean value of adult men was 25.5 ± 3.4 μg/100 ml, that of pregnant women, mens IX-X, 42.3 ± 4.2 μg/100 ml.

Determination of Sample Size in Service Inspection

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
S. Qin ◽  
G. E. O. Widera
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Service Inspection ◽  
False Rejection

When performing inservice inspection on a large volume of identical components, it becomes an almost impossible task to inspect all those in which defects may exist, even if their failure probabilities are known. As a result, an appropriate sample size needs to be determined when setting up an inspection program. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis method is employed to solve this problem. It is assumed that the characteristic data of components has a certain distribution which can be taken as known when the mean and standard deviations of serviceable and defective sets of components are estimated. The sample size can then be determined within an acceptable assigned error range. In this way, both false rejection and acceptance can be avoided with a high degree of confidence.

scholarly journals Transrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites in calves (short communication)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
A. Jacková ◽  
P. Siklenka ◽  
J. Pleva
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Nitrite Content

Abstract. In a study with 12 calves on milk nutrition, the course of methemoglobinemia as well as ttansrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites after single per os administrations of 4 g NaNO2 per animal and 30 g KNO3 per animal in the form of water Solutions has been observed. The response of the organism of calves to per os administered doses of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate was observed by the determination of tlie methemoglobin percentage in blood and the nitrate and nitrite content in urine before the administration ofthe respective dose and after h 1, 2, 3 and 4 after the administration. A significant elevation in the values of methemoglobin was recorded after h 2 after the administration of 4g NaNO3 per animal. The mean value of methemoglobin in blood was 18.84% of total hemoglobin. A slight decline in the values occurred as early as after h 3 after the administration. Of clinical signs, cyanosis of visible mucosae was observed. The highest nitrite and nitrate values in urine were determined after h 2 after per os administration of 4g NaNO2, With the administration of 30g KNO3 per animal, the most pronounced elevation in methemoglobinemia was observed after h 3, when the means values of methemoglobin was 11,75%. Of clinical signs, only slight cyanosis of mucosae was detectable. Maximum values of nitrates in urine of experimental calves after h 3 after the administration of 30 g KNO3 per animal, with the mean value of 29,9 mM NO3−1 clearly demonstrate a good transrenal passage of nitrates in calves on milk nutrition.

A Versatile Radioimmunoassay for the Determination of Serum Oestriol in Pregnancy

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. H. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Random Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

A versatile radioimmunoassay for serum oestriol in pregnancy has been developed which requires 10 μ| of serum (for total) or 50 μ| (for unconjugated). Selection of the optimum conditions for the hydrolysis of serum oestriol conjugates, the isolation of free oestriol, the displacement of tritiated oestriol by cold oestriol and the separation of the free and bound fractions is described. Total oestriol levels doubled between weeks 34 and 38 of normal pregnancy, very little change occurring in the mean level after the 38th week of gestation. In a random series of pregnancy sera there was a significant correlation between total and unconjugated oestriol.

Determination of high-density lipoprotein phospholipids in serum.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Color Development ◽  
The Mean

Abstract I describe a method for measuring high-density lipoprotein phospholipids. Magnesium chloride and dextran sulfate are used to precipitate all low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins. The supernate contains only high-density lipoproteins, the phospholipid concentration of which is determined by an enzymic method. The precision of the method (CV) is 2.35% (10 repeated assays), and the mean value for HDL-phospholipids was 1006 (SD 248) mg/L for 30 apparently healthy subjects. I used electrophoresis and enzymic color development to confirm the presence of HDL-phospholipids. Results are compared with those obtained by an ultracentrifugation method.

Determination of oxygenated, mixed venous blood CO2 tension by a breath-holding method

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Knowles ◽  
William Newman ◽  
Wallace O. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
The Mean

At the end of a normal expiration the subject inhaled a given volume of gas mixtures containing different concentrations of CO2 in O2 from 5 to 17%. These were held in the lung for 3 and then again for 12 seconds and were then expired and analyzed. Analyses were made with an infrared analyzer and times were obtained from the graphical record. If the rate of change of CO2 tension is plotted against the mean CO2 tension a straight line results which passes through zero rate at the tension which equals the tension of CO2 in the mixed oxygenated venous blood. From the slope of this straight line it is possible to calculate the cardiac output if the lung volume and slope of the CO2 dissociation curve of the blood are known. Data are presented from 37 experiments on 10 subjects. The method is believed to be theoretically sound but has not been validated as a practical clinical method. Occasional erratic points were obtained, especially in untrained subjects. The standard error of the mean value for venous CO2 tension was 1.9 mm Hg. Submitted on July 13, 1959

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